Laboratory Evaluation of a Solenoid-Operated Hill Dropping Seed Metering Mechanism for Pre-germinated Paddy Seeds
Purpose A precision hill drop seed metering mechanism was developed for sowing of pre-germinated paddy seeds. Methods The metering mechanism comprised a rectangular metering plate with a hole in the middle, and it was kept at the outlet of the hopper, which was actuated by a push–pull type solenoid...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Hensh, Sujit [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2021 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
Coefficient of hill distribution uniformity |
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| Anmerkung: |
© The Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2021 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Journal of Biosystems Engineering - Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2004, 47(2021), 1 vom: 15. Nov., Seite 1-12 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:47 ; year:2021 ; number:1 ; day:15 ; month:11 ; pages:1-12 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s42853-021-00124-8 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
SPR046387099 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Laboratory Evaluation of a Solenoid-Operated Hill Dropping Seed Metering Mechanism for Pre-germinated Paddy Seeds |
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| 520 | |a Purpose A precision hill drop seed metering mechanism was developed for sowing of pre-germinated paddy seeds. Methods The metering mechanism comprised a rectangular metering plate with a hole in the middle, and it was kept at the outlet of the hopper, which was actuated by a push–pull type solenoid to drop the seeds in the form of hill. The triggering of solenoid was controlled by a sensor wheel fitted with an inductive proximity sensor. To reduce choking and bridging of seeds at the hopper outlet, agitation was made by rotating a rod in the hopper. The performance of the developed metering mechanism was evaluated using a grease belt. The effect of main operating parameters—forward speed (0.7, 1, and 1.3 km/h), metering plate hole diameter (9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 mm), and speed of the agitator (20, 40, and 60 rpm)—on the performance of the seed metering mechanism was studied in terms of missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index, mean hill spacing, coefficient of hill distribution uniformity, and coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hills. Results The multiple index was found to be 0% in all the treatments. No visible damaged seed was found in any treatment. By applying response surface method, the optimum operating condition was found to be 0.84 km/h forward speed, 11.18-mm hole diameter, and 37.37-rpm agitation speed. The missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index, mean hill spacing, coefficient of hill distribution uniformity, and coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hills at an optimized operating condition were obtained as 6.25%, 0%, 93.75%, 23.5 cm, 90.32%, and 65.22%, respectively. The frequency of occurrence of 3 to 5 seeds per hill was found in 64.8% of the solenoid strokes. The germination percentage of hill drop seeds was 91%. Conclusions Test results showed that the seed rate variation was much lower than drum seeder, and the number of seeds dropped per hill was closer to the pneumatic rice seeder. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Coefficient of hill distribution uniformity |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hill |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Precision hill drop seeder |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Quality of feed index |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Solenoid |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Raheman, Hifjur |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s42853-021-00124-8 doi (DE-627)SPR046387099 (SPR)s42853-021-00124-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Hensh, Sujit verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-3789-2199 aut Laboratory Evaluation of a Solenoid-Operated Hill Dropping Seed Metering Mechanism for Pre-germinated Paddy Seeds 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2021 Purpose A precision hill drop seed metering mechanism was developed for sowing of pre-germinated paddy seeds. Methods The metering mechanism comprised a rectangular metering plate with a hole in the middle, and it was kept at the outlet of the hopper, which was actuated by a push–pull type solenoid to drop the seeds in the form of hill. The triggering of solenoid was controlled by a sensor wheel fitted with an inductive proximity sensor. To reduce choking and bridging of seeds at the hopper outlet, agitation was made by rotating a rod in the hopper. The performance of the developed metering mechanism was evaluated using a grease belt. The effect of main operating parameters—forward speed (0.7, 1, and 1.3 km/h), metering plate hole diameter (9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 mm), and speed of the agitator (20, 40, and 60 rpm)—on the performance of the seed metering mechanism was studied in terms of missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index, mean hill spacing, coefficient of hill distribution uniformity, and coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hills. Results The multiple index was found to be 0% in all the treatments. No visible damaged seed was found in any treatment. By