A cross-sectional survey to map Clinical Pharmacy Education and Practice in Europe
Abstract Background Clinical activities provided by pharmacists are increasing worldwide, including in Europe. However, an overview of clinical pharmacy education and practice is needed. Aim To map clinical pharmacy (CP) education and practice among European countries. Method A cross-sectional web-b...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Moura, Laura [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2021 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Pharmacy world & science - Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1979, 44(2021), 1 vom: 09. Sept., Seite 118-126 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:44 ; year:2021 ; number:1 ; day:09 ; month:09 ; pages:118-126 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s11096-021-01321-3 |
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SPR046320636 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Background Clinical activities provided by pharmacists are increasing worldwide, including in Europe. However, an overview of clinical pharmacy education and practice is needed. Aim To map clinical pharmacy (CP) education and practice among European countries. Method A cross-sectional web-based survey led by the Education Committee of the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy (ESCP) was conducted. The survey comprised three domains focusing on: undergraduate education, postgraduate education, and practice. A multi-phased validation process was undertaken, attributing levels of evidence according to the number of information sources for each country. Triangulation was used to seek within country consensus. Main outcome measures included the number of hours of education in CP; existence of a specialization in CP and activities delivered in practice. Results Data from 40 European countries were included (response rate 95.2%). Most respondents (86.8%) agreed with the ESCP definition of CP. Almost every country (94.9%) reported CP topics at the undergraduate level [median number = 65 h/semester (IQR: 2.0–5.6)], including practical teaching [median = 30.0% (IQR: 17.0–42.0)]. At postgraduate level, 92.5% of countries reported PhD programmes including CP and 65.0% mentioned the existence of specific CP master/diploma degrees. Continuous professional development (CPD) courses were also reported by 63.9% of respondents. More than half the countries (52.5%; n = 21) recognized CP as an area of specialization, which for 60.0% of participants was applied solely in the hospital setting. Conclusion Although CP is embedded in education and practice in European countries, there is wide variability in education and practice patterns. | ||
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10.1007/s11096-021-01321-3 doi (DE-627)SPR046320636 (SPR)s11096-021-01321-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Moura, Laura verfasserin aut A cross-sectional survey to map Clinical Pharmacy Education and Practice in Europe 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 Abstract Background Clinical activities provided by pharmacists are increasing worldwide, including in Europe. However, an overview of clinical pharmacy education and practice is needed. Aim To map clinical pharmacy (CP) education and practice among European countries. Method A cross-sectional web-based survey led by the Education Committee of the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy (ESCP) was conducted. The survey comprised three domains focusing on: undergraduate education, postgraduate education, and practice. A multi-phased validation process was undertaken, attributing levels of evidence according to the number of information sources for each country. Triangulation was used to seek within country consensus. Main outcome measures included the number of hours of education in CP; existence of a specialization in CP and activities delivered in practice. Results Data from 40 European countries were included (response rate 95.2%). Most respondents (86.8%) agreed with the ESCP definition of CP. Almost every country (94.9%) reported CP topics at the undergraduate level [median number = 65 h/semester (IQR: 2.0–5.6)], including practical teaching [median = 30.0% (IQR: 17.0–42.0)]. At postgraduate level, 92.5% of countries reported PhD programmes including CP and 65.0% mentioned the existence of specific CP master/diploma degrees. Continuous professional development (CPD) courses were also reported by 63.9% of respondents. More than half the countries (52.5%; n = 21) recognized CP as an area of specialization, which for 60.0% of participants was applied solely in the hospital setting. Conclusion Although CP is embedded in education and practice in European countries, there is wide variability in education and practice patterns. Clinical activities (dpeaa)DE-He213 Clinical Pharmacy (dpeaa)DE-He213 ESCP (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pharmacy Education (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pharmacy Practice (dpeaa)DE-He213 Specialization (dpeaa)DE-He213 Steurbaut, Stephane aut Salvesen Blix, Hege aut Addison, Brian aut Rabus, Sule aut Mota-Filipe, Hélder aut Alves da Costa, Filipa (orcid)0000-0003-0562-2514 aut Enthalten in Pharmacy world & science Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1979 44(2021), 1 vom: 09. Sept., Seite 118-126 (DE-627)320474054 (DE-600)2008911-9 1573-739X nnns volume:44 year:2021 number:1 day:09 month:09 pages:118-126 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-021-01321-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 44 2021 1 09 09 118-126 |
