Sepsis in Pediatric Cancer: Does Gender Matter? A 20-Year Retrospective Study

Introduction Gender plays an active role in the incidence and outcome of many infectious and malignant diseases. However, there is still no study examining sex differences for developing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in pediatric patients with cancer. We sought to identify potential gender-specific...
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Autor*in:	Meryk, Andreas [verfasserIn] Kropshofer, Gabriele Bargehr, Caroline Knoll, Miriam Hetzer, Benjamin Lass-Flörl, Cornelia Crazzolara, Roman

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	BSI Childhood cancer Sex disparity

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s) 2021

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Infectious diseases and therapy - Heidelberg : Springer, 2012, 11(2021), 1 vom: 25. Okt., Seite 581-585
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:11 ; year:2021 ; number:1 ; day:25 ; month:10 ; pages:581-585

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s40121-021-00549-w

Katalog-ID:	SPR046246177

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520			\|a Introduction Gender plays an active role in the incidence and outcome of many infectious and malignant diseases. However, there is still no study examining sex differences for developing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in pediatric patients with cancer. We sought to identify potential gender-specific risk factors for BSIs. Methods Data were retrospectively analyzed from 621 pediatric patients treated for childhood cancer in a tertiary single center between 1 January 2000 and 31 June 2018. After central venous access device (CVAD) placement, patients were followed up until CVAD was removed or at the most for 1 year. We calculated the gender-specific prevalence for BSIs and compared the causative bacterial strains. Results Of 621 pediatric patients with cancer (283 girls [45.6%] and 338 boys [54.4%]), 110 patients (41 girls [37.3%] and 69 boys [62.7%]) were identified with a total of 134 BSIs. Girls and boys had a similar incidence for BSI (13%) within the first 3 months of therapy, after which the risk for BSI increased significantly for boys (34% versus 21%, boys versus girls, P = 0.025). Moreover, BSI with gram-positive bacteria affected boys nearly twice as often as girls (29.8% versus 56.5%, girls versus boys). Conclusions Future clinical awareness of hygiene-related BSIs in boys could be helpful in identifying areas for improvement.
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allfields	10.1007/s40121-021-00549-w doi (DE-627)SPR046246177 (SPR)s40121-021-00549-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Meryk, Andreas verfasserin aut Sepsis in Pediatric Cancer: Does Gender Matter? A 20-Year Retrospective Study 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2021 Introduction Gender plays an active role in the incidence and outcome of many infectious and malignant diseases. However, there is still no study examining sex differences for developing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in pediatric patients with cancer. We sought to identify potential gender-specific risk factors for BSIs. Methods Data were retrospectively analyzed from 621 pediatric patients treated for childhood cancer in a tertiary single center between 1 January 2000 and 31 June 2018. After central venous access device (CVAD) placement, patients were followed up until CVAD was removed or at the most for 1 year. We calculated the gender-specific prevalence for BSIs and compared the causative bacterial strains. Results Of 621 pediatric patients with cancer (283 girls [45.6%] and 338 boys [54.4%]), 110 patients (41 girls [37.3%] and 69 boys [62.7%]) were identified with a total of 134 BSIs. Girls and boys had a similar incidence for BSI (13%) within the first 3 months of therapy, after which the risk for BSI increased significantly for boys (34% versus 21%, boys versus girls, P = 0.025). Moreover, BSI with gram-positive bacteria affected boys nearly twice as often as girls (29.8% versus 56.5%, girls versus boys). Conclusions Future clinical awareness of hygiene-related BSIs in boys could be helpful in identifying areas for improvement. BSI (dpeaa)DE-He213 Childhood cancer (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sex disparity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kropshofer, Gabriele aut Bargehr, Caroline aut Knoll, Miriam aut Hetzer, Benjamin aut Lass-Flörl, Cornelia aut Crazzolara, Roman (orcid)0000-0003-4336-6275 aut Enthalten in Infectious diseases and therapy Heidelberg : Springer, 2012 11(2021), 1 vom: 25. Okt., Seite 581-585 (DE-627)735690766 (DE-600)2701611-0 2193-6382 nnns volume:11 year:2021 number:1 day:25 month:10 pages:581-585 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40121-021-00549-w kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2021 1 25 10 581-585