applying response surface method, the optimum operating condition was found to be 0.84 km/h forward speed, 11.18-mm hole diameter, and 37.37-rpm agitation speed. The missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index, mean hill spacing, coefficient of hill distribution uniformity, and coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hills at an optimized operating condition were obtained as 6.25%, 0%, 93.75%, 23.5 cm, 90.32%, and 65.22%, respectively. The frequency of occurrence of 3 to 5 seeds per hill was found in 64.8% of the solenoid strokes. The germination percentage of hill drop seeds was 91%. Conclusions Test results showed that the seed rate variation was much lower than drum seeder, and the number of seeds dropped per hill was closer to the pneumatic rice seeder. Coefficient of hill distribution uniformity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hill (dpeaa)DE-He213 Precision hill drop seeder (dpeaa)DE-He213 Quality of feed index (dpeaa)DE-He213 Solenoid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Raheman, Hifjur aut Enthalten in Journal of Biosystems Engineering Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2004 47(2021), 1 vom: 15. Nov., Seite 1-12 (DE-627)166529633X (DE-600)2972001-1 2234-1862 nnns volume:47 year:2021 number:1 day:15 month:11 pages:1-12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42853-021-00124-8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 47 2021 1 15 11 1-12 |
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10.1007/s42853-021-00124-8 doi (DE-627)SPR046387099 (SPR)s42853-021-00124-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Hensh, Sujit verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-3789-2199 aut Laboratory Evaluation of a Solenoid-Operated Hill Dropping Seed Metering Mechanism for Pre-germinated Paddy Seeds 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2021 Purpose A precision hill drop seed metering mechanism was developed for sowing of pre-germinated paddy seeds. Methods The metering mechanism comprised a rectangular metering plate with a hole in the middle, and it was kept at the outlet of the hopper, which was actuated by a push–pull type solenoid to drop the seeds in the form of hill. The triggering of solenoid was controlled by a sensor wheel fitted with an inductive proximity sensor. To reduce choking and bridging of seeds at the hopper outlet, agitation was made by rotating a rod in the hopper. The performance of the developed metering mechanism was evaluated using a grease belt. The effect of main operating parameters—forward speed (0.7, 1, and 1.3 km/h), metering plate hole diameter (9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 mm), and speed of the agitator (20, 40, and 60 rpm)—on the performance of the seed metering mechanism was studied in terms of missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index, mean hill spacing, coefficient of hill distribution uniformity, and coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hills. Results The multiple index was found to be 0% in all the treatments. No visible damaged seed was found in any treatment. By applying response surface method, the optimum operating condition was found to be 0.84 km/h forward speed, 11.18-mm hole diameter, and 37.37-rpm agitation speed. The missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index, mean hill spacing, coefficient of hill distribution uniformity, and coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hills at an optimized operating condition were obtained as 6.25%, 0%, 93.75%, 23.5 cm, 90.32%, and 65.22%, respectively. The frequency of occurrence of 3 to 5 seeds per hill was found in 64.8% of the solenoid strokes. The germination percentage of hill drop seeds was 91%. Conclusions Test results showed that the seed rate variation was much lower than drum seeder, and the number of seeds dropped per hill was closer to the pneumatic rice seeder. Coefficient of hill distribution uniformity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hill (dpeaa)DE-He213 Precision hill drop seeder (dpeaa)DE-He213 Quality of feed index (dpeaa)DE-He213 Solenoid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Raheman, Hifjur aut Enthalten in Journal of Biosystems Engineering Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2004 47(2021), 1 vom: 15. Nov., Seite 1-12 (DE-627)166529633X (DE-600)2972001-1 2234-1862 nnns volume:47 year:2021 number:1 day:15 month:11 pages:1-12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42853-021-00124-8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 47 2021 1 15 11 1-12 |
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10.1007/s42853-021-00124-8 doi (DE-627)SPR046387099 (SPR)s42853-021-00124-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Hensh, Sujit verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-3789-2199 aut Laboratory Evaluation of a Solenoid-Operated Hill Dropping Seed Metering Mechanism for Pre-germinated Paddy Seeds 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2021 Purpose A precision hill drop seed metering mechanism was developed for sowing of pre-germinated paddy seeds. Methods The metering mechanism comprised a rectangular metering plate with a hole in the middle, and it was kept at the outlet of the hopper, which was actuated by a push–pull type solenoid to drop the seeds in the form of hill. The triggering of solenoid was controlled by a sensor wheel fitted with an inductive proximity sensor. To reduce choking and bridging of seeds at the hopper outlet, agitation was made by rotating a rod in