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10.1007/s11096-021-01321-3 doi (DE-627)SPR046320636 (SPR)s11096-021-01321-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Moura, Laura verfasserin aut A cross-sectional survey to map Clinical Pharmacy Education and Practice in Europe 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 Abstract Background Clinical activities provided by pharmacists are increasing worldwide, including in Europe. However, an overview of clinical pharmacy education and practice is needed. Aim To map clinical pharmacy (CP) education and practice among European countries. Method A cross-sectional web-based survey led by the Education Committee of the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy (ESCP) was conducted. The survey comprised three domains focusing on: undergraduate education, postgraduate education, and practice. A multi-phased validation process was undertaken, attributing levels of evidence according to the number of information sources for each country. Triangulation was used to seek within country consensus. Main outcome measures included the number of hours of education in CP; existence of a specialization in CP and activities delivered in practice. Results Data from 40 European countries were included (response rate 95.2%). Most respondents (86.8%) agreed with the ESCP definition of CP. Almost every country (94.9%) reported CP topics at the undergraduate level [median number = 65 h/semester (IQR: 2.0–5.6)], including practical teaching [median = 30.0% (IQR: 17.0–42.0)]. At postgraduate level, 92.5% of countries reported PhD programmes including CP and 65.0% mentioned the existence of specific CP master/diploma degrees. Continuous professional development (CPD) courses were also reported by 63.9% of respondents. More than half the countries (52.5%; n = 21) recognized CP as an area of specialization, which for 60.0% of participants was applied solely in the hospital setting. Conclusion Although CP is embedded in education and practice in European countries, there is wide variability in education and practice patterns. Clinical activities (dpeaa)DE-He213 Clinical Pharmacy (dpeaa)DE-He213 ESCP (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pharmacy Education (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pharmacy Practice (dpeaa)DE-He213 Specialization (dpeaa)DE-He213 Steurbaut, Stephane aut Salvesen Blix, Hege aut Addison, Brian aut Rabus, Sule aut Mota-Filipe, Hélder aut Alves da Costa, Filipa (orcid)0000-0003-0562-2514 aut Enthalten in Pharmacy world & science Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1979 44(2021), 1 vom: 09. Sept., Seite 118-126 (DE-627)320474054 (DE-600)2008911-9 1573-739X nnns volume:44 year:2021 number:1 day:09 month:09 pages:118-126 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-021-01321-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 44 2021 1 09 09 118-126 |
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10.1007/s11096-021-01321-3 doi (DE-627)SPR046320636 (SPR)s11096-021-01321-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Moura, Laura verfasserin aut A cross-sectional survey to map Clinical Pharmacy Education and Practice in Europe 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 Abstract Background Clinical activities provided by pharmacists are increasing worldwide, including in Europe. However, an overview of clinical pharmacy education and practice is needed. Aim To map clinical pharmacy (CP) education and practice among European countries. Method A cross-sectional web-based survey led by the Education Committee of the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy (ESCP) was conducted. The survey comprised three domains focusing on: undergraduate education, postgraduate education, and practice. A multi-phased validation process was undertaken, attributing levels of evidence according to the number of information sources for each country. Triangulation was used to seek within country consensus. Main outcome measures included the number of hours of education in CP; existence of a specialization in CP and activities delivered in practice. Results Data from 40 European countries were included (response rate 95.2%). Most respondents (86.8%) agreed with the ESCP definition of CP. Almost every country (94.9%) reported CP topics at the undergraduate level [median number = 65 h/semester (IQR: 2.0–5.6)], including practical teaching [median = 30.0% (IQR: 17.0–42.0)]. At postgraduate level, 92.5% of countries reported PhD programmes including CP and 65.0% mentioned the existence of specific CP master/diploma degrees. Continuous professional development (CPD) courses were also reported by 63.9% of respondents. More than half the countries (52.5%; n = 21) recognized CP as an area of specialization, which for 60.0% of participants was applied solely in the hospital setting. Conclusion Although CP is embedded in education and practice in European countries, there is wide variability in education and practice patterns. Clinical activities (dpeaa)DE-He213 Clinical Pharmacy (dpeaa)DE-He213 ESCP (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pharmacy Education (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pharmacy Practice (dpeaa)DE-He213 Specialization (dpeaa)DE-He213 Steurbaut, Stephane aut Salvesen Blix, Hege aut Addison, Brian aut Rabus, Sule aut Mota-Filipe, Hélder aut Alves da Costa, Filipa (orcid)0000-0003-0562-2514 aut Enthalten in Pharmacy world & science Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1979 44(2021), 1 vom: 09. Sept., Seite 118-126 (DE-627)320474054 (DE-600)2008911-9 1573-739X nnns volume:44 year:2021 number:1 day:09 month:09 pages:118-126 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-021-01321-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 44 2021 1 09 09 118-126 |
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10.1007/s11096-021-01321-3 doi (DE-627)SPR046320636 (SPR)s11096-021-01321-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Moura, Laura verfasserin aut A cross-sectional survey to map Clinical Pharmacy Education and Practice in Europe 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 Abstract Background Clinical activities provided by pharmacists are increasing worldwide, including in Europe. However, an overview of clinical pharmacy education and practice is needed. Aim To map clinical pharmacy (CP) education and practice among European countries. Method A cross-sectional web-based survey led by the Education Committee of the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy (ESCP) was conducted. The survey comprised three domains focusing on: undergraduate education, postgraduate education, and practice. A multi-phased validation process was undertaken, attributing levels of evidence according to the number of information sources for each country. Triangulation was used to seek within country consensus. Main outcome measures included the number of hours of education in CP; existence of a specialization in CP and activities delivered in practice. Results Data from 40 European countries were included (response rate 95.2%). Most respondents (86.8%) agreed with the ESCP definition of CP. Almost every country (94.9%) reported CP topics at the undergraduate level [median number = 65 h/semester (IQR: 2.0–5.6)], including practical teaching [median = 30.0% (IQR: 17.0–42.0)]. At postgraduate level, 92.5% of countries reported PhD programmes including CP and 65.0% mentioned the existence of specific CP master/diploma degrees. Continuous professional development (CPD) courses were also reported by 63.9% of respondents. More than half the countries (52.5%; n = 21) recognized CP as an area of specialization, which for 60.0% of participants was applied solely in the hospital setting. Conclusion Although CP is embedded in education and practice in European countries, there is wide variability in education and practice patterns. Clinical activities (dpeaa)DE-He213 Clinical Pharmacy (dpeaa)DE-He213 ESCP (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pharmacy Education (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pharmacy Practice (dpeaa)DE-He213 Specialization (dpeaa)DE-He213 Steurbaut, Stephane aut Salvesen Blix, Hege aut Addison, Brian aut Rabus, Sule aut Mota-Filipe, Hélder aut Alves da Costa, Filipa (orcid)0000-0003-0562-2514 aut Enthalten in Pharmacy world & science Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1979 44(2021), 1 vom: 09. Sept., Seite 118-126 (DE-627)320474054 (DE-600)2008911-9 1573-739X nnns volume:44 year:2021 number:1 day:09 month:09 pages:118-126 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-021-01321-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 44 2021 1 09 09 118-126 |
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10.1007/s11096-021-01321-3 doi (DE-627)SPR046320636 (SPR)s11096-021-01321-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Moura, Laura verfasserin aut A cross-sectional survey to map Clinical Pharmacy Education and Practice in Europe 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 Abstract Background Clinical activities provided by pharmacists are increasing worldwide, including in Europe. However, an overview of clinical pharmacy education and practice is needed. Aim To map clinical pharmacy (CP) education and practice among European countries. Method A cross-sectional web-based survey led by the Education Committee of the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy (ESCP) was conducted. The survey comprised three domains focusing on: undergraduate education, postgraduate education, and practice. A multi-phased validation process was undertaken, attributing levels of evidence according to the number of information sources for each country. Triangulation was used to seek within country consensus. Main outcome measures included the number of hours of education in CP; existence of a specialization in CP and activities delivered in practice. Results Data from 40 European countries were included (response rate 95.2%). Most respondents (86.8%) agreed with the ESCP definition of CP. Almost every country (94.9%) reported CP topics at the undergraduate level [median number = 65 h/semester (IQR: 2.0–5.6)], including practical teaching [median = 30.0% (IQR: 17.0–42.0)]. At postgraduate level, 92.5% of countries reported PhD programmes including CP and 65.0% mentioned the existence of specific CP master/diploma degrees. Continuous professional development (CPD) courses were also reported by 63.9% of respondents. More than half the countries (52.5%; n = 21) recognized CP as an area of specialization, which for 60.0% of participants was applied solely in the hospital setting. Conclusion Although CP is embedded in education and practice in European countries, there is wide variability in education and practice patterns. Clinical activities (dpeaa)DE-He213 Clinical Pharmacy (dpeaa)DE-He213 ESCP (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pharmacy Education (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pharmacy Practice (dpeaa)DE-He213 Specialization (dpeaa)DE-He213 Steurbaut, Stephane aut Salvesen Blix, Hege aut Addison, Brian aut Rabus, Sule aut Mota-Filipe, Hélder aut Alves da Costa, Filipa (orcid)0000-0003-0562-2514 aut Enthalten in Pharmacy world & science Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1979 44(2021), 1 vom: 09. Sept., Seite 118-126 (DE-627)320474054 (DE-600)2008911-9 1573-739X nnns volume:44 year:2021 number:1 day:09 month:09 pages:118-126 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-021-01321-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 44 2021 1 09 09 118-126 |
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However, an overview of clinical pharmacy education and practice is needed. Aim To map clinical pharmacy (CP) education and practice among European countries. Method A cross-sectional web-based survey led by the Education Committee of the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy (ESCP) was conducted. The survey comprised three domains focusing on: undergraduate education, postgraduate education, and practice. A multi-phased validation process was undertaken, attributing levels of evidence according to the number of information sources for each country. Triangulation was used to seek within country consensus. Main outcome measures included the number of hours of education in CP; existence of a specialization in CP and activities delivered in practice. Results Data from 40 European countries were included (response rate 95.2%). Most respondents (86.8%) agreed with the ESCP definition of CP. Almost every country (94.9%) reported CP topics at the undergraduate level [median number = 65 h/semester (IQR: 2.0–5.6)], including practical teaching [median = 30.0% (IQR: 17.0–42.0)]. At postgraduate level, 92.5% of countries reported PhD programmes including CP and 65.0% mentioned the existence of specific CP master/diploma degrees. Continuous professional development (CPD) courses were also reported by 63.9% of respondents. More than half the countries (52.5%; n = 21) recognized CP as an area of specialization, which for 60.0% of participants was applied solely in the hospital setting. 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A cross-sectional survey to map Clinical Pharmacy Education and Practice in Europe |
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Abstract Background Clinical activities provided by pharmacists are increasing worldwide, including in Europe. However, an overview of clinical pharmacy education and practice is needed. Aim To map clinical pharmacy (CP) education and practice among European countries. Method A cross-sectional web-based survey led by the Education Committee of the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy (ESCP) was conducted. The survey comprised three domains focusing on: undergraduate education, postgraduate education, and practice. A multi-phased validation process was undertaken, attributing levels of evidence according to the number of information sources for each country. Triangulation was used to seek within country consensus. Main outcome measures included the number of hours of education in CP; existence of a specialization in CP and activities delivered in practice. Results Data from 40 European countries were included (response rate 95.2%). Most respondents (86.8%) agreed with the ESCP definition of CP. Almost every country (94.9%) reported CP topics at the undergraduate level [median number = 65 h/semester (IQR: 2.0–5.6)], including practical teaching [median = 30.0% (IQR: 17.0–42.0)]. At postgraduate level, 92.5% of countries reported PhD programmes including CP and 65.0% mentioned the existence of specific CP master/diploma degrees. Continuous professional development (CPD) courses were also reported by 63.9% of respondents. More than half the countries (52.5%; n = 21) recognized CP as an area of specialization, which for 60.0% of participants was applied solely in the hospital setting. Conclusion Although CP is embedded in education and practice in European countries, there is wide variability in education and practice patterns. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 |
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Abstract Background Clinical activities provided by pharmacists are increasing worldwide, including in Europe. However, an overview of clinical pharmacy education and practice is needed. Aim To map clinical pharmacy (CP) education and practice among European countries. Method A cross-sectional web-based survey led by the Education Committee of the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy (ESCP) was conducted. The survey comprised three domains focusing on: undergraduate education, postgraduate education, and practice. A multi-phased validation process was undertaken, attributing levels of evidence according to the number of information sources for each country. Triangulation was used to seek within country consensus. Main outcome measures included the number of hours of education in CP; existence of a specialization in CP and activities delivered in practice. Results Data from 40 European countries were included (response rate 95.2%). Most respondents (86.8%) agreed with the ESCP definition of CP. Almost every country (94.9%) reported CP topics at the undergraduate level [median number = 65 h/semester (IQR: 2.0–5.6)], including practical teaching [median = 30.0% (IQR: 17.0–42.0)]. At postgraduate level, 92.5% of countries reported PhD programmes including CP and 65.0% mentioned the existence of specific CP master/diploma degrees. Continuous professional development (CPD) courses were also reported by 63.9% of respondents. More than half the countries (52.5%; n = 21) recognized CP as an area of specialization, which for 60.0% of participants was applied solely in the hospital setting. Conclusion Although CP is embedded in education and practice in European countries, there is wide variability in education and practice patterns. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract Background Clinical activities provided by pharmacists are increasing worldwide, including in Europe. However, an overview of clinical pharmacy education and practice is needed. Aim To map clinical pharmacy (CP) education and practice among European countries. Method A cross-sectional web-based survey led by the Education Committee of the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy (ESCP) was conducted. The survey comprised three domains focusing on: undergraduate education, postgraduate education, and practice. A multi-phased validation process was undertaken, attributing levels of evidence according to the number of information sources for each country. Triangulation was used to seek within country consensus. Main outcome measures included the number of hours of education in CP; existence of a specialization in CP and activities delivered in practice. Results Data from 40 European countries were included (response rate 95.2%). Most respondents (86.8%) agreed with the ESCP definition of CP. Almost every country (94.9%) reported CP topics at the undergraduate level [median number = 65 h/semester (IQR: 2.0–5.6)], including practical teaching [median = 30.0% (IQR: 17.0–42.0)]. At postgraduate level, 92.5% of countries reported PhD programmes including CP and 65.0% mentioned the existence of specific CP master/diploma degrees. Continuous professional development (CPD) courses were also reported by 63.9% of respondents. More than half the countries (52.5%; n = 21) recognized CP as an area of specialization, which for 60.0% of participants was applied solely in the hospital setting. Conclusion Although CP is embedded in education and practice in European countries, there is wide variability in education and practice patterns. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 |
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However, an overview of clinical pharmacy education and practice is needed. Aim To map clinical pharmacy (CP) education and practice among European countries. Method A cross-sectional web-based survey led by the Education Committee of the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy (ESCP) was conducted. The survey comprised three domains focusing on: undergraduate education, postgraduate education, and practice. A multi-phased validation process was undertaken, attributing levels of evidence according to the number of information sources for each country. Triangulation was used to seek within country consensus. Main outcome measures included the number of hours of education in CP; existence of a specialization in CP and activities delivered in practice. Results Data from 40 European countries were included (response rate 95.2%). Most respondents (86.8%) agreed with the ESCP definition of CP. Almost every country (94.9%) reported CP topics at the undergraduate level [median number = 65 h/semester (IQR: 2.0–5.6)], including practical teaching [median = 30.0% (IQR: 17.0–42.0)]. At postgraduate level, 92.5% of countries reported PhD programmes including CP and 65.0% mentioned the existence of specific CP master/diploma degrees. Continuous professional development (CPD) courses were also reported by 63.9% of respondents. More than half the countries (52.5%; n = 21) recognized CP as an area of specialization, which for 60.0% of participants was applied solely in the hospital setting. 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