spelling	10.1007/s40121-021-00549-w doi (DE-627)SPR046246177 (SPR)s40121-021-00549-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Meryk, Andreas verfasserin aut Sepsis in Pediatric Cancer: Does Gender Matter? A 20-Year Retrospective Study 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2021 Introduction Gender plays an active role in the incidence and outcome of many infectious and malignant diseases. However, there is still no study examining sex differences for developing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in pediatric patients with cancer. We sought to identify potential gender-specific risk factors for BSIs. Methods Data were retrospectively analyzed from 621 pediatric patients treated for childhood cancer in a tertiary single center between 1 January 2000 and 31 June 2018. After central venous access device (CVAD) placement, patients were followed up until CVAD was removed or at the most for 1 year. We calculated the gender-specific prevalence for BSIs and compared the causative bacterial strains. Results Of 621 pediatric patients with cancer (283 girls [45.6%] and 338 boys [54.4%]), 110 patients (41 girls [37.3%] and 69 boys [62.7%]) were identified with a total of 134 BSIs. Girls and boys had a similar incidence for BSI (13%) within the first 3 months of therapy, after which the risk for BSI increased significantly for boys (34% versus 21%, boys versus girls, P = 0.025). Moreover, BSI with gram-positive bacteria affected boys nearly twice as often as girls (29.8% versus 56.5%, girls versus boys). Conclusions Future clinical awareness of hygiene-related BSIs in boys could be helpful in identifying areas for improvement. BSI (dpeaa)DE-He213 Childhood cancer (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sex disparity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kropshofer, Gabriele aut Bargehr, Caroline aut Knoll, Miriam aut Hetzer, Benjamin aut Lass-Flörl, Cornelia aut Crazzolara, Roman (orcid)0000-0003-4336-6275 aut Enthalten in Infectious diseases and therapy Heidelberg : Springer, 2012 11(2021), 1 vom: 25. Okt., Seite 581-585 (DE-627)735690766 (DE-600)2701611-0 2193-6382 nnns volume:11 year:2021 number:1 day:25 month:10 pages:581-585 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40121-021-00549-w kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2021 1 25 10 581-585
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s40121-021-00549-w doi (DE-627)SPR046246177 (SPR)s40121-021-00549-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Meryk, Andreas verfasserin aut Sepsis in Pediatric Cancer: Does Gender Matter? A 20-Year Retrospective Study 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2021 Introduction Gender plays an active role in the incidence and outcome of many infectious and malignant diseases. However, there is still no study examining sex differences for developing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in pediatric patients with cancer. We sought to identify potential gender-specific risk factors for BSIs. Methods Data were retrospectively analyzed from 621 pediatric patients treated for childhood cancer in a tertiary single center between 1 January 2000 and 31 June 2018. After central venous access device (CVAD) placement, patients were followed up until CVAD was removed or at the most for 1 year. We calculated the gender-specific prevalence for BSIs and compared the causative bacterial strains. Results Of 621 pediatric patients with cancer (283 girls [45.6%] and 338 boys [54.4%]), 110 patients (41 girls [37.3%] and 69 boys [62.7%]) were identified with a total of 134 BSIs. Girls and boys had a similar incidence for BSI (13%) within the first 3 months of therapy, after which the risk for BSI increased significantly for boys (34% versus 21%, boys versus girls, P = 0.025). Moreover, BSI with gram-positive bacteria affected boys nearly twice as often as girls (29.8% versus 56.5%, girls versus boys). Conclusions Future clinical awareness of hygiene-related BSIs in boys could be helpful in identifying areas for improvement. BSI (dpeaa)DE-He213 Childhood cancer (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sex disparity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kropshofer, Gabriele aut Bargehr, Caroline aut Knoll, Miriam aut Hetzer, Benjamin aut Lass-Flörl, Cornelia aut Crazzolara, Roman (orcid)0000-0003-4336-6275 aut Enthalten in Infectious diseases and therapy Heidelberg : Springer, 2012 11(2021), 1 vom: 25. Okt., Seite 581-585 (DE-627)735690766 (DE-600)2701611-0 2193-6382 nnns volume:11 year:2021 number:1 day:25 month:10 pages:581-585 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40121-021-00549-w kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2021 1 25 10 581-585
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s40121-021-00549-w doi (DE-627)SPR046246177 (SPR)s40121-021-00549-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Meryk, Andreas verfasserin aut Sepsis in Pediatric Cancer: Does Gender Matter? A 20-Year Retrospective Study 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2021 Introduction Gender plays an active role in the incidence and outcome of many infectious and malignant diseases. However, there is still no study examining sex differences for developing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in pediatric patients with cancer. We sought to identify potential gender-specific risk factors for BSIs. Methods Data were retrospectively analyzed from 621 pediatric patients treated for childhood cancer in a tertiary single center between 1 January 2000 and 31 June 2018. After central venous access device (CVAD) placement, patients were followed