the hopper. The performance of the developed metering mechanism was evaluated using a grease belt. The effect of main operating parameters—forward speed (0.7, 1, and 1.3 km/h), metering plate hole diameter (9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 mm), and speed of the agitator (20, 40, and 60 rpm)—on the performance of the seed metering mechanism was studied in terms of missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index, mean hill spacing, coefficient of hill distribution uniformity, and coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hills. Results The multiple index was found to be 0% in all the treatments. No visible damaged seed was found in any treatment. By applying response surface method, the optimum operating condition was found to be 0.84 km/h forward speed, 11.18-mm hole diameter, and 37.37-rpm agitation speed. The missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index, mean hill spacing, coefficient of hill distribution uniformity, and coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hills at an optimized operating condition were obtained as 6.25%, 0%, 93.75%, 23.5 cm, 90.32%, and 65.22%, respectively. The frequency of occurrence of 3 to 5 seeds per hill was found in 64.8% of the solenoid strokes. The germination percentage of hill drop seeds was 91%. Conclusions Test results showed that the seed rate variation was much lower than drum seeder, and the number of seeds dropped per hill was closer to the pneumatic rice seeder. Coefficient of hill distribution uniformity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hill (dpeaa)DE-He213 Precision hill drop seeder (dpeaa)DE-He213 Quality of feed index (dpeaa)DE-He213 Solenoid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Raheman, Hifjur aut Enthalten in Journal of Biosystems Engineering Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2004 47(2021), 1 vom: 15. Nov., Seite 1-12 (DE-627)166529633X (DE-600)2972001-1 2234-1862 nnns volume:47 year:2021 number:1 day:15 month:11 pages:1-12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42853-021-00124-8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 47 2021 1 15 11 1-12 |
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10.1007/s42853-021-00124-8 doi (DE-627)SPR046387099 (SPR)s42853-021-00124-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Hensh, Sujit verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-3789-2199 aut Laboratory Evaluation of a Solenoid-Operated Hill Dropping Seed Metering Mechanism for Pre-germinated Paddy Seeds 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2021 Purpose A precision hill drop seed metering mechanism was developed for sowing of pre-germinated paddy seeds. Methods The metering mechanism comprised a rectangular metering plate with a hole in the middle, and it was kept at the outlet of the hopper, which was actuated by a push–pull type solenoid to drop the seeds in the form of hill. The triggering of solenoid was controlled by a sensor wheel fitted with an inductive proximity sensor. To reduce choking and bridging of seeds at the hopper outlet, agitation was made by rotating a rod in the hopper. The performance of the developed metering mechanism was evaluated using a grease belt. The effect of main operating parameters—forward speed (0.7, 1, and 1.3 km/h), metering plate hole diameter (9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 mm), and speed of the agitator (20, 40, and 60 rpm)—on the performance of the seed metering mechanism was studied in terms of missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index, mean hill spacing, coefficient of hill distribution uniformity, and coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hills. Results The multiple index was found to be 0% in all the treatments. No visible damaged seed was found in any treatment. By applying response surface method, the optimum operating condition was found to be 0.84 km/h forward speed, 11.18-mm hole diameter, and 37.37-rpm agitation speed. The missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index, mean hill spacing, coefficient of hill distribution uniformity, and coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hills at an optimized operating condition were obtained as 6.25%, 0%, 93.75%, 23.5 cm, 90.32%, and 65.22%, respectively. The frequency of occurrence of 3 to 5 seeds per hill was found in 64.8% of the solenoid strokes. The germination percentage of hill drop seeds was 91%. Conclusions Test results showed that the seed rate variation was much lower than drum seeder, and the number of seeds dropped per hill was closer to the pneumatic rice seeder. Coefficient of hill distribution uniformity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hill (dpeaa)DE-He213 Precision hill drop seeder (dpeaa)DE-He213 Quality of feed index (dpeaa)DE-He213 Solenoid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Raheman, Hifjur aut Enthalten in Journal of Biosystems Engineering Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2004 47(2021), 1 vom: 15. Nov., Seite 1-12 (DE-627)166529633X (DE-600)2972001-1 2234-1862 nnns volume:47 year:2021 number:1 day:15 month:11 pages:1-12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42853-021-00124-8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 47 2021 1 15 11 1-12 |
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10.1007/s42853-021-00124-8 doi (DE-627)SPR046387099 (SPR)s42853-021-00124-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Hensh, Sujit verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-3789-2199 aut Laboratory Evaluation of a Solenoid-Operated Hill Dropping Seed Metering Mechanism for Pre-germinated Paddy Seeds 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2021 Purpose A precision hill drop seed metering mechanism was developed for sowing of pre-germinated paddy seeds. Methods The metering mechanism comprised a rectangular metering plate with a hole in the middle, and it was kept at the outlet of the hopper, which was actuated by a push–pull type solenoid to drop the seeds in the form of hill. The triggering of solenoid was controlled by a sensor wheel fitted with an inductive proximity sensor. To reduce choking and bridging of seeds at the hopper outlet, agitation was made by rotating a rod in the hopper. The performance of the developed metering mechanism was evaluated using a grease belt. The effect of main operating parameters—forward speed (0.7, 1, and 1.3 km/h), metering plate hole diameter (9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 mm), and speed of the agitator (20, 40, and 60 rpm)—on the performance of the seed metering mechanism was studied in terms of missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index, mean hill spacing, coefficient of hill distribution uniformity, and coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hills. Results The multiple index was found to be 0% in all the treatments. No visible damaged seed was found in any treatment. By applying response surface method, the optimum operating condition was found to be 0.84 km/h forward speed, 11.18-mm hole diameter, and 37.37-rpm agitation speed. The missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index, mean hill spacing, coefficient of hill distribution uniformity, and coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hills at an optimized operating condition were obtained as 6.25%, 0%, 93.75%, 23.5 cm, 90.32%, and 65.22%, respectively. The frequency of occurrence of 3 to 5 seeds per hill was found in 64.8% of the solenoid strokes. The germination percentage of hill drop seeds was 91%. Conclusions Test results showed that the seed rate variation was much lower than drum seeder, and the number of seeds dropped per hill was closer to the pneumatic rice seeder. Coefficient of hill distribution uniformity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hill (dpeaa)DE-He213 Precision hill drop seeder (dpeaa)DE-He213 Quality of feed index (dpeaa)DE-He213 Solenoid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Raheman, Hifjur aut Enthalten in Journal of Biosystems Engineering Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2004 47(2021), 1 vom: 15. Nov., Seite 1-12 (DE-627)166529633X (DE-600)2972001-1 2234-1862 nnns volume:47 year:2021 number:1 day:15 month:11 pages:1-12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42853-021-00124-8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 47 2021 1 15 11 1-12 |
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English |
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Enthalten in Journal of Biosystems Engineering 47(2021), 1 vom: 15. Nov., Seite 1-12 volume:47 year:2021 number:1 day:15 month:11 pages:1-12 |
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Enthalten in Journal of Biosystems Engineering 47(2021), 1 vom: 15. Nov., Seite 1-12 volume:47 year:2021 number:1 day:15 month:11 pages:1-12 |
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Coefficient of hill distribution uniformity Coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hill Precision hill drop seeder Quality of feed index Solenoid |
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Journal of Biosystems Engineering |
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Hensh, Sujit @@aut@@ Raheman, Hifjur @@aut@@ |
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2021-11-15T00:00:00Z |
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">SPR046387099</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230507122432.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">220304s2021 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1007/s42853-021-00124-8</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)SPR046387099</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(SPR)s42853-021-00124-8-e</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Hensh, Sujit</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0003-3789-2199</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Laboratory Evaluation of a Solenoid-Operated Hill Dropping Seed Metering Mechanism for Pre-germinated Paddy Seeds</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© The Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Purpose A precision hill drop seed metering mechanism was developed for sowing of pre-germinated paddy seeds. Methods The metering mechanism comprised a rectangular metering plate with a hole in the middle, and it was kept at the outlet of the hopper, which was actuated by a push–pull type solenoid to drop the seeds in the form of hill. The triggering of solenoid was controlled by a sensor wheel fitted with an inductive proximity sensor. To reduce choking and bridging of seeds at the hopper outlet, agitation was made by rotating a rod in the hopper. The performance of the developed metering mechanism was evaluated using a grease belt. The effect of main operating parameters—forward speed (0.7, 1, and 1.3 km/h), metering plate hole diameter (9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 mm), and speed of the agitator (20, 40, and 60 rpm)—on the performance of the seed metering mechanism was studied in terms of missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index, mean hill spacing, coefficient of hill distribution uniformity, and coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hills. Results The multiple index was found to be 0% in all the treatments. No visible damaged seed was found in any treatment. By applying response surface method, the optimum operating condition was found to be 0.84 km/h forward speed, 11.18-mm hole diameter, and 37.37-rpm agitation speed. The missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index, mean hill spacing, coefficient of hill distribution uniformity, and coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hills at an optimized operating condition were obtained as 6.25%, 0%, 93.75%, 23.5 cm, 90.32%, and 65.22%, respectively. The frequency of occurrence of 3 to 5 seeds per hill was found in 64.8% of the solenoid strokes. The germination percentage of hill drop seeds was 91%. Conclusions Test results showed that the seed rate variation was much lower than drum seeder, and the number of seeds dropped per hill was closer to the pneumatic rice seeder.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Coefficient of hill distribution uniformity</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hill</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Precision hill drop seeder</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Quality of feed index</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Solenoid</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Raheman, Hifjur</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Journal of Biosystems Engineering</subfield><subfield code="d">Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2004</subfield><subfield code="g">47(2021), 1 vom: 15. 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|
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Hensh, Sujit |
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Hensh, Sujit misc Coefficient of hill distribution uniformity misc Coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hill misc Precision hill drop seeder misc Quality of feed index misc Solenoid Laboratory Evaluation of a Solenoid-Operated Hill Dropping Seed Metering Mechanism for Pre-germinated Paddy Seeds |
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2234-1862 |
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Laboratory Evaluation of a Solenoid-Operated Hill Dropping Seed Metering Mechanism for Pre-germinated Paddy Seeds Coefficient of hill distribution uniformity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hill (dpeaa)DE-He213 Precision hill drop seeder (dpeaa)DE-He213 Quality of feed index (dpeaa)DE-He213 Solenoid (dpeaa)DE-He213 |
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misc Coefficient of hill distribution uniformity misc Coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hill misc Precision hill drop seeder misc Quality of feed index misc Solenoid |
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misc Coefficient of hill distribution uniformity misc Coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hill misc Precision hill drop seeder misc Quality of feed index misc Solenoid |
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misc Coefficient of hill distribution uniformity misc Coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hill misc Precision hill drop seeder misc Quality of feed index misc Solenoid |
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Laboratory Evaluation of a Solenoid-Operated Hill Dropping Seed Metering Mechanism for Pre-germinated Paddy Seeds |
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Laboratory Evaluation of a Solenoid-Operated Hill Dropping Seed Metering Mechanism for Pre-germinated Paddy Seeds |
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Hensh, Sujit |
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Journal of Biosystems Engineering |
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laboratory evaluation of a solenoid-operated hill dropping seed metering mechanism for pre-germinated paddy seeds |
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Laboratory Evaluation of a Solenoid-Operated Hill Dropping Seed Metering Mechanism for Pre-germinated Paddy Seeds |
| abstract |
Purpose A precision hill drop seed metering mechanism was developed for sowing of pre-germinated paddy seeds. Methods The metering mechanism comprised a rectangular metering plate with a hole in the middle, and it was kept at the outlet of the hopper, which was actuated by a push–pull type solenoid to drop the seeds in the form of hill. The triggering of solenoid was controlled by a sensor wheel fitted with an inductive proximity sensor. To reduce choking and bridging of seeds at the hopper outlet, agitation was made by rotating a rod in the hopper. The performance of the developed metering mechanism was evaluated using a grease belt. The effect of main operating parameters—forward speed (0.7, 1, and 1.3 km/h), metering plate hole diameter (9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 mm), and speed of the agitator (20, 40, and 60 rpm)—on the performance of the seed metering mechanism was studied in terms of missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index, mean hill spacing, coefficient of hill distribution uniformity, and coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hills. Results The multiple index was found to be 0% in all the treatments. No visible damaged seed was found in any treatment. By applying response surface method, the optimum operating condition was found to be 0.84 km/h forward speed, 11.18-mm hole diameter, and 37.37-rpm agitation speed. The missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index, mean hill spacing, coefficient of hill distribution uniformity, and coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hills at an optimized operating condition were obtained as 6.25%, 0%, 93.75%, 23.5 cm, 90.32%, and 65.22%, respectively. The frequency of occurrence of 3 to 5 seeds per hill was found in 64.8% of the solenoid strokes. The germination percentage of hill drop seeds was 91%. Conclusions Test results showed that the seed rate variation was much lower than drum seeder, and the number of seeds dropped per hill was closer to the pneumatic rice seeder. © The Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2021 |
