Ultra-high resolution mapping of reverse typical atrial flutter: electrophysiological properties of a right atrial posterior wall and interatrial septum activation pattern

Purpose We aimed to elucidate the right atrial posterior wall (RAPW) and interatrial septum (IAS) conduction pattern during reverse typical atrial flutter (clockwise AFL: CW-AFL). Methods This study included 30 patients who underwent catheter ablation of CW-AFL (n = 11) and counter-clockwise AFL (CC...
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Autor*in:	Sekihara, Takayuki [verfasserIn] Miyazaki, Shinsuke Nagao, Moeko Kakehashi, Shota Mukai, Moe Aoyama, Daisetsu Nodera, Minoru Eguchi, Tomoya Hasegawa, Kanae Uzui, Hiroyasu Tada, Hiroshi

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	Reverse typical atrial flutter Typical atrial flutter Ultra-high resolution mapping

Anmerkung:	© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology - Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1997, 63(2021), 2 vom: 08. Mai, Seite 333-339
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:63 ; year:2021 ; number:2 ; day:08 ; month:05 ; pages:333-339

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s10840-021-01003-0

Katalog-ID:	SPR046674039

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100	1		\|a Sekihara, Takayuki \|e verfasserin \|0 (orcid)0000-0001-9191-7153 \|4 aut
245	1	0	\|a Ultra-high resolution mapping of reverse typical atrial flutter: electrophysiological properties of a right atrial posterior wall and interatrial septum activation pattern
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520			\|a Purpose We aimed to elucidate the right atrial posterior wall (RAPW) and interatrial septum (IAS) conduction pattern during reverse typical atrial flutter (clockwise AFL: CW-AFL). Methods This study included 30 patients who underwent catheter ablation of CW-AFL (n = 11) and counter-clockwise AFL (CCW-AFL; n = 19) using an ultra-high resolution mapping system. RAPW transverse conduction block was evaluated by the conduction pattern on propagation maps and double potentials separated by an isoelectric line. The degree of blockade was evaluated by the %blockade, which was calculated by the length of the blocked area divided by the RAPW length. IAS activation patterns were also investigated dependent on the propagation map. Results The average %blockade of the RAPW was significantly smaller in patients with CW-AFL than those with CCW-AFL (25 [3–74]% vs. 67 [57–75]%, p < 0.05). CW-AFL patients exhibited 3 different RAPW conduction patterns: (1) a complete blockade pattern (3 patients), (2) moderate (> 25% blockade) blockade pattern (2 patients), and (3) little (< 25% blockade) blockade pattern (6 patients). In contrast, the little blockade pattern was not observed in CCW-AFL patients. Of 11 CW-AFL patients, 4, including all patients with an RAPW complete blockade pattern, had an IAS activation from the wavefront from the anterior tricuspid annulus (TA), and 6 had an IAS activation from the wavefronts from both the anterior TA and RAPW. One patient had IAS activation dominantly from the wavefront from the RAPW. Conclusions RAPW transverse conduction blockade during CW-AFL was less frequent than during CCW-AFL, which possibly caused various IAS activation patterns.
650		4	\|a Reverse typical atrial flutter \|7 (dpeaa)DE-He213
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700	1		\|a Tada, Hiroshi \|4 aut
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allfields	10.1007/s10840-021-01003-0 doi (DE-627)SPR046674039 (SPR)s10840-021-01003-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Sekihara, Takayuki verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-9191-7153 aut Ultra-high resolution mapping of reverse typical atrial flutter: electrophysiological properties of a right atrial posterior wall and interatrial septum activation pattern 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021 Purpose We aimed to elucidate the right atrial posterior wall (RAPW) and interatrial septum (IAS) conduction pattern during reverse typical atrial flutter (clockwise AFL: CW-AFL). Methods This study included 30 patients who underwent catheter ablation of CW-AFL (n = 11) and counter-clockwise AFL (CCW-AFL; n = 19) using an ultra-high resolution mapping system. RAPW transverse conduction block was evaluated by the conduction pattern on propagation maps and double potentials separated by an isoelectric line. The degree of blockade was evaluated by the %blockade, which was calculated by the length of the blocked area divided by the RAPW length. IAS activation patterns were also investigated dependent on the propagation map. Results The average %blockade of the RAPW was significantly smaller in patients with CW-AFL than those with CCW-AFL (25 [3–74]% vs. 67 [57–75]%, p < 0.05). CW-AFL patients exhibited 3 different RAPW conduction patterns: (1) a complete blockade pattern (3 patients), (2) moderate (> 25% blockade) blockade pattern (2 patients), and (3) little (< 25% blockade) blockade pattern (6 patients). In contrast, the little blockade pattern was not observed in CCW-AFL patients. Of 11 CW-AFL patients, 4, including all patients with an RAPW complete blockade pattern, had an IAS activation from the wavefront from the anterior tricuspid annulus (TA), and 6 had an IAS activation from the wavefronts from both the anterior TA and RAPW. One patient had IAS activation dominantly from the wavefront from the RAPW. Conclusions RAPW transverse conduction blockade during CW-AFL was less frequent than during CCW-AFL, which possibly caused various IAS activation patterns. Reverse typical atrial flutter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Typical atrial flutter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ultra-high resolution mapping (dpeaa)DE-He213 Miyazaki, Shinsuke aut Nagao, Moeko aut Kakehashi, Shota aut Mukai, Moe aut Aoyama, Daisetsu aut Nodera, Minoru aut Eguchi, Tomoya aut Hasegawa, Kanae aut Uzui, Hiroyasu aut Tada, Hiroshi aut Enthalten in Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1997 63(2021), 2 vom: 08. Mai, Seite 333-339 (DE-627)320457869 (DE-600)2006887-6 1572-8595 nnns volume:63 year:2021 number:2 day:08 month:05 pages:333-339 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10840-021-01003-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 63 2021 2 08 05 333-339
spelling	10.1007/s10840-021-01003-0 doi (DE-627)SPR046674039 (SPR)s10840-021-01003-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Sekihara, Takayuki verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-9191-7153 aut Ultra-high resolution mapping of reverse typical atrial flutter: electrophysiological properties of a right atrial posterior wall and interatrial septum activation pattern 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021 Purpose We aimed to elucidate the right atrial posterior wall (RAPW) and interatrial septum (IAS) conduction pattern during reverse typical atrial flutter (clockwise AFL: CW-AFL). Methods This study included 30 patients who underwent catheter ablation of CW-AFL (n = 11) and counter-clockwise AFL (CCW-AFL; n = 19) using an ultra-high resolution mapping system. RAPW transverse conduction block was evaluated by the conduction pattern on propagation maps and double potentials separated by an isoelectric line. The degree of blockade was evaluated by the %blockade, which was calculated by the length of the blocked area divided by the RAPW length. IAS activation patterns were also investigated dependent on the propagation map. Results The average %blockade of the RAPW was significantly smaller in patients with CW-AFL than those with CCW-AFL (25 [3–74]% vs. 67 [57–75]%, p < 0.05). CW-AFL patients exhibited 3 different RAPW conduction patterns: (1) a complete blockade pattern (3 patients), (2) moderate (> 25% blockade) blockade pattern (2 patients), and (3) little (< 25% blockade) blockade pattern (6 patients). In contrast, the little blockade pattern was not observed in CCW-AFL patients. Of 11 CW-AFL patients, 4, including all patients with an RAPW complete blockade pattern, had an IAS activation from the wavefront from the anterior tricuspid annulus (TA), and 6 had an IAS activation from the wavefronts from both the anterior TA and RAPW. One patient had IAS activation dominantly from the wavefront from the RAPW. Conclusions RAPW transverse conduction blockade during CW-AFL was less frequent than during CCW-AFL, which possibly caused various IAS activation patterns. Reverse typical atrial flutter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Typical atrial flutter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ultra-high resolution mapping (dpeaa)DE-He213 Miyazaki, Shinsuke aut Nagao, Moeko aut Kakehashi, Shota aut Mukai, Moe aut Aoyama, Daisetsu aut Nodera, Minoru aut Eguchi, Tomoya aut Hasegawa, Kanae aut Uzui, Hiroyasu aut Tada, Hiroshi aut Enthalten in Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1997 63(2021), 2 vom: 08. Mai, Seite 333-339 (DE-627)320457869 (DE-600)2006887-6 1572-8595 nnns volume:63 year:2021 number:2 day:08 month:05 pages:333-339 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10840-021-01003-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 63 2021 2 08 05 333-339