up until CVAD was removed or at the most for 1 year. We calculated the gender-specific prevalence for BSIs and compared the causative bacterial strains. Results Of 621 pediatric patients with cancer (283 girls [45.6%] and 338 boys [54.4%]), 110 patients (41 girls [37.3%] and 69 boys [62.7%]) were identified with a total of 134 BSIs. Girls and boys had a similar incidence for BSI (13%) within the first 3 months of therapy, after which the risk for BSI increased significantly for boys (34% versus 21%, boys versus girls, P = 0.025). Moreover, BSI with gram-positive bacteria affected boys nearly twice as often as girls (29.8% versus 56.5%, girls versus boys). Conclusions Future clinical awareness of hygiene-related BSIs in boys could be helpful in identifying areas for improvement. BSI (dpeaa)DE-He213 Childhood cancer (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sex disparity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kropshofer, Gabriele aut Bargehr, Caroline aut Knoll, Miriam aut Hetzer, Benjamin aut Lass-Flörl, Cornelia aut Crazzolara, Roman (orcid)0000-0003-4336-6275 aut Enthalten in Infectious diseases and therapy Heidelberg : Springer, 2012 11(2021), 1 vom: 25. Okt., Seite 581-585 (DE-627)735690766 (DE-600)2701611-0 2193-6382 nnns volume:11 year:2021 number:1 day:25 month:10 pages:581-585 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40121-021-00549-w kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2021 1 25 10 581-585
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s40121-021-00549-w doi (DE-627)SPR046246177 (SPR)s40121-021-00549-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Meryk, Andreas verfasserin aut Sepsis in Pediatric Cancer: Does Gender Matter? A 20-Year Retrospective Study 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2021 Introduction Gender plays an active role in the incidence and outcome of many infectious and malignant diseases. However, there is still no study examining sex differences for developing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in pediatric patients with cancer. We sought to identify potential gender-specific risk factors for BSIs. Methods Data were retrospectively analyzed from 621 pediatric patients treated for childhood cancer in a tertiary single center between 1 January 2000 and 31 June 2018. After central venous access device (CVAD) placement, patients were followed up until CVAD was removed or at the most for 1 year. We calculated the gender-specific prevalence for BSIs and compared the causative bacterial strains. Results Of 621 pediatric patients with cancer (283 girls [45.6%] and 338 boys [54.4%]), 110 patients (41 girls [37.3%] and 69 boys [62.7%]) were identified with a total of 134 BSIs. Girls and boys had a similar incidence for BSI (13%) within the first 3 months of therapy, after which the risk for BSI increased significantly for boys (34% versus 21%, boys versus girls, P = 0.025). Moreover, BSI with gram-positive bacteria affected boys nearly twice as often as girls (29.8% versus 56.5%, girls versus boys). Conclusions Future clinical awareness of hygiene-related BSIs in boys could be helpful in identifying areas for improvement. BSI (dpeaa)DE-He213 Childhood cancer (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sex disparity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kropshofer, Gabriele aut Bargehr, Caroline aut Knoll, Miriam aut Hetzer, Benjamin aut Lass-Flörl, Cornelia aut Crazzolara, Roman (orcid)0000-0003-4336-6275 aut Enthalten in Infectious diseases and therapy Heidelberg : Springer, 2012 11(2021), 1 vom: 25. Okt., Seite 581-585 (DE-627)735690766 (DE-600)2701611-0 2193-6382 nnns volume:11 year:2021 number:1 day:25 month:10 pages:581-585 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40121-021-00549-w kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2021 1 25 10 581-585
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However, there is still no study examining sex differences for developing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in pediatric patients with cancer. We sought to identify potential gender-specific risk factors for BSIs. Methods Data were retrospectively analyzed from 621 pediatric patients treated for childhood cancer in a tertiary single center between 1 January 2000 and 31 June 2018. After central venous access device (CVAD) placement, patients were followed up until CVAD was removed or at the most for 1 year. We calculated the gender-specific prevalence for BSIs and compared the causative bacterial strains. Results Of 621 pediatric patients with cancer (283 girls [45.6%] and 338 boys [54.4%]), 110 patients (41 girls [37.3%] and 69 boys [62.7%]) were identified with a total of 134 BSIs. Girls and boys had a similar incidence for BSI (13%) within the first 3 months of therapy, after which the risk for BSI increased significantly for boys (34% versus 21%, boys versus girls, P = 0.025). 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author	Meryk, Andreas
spellingShingle	Meryk, Andreas misc BSI misc Childhood cancer misc Sex disparity Sepsis in Pediatric Cancer: Does Gender Matter? A 20-Year Retrospective Study
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topic_title	Sepsis in Pediatric Cancer: Does Gender Matter? A 20-Year Retrospective Study BSI (dpeaa)DE-He213 Childhood cancer (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sex disparity (dpeaa)DE-He213
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title	Sepsis in Pediatric Cancer: Does Gender Matter? A 20-Year Retrospective Study
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title_full	Sepsis in Pediatric Cancer: Does Gender Matter? A 20-Year Retrospective Study
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title_sort	sepsis in pediatric cancer: does gender matter? a 20-year retrospective study
title_auth	Sepsis in Pediatric Cancer: Does Gender Matter? A 20-Year Retrospective Study
abstract	Introduction Gender plays an active role in the incidence and outcome of many infectious and malignant diseases. However, there is still no study examining sex differences for developing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in pediatric patients with cancer. We sought to identify potential gender-specific risk factors for BSIs. Methods Data were retrospectively analyzed from 621 pediatric patients treated for childhood cancer in a tertiary single center between 1 January 2000 and 31 June 2018. After central venous access device (CVAD) placement, patients were followed up until CVAD was removed or at the most for 1 year. We calculated the gender-specific prevalence for BSIs and compared the causative bacterial strains. Results Of 621 pediatric patients with cancer (283 girls [45.6%] and 338 boys [54.4%]), 110 patients (41 girls [37.3%] and 69 boys [62.7%]) were identified with a total of 134 BSIs. Girls and boys had a similar incidence for BSI (13%) within the first 3 months of therapy, after which the risk for BSI increased significantly for boys (34% versus 21%, boys versus girls, P = 0.025). Moreover, BSI with gram-positive bacteria affected boys nearly twice as often as girls (29.8% versus 56.5%, girls versus boys). Conclusions Future clinical awareness of hygiene-related BSIs in boys could be helpful in identifying areas for improvement. © The Author(s) 2021
abstractGer	Introduction Gender plays an active role in the incidence and outcome of many infectious and malignant diseases. However, there is still no study examining sex differences for developing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in pediatric patients with cancer. We sought to identify potential gender-specific risk factors for BSIs. Methods Data were retrospectively analyzed from 621 pediatric patients treated for childhood cancer in a tertiary single center between 1 January 2000 and 31 June 2018. After central venous access device (CVAD) placement, patients were followed up until CVAD was removed or at the most for 1 year. We calculated the gender-specific prevalence for BSIs and compared the causative bacterial strains. Results Of 621 pediatric patients with cancer (283 girls [45.6%] and 338 boys [54.4%]), 110 patients (41 girls [37.3%] and 69 boys [62.7%]) were identified with a total of 134 BSIs. Girls and boys had a similar incidence for BSI (13%) within the first 3 months of therapy, after which the risk for BSI increased significantly for boys (34% versus 21%, boys versus girls, P = 0.025). Moreover, BSI with gram-positive bacteria affected boys nearly twice as often as girls (29.8% versus 56.5%, girls versus boys). Conclusions Future clinical awareness of hygiene-related BSIs in boys could be helpful in identifying areas for improvement. © The Author(s) 2021
abstract_unstemmed	Introduction Gender plays an active role in the incidence and outcome of many infectious and malignant diseases. However, there is still no study examining sex differences for developing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in pediatric patients with cancer. We sought to identify potential gender-specific risk factors for BSIs. Methods Data were retrospectively analyzed from 621 pediatric patients treated for childhood cancer in a tertiary single center between 1 January 2000 and 31 June 2018. After central venous access device (CVAD) placement, patients were followed up until CVAD was removed or at the most for 1 year. We calculated the gender-specific prevalence for BSIs and compared the causative bacterial strains. Results Of 621 pediatric patients with cancer (283 girls [45.6%] and 338 boys [54.4%]), 110 patients (41 girls [37.3%] and 69 boys [62.7%]) were identified with a total of 134 BSIs. Girls and boys had a similar incidence for BSI (13%) within the first 3 months of therapy, after which the risk for BSI increased significantly for boys (34% versus 21%, boys versus girls, P = 0.025). Moreover, BSI with gram-positive bacteria affected boys nearly twice as often as girls (29.8% versus 56.5%, girls versus boys). Conclusions Future clinical awareness of hygiene-related BSIs in boys could be helpful in identifying areas for improvement. © The Author(s) 2021
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title_short	Sepsis in Pediatric Cancer: Does Gender Matter? A 20-Year Retrospective Study
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author2	Kropshofer, Gabriele Bargehr, Caroline Knoll, Miriam Hetzer, Benjamin Lass-Flörl, Cornelia Crazzolara, Roman
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Sepsis in Pediatric Cancer: Does Gender Matter? A 20-Year Retrospective Study

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