| abstractGer |
Purpose A precision hill drop seed metering mechanism was developed for sowing of pre-germinated paddy seeds. Methods The metering mechanism comprised a rectangular metering plate with a hole in the middle, and it was kept at the outlet of the hopper, which was actuated by a push–pull type solenoid to drop the seeds in the form of hill. The triggering of solenoid was controlled by a sensor wheel fitted with an inductive proximity sensor. To reduce choking and bridging of seeds at the hopper outlet, agitation was made by rotating a rod in the hopper. The performance of the developed metering mechanism was evaluated using a grease belt. The effect of main operating parameters—forward speed (0.7, 1, and 1.3 km/h), metering plate hole diameter (9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 mm), and speed of the agitator (20, 40, and 60 rpm)—on the performance of the seed metering mechanism was studied in terms of missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index, mean hill spacing, coefficient of hill distribution uniformity, and coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hills. Results The multiple index was found to be 0% in all the treatments. No visible damaged seed was found in any treatment. By applying response surface method, the optimum operating condition was found to be 0.84 km/h forward speed, 11.18-mm hole diameter, and 37.37-rpm agitation speed. The missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index, mean hill spacing, coefficient of hill distribution uniformity, and coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hills at an optimized operating condition were obtained as 6.25%, 0%, 93.75%, 23.5 cm, 90.32%, and 65.22%, respectively. The frequency of occurrence of 3 to 5 seeds per hill was found in 64.8% of the solenoid strokes. The germination percentage of hill drop seeds was 91%. Conclusions Test results showed that the seed rate variation was much lower than drum seeder, and the number of seeds dropped per hill was closer to the pneumatic rice seeder. © The Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2021 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Purpose A precision hill drop seed metering mechanism was developed for sowing of pre-germinated paddy seeds. Methods The metering mechanism comprised a rectangular metering plate with a hole in the middle, and it was kept at the outlet of the hopper, which was actuated by a push–pull type solenoid to drop the seeds in the form of hill. The triggering of solenoid was controlled by a sensor wheel fitted with an inductive proximity sensor. To reduce choking and bridging of seeds at the hopper outlet, agitation was made by rotating a rod in the hopper. The performance of the developed metering mechanism was evaluated using a grease belt. The effect of main operating parameters—forward speed (0.7, 1, and 1.3 km/h), metering plate hole diameter (9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 mm), and speed of the agitator (20, 40, and 60 rpm)—on the performance of the seed metering mechanism was studied in terms of missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index, mean hill spacing, coefficient of hill distribution uniformity, and coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hills. Results The multiple index was found to be 0% in all the treatments. No visible damaged seed was found in any treatment. By applying response surface method, the optimum operating condition was found to be 0.84 km/h forward speed, 11.18-mm hole diameter, and 37.37-rpm agitation speed. The missing index, multiple index, quality of feed index, mean hill spacing, coefficient of hill distribution uniformity, and coefficient of seed dropping uniformity in hills at an optimized operating condition were obtained as 6.25%, 0%, 93.75%, 23.5 cm, 90.32%, and 65.22%, respectively. The frequency of occurrence of 3 to 5 seeds per hill was found in 64.8% of the solenoid strokes. The germination percentage of hill drop seeds was 91%. Conclusions Test results showed that the seed rate variation was much lower than drum seeder, and the number of seeds dropped per hill was closer to the pneumatic rice seeder. © The Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2021 |
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Laboratory Evaluation of a Solenoid-Operated Hill Dropping Seed Metering Mechanism for Pre-germinated Paddy Seeds |
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42853-021-00124-8 |
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Raheman, Hifjur |
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10.1007/s42853-021-00124-8 |
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2024-07-03T22:13:44.977Z |
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| score |
7.3992643 |