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s10840-021-01003-0 doi (DE-627)SPR046674039 (SPR)s10840-021-01003-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Sekihara, Takayuki verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-9191-7153 aut Ultra-high resolution mapping of reverse typical atrial flutter: electrophysiological properties of a right atrial posterior wall and interatrial septum activation pattern 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021 Purpose We aimed to elucidate the right atrial posterior wall (RAPW) and interatrial septum (IAS) conduction pattern during reverse typical atrial flutter (clockwise AFL: CW-AFL). Methods This study included 30 patients who underwent catheter ablation of CW-AFL (n = 11) and counter-clockwise AFL (CCW-AFL; n = 19) using an ultra-high resolution mapping system. RAPW transverse conduction block was evaluated by the conduction pattern on propagation maps and double potentials separated by an isoelectric line. The degree of blockade was evaluated by the %blockade, which was calculated by the length of the blocked area divided by the RAPW length. IAS activation patterns were also investigated dependent on the propagation map. Results The average %blockade of the RAPW was significantly smaller in patients with CW-AFL than those with CCW-AFL (25 [3–74]% vs. 67 [57–75]%, p < 0.05). CW-AFL patients exhibited 3 different RAPW conduction patterns: (1) a complete blockade pattern (3 patients), (2) moderate (> 25% blockade) blockade pattern (2 patients), and (3) little (< 25% blockade) blockade pattern (6 patients). In contrast, the little blockade pattern was not observed in CCW-AFL patients. Of 11 CW-AFL patients, 4, including all patients with an RAPW complete blockade pattern, had an IAS activation from the wavefront from the anterior tricuspid annulus (TA), and 6 had an IAS activation from the wavefronts from both the anterior TA and RAPW. One patient had IAS activation dominantly from the wavefront from the RAPW. Conclusions RAPW transverse conduction blockade during CW-AFL was less frequent than during CCW-AFL, which possibly caused various IAS activation patterns. Reverse typical atrial flutter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Typical atrial flutter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ultra-high resolution mapping (dpeaa)DE-He213 Miyazaki, Shinsuke aut Nagao, Moeko aut Kakehashi, Shota aut Mukai, Moe aut Aoyama, Daisetsu aut Nodera, Minoru aut Eguchi, Tomoya aut Hasegawa, Kanae aut Uzui, Hiroyasu aut Tada, Hiroshi aut Enthalten in Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1997 63(2021), 2 vom: 08. Mai, Seite 333-339 (DE-627)320457869 (DE-600)2006887-6 1572-8595 nnns volume:63 year:2021 number:2 day:08 month:05 pages:333-339 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10840-021-01003-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 63 2021 2 08 05 333-339
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s10840-021-01003-0 doi (DE-627)SPR046674039 (SPR)s10840-021-01003-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Sekihara, Takayuki verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-9191-7153 aut Ultra-high resolution mapping of reverse typical atrial flutter: electrophysiological properties of a right atrial posterior wall and interatrial septum activation pattern 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021 Purpose We aimed to elucidate the right atrial posterior wall (RAPW) and interatrial septum (IAS) conduction pattern during reverse typical atrial flutter (clockwise AFL: CW-AFL). Methods This study included 30 patients who underwent catheter ablation of CW-AFL (n = 11) and counter-clockwise AFL (CCW-AFL; n = 19) using an ultra-high resolution mapping system. RAPW transverse conduction block was evaluated by the conduction pattern on propagation maps and double potentials separated by an isoelectric line. The degree of blockade was evaluated by the %blockade, which was calculated by the length of the blocked area divided by the RAPW length. IAS activation patterns were also investigated dependent on the propagation map. Results The average %blockade of the RAPW was significantly smaller in patients with CW-AFL than those with CCW-AFL (25 [3–74]% vs. 67 [57–75]%, p < 0.05). CW-AFL patients exhibited 3 different RAPW conduction patterns: (1) a complete blockade pattern (3 patients), (2) moderate (> 25% blockade) blockade pattern (2 patients), and (3) little (< 25% blockade) blockade pattern (6 patients). In contrast, the little blockade pattern was not observed in CCW-AFL patients. Of 11 CW-AFL patients, 4, including all patients with an RAPW complete blockade pattern, had an IAS activation from the wavefront from the anterior tricuspid annulus (TA), and 6 had an IAS activation from the wavefronts from both the anterior TA and RAPW. One patient had IAS activation dominantly from the wavefront from the RAPW. Conclusions RAPW transverse conduction blockade during CW-AFL was less frequent than during CCW-AFL, which possibly caused various IAS activation patterns. Reverse typical atrial flutter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Typical atrial flutter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ultra-high resolution mapping (dpeaa)DE-He213 Miyazaki, Shinsuke aut Nagao, Moeko aut Kakehashi, Shota aut Mukai, Moe aut Aoyama, Daisetsu aut Nodera, Minoru aut Eguchi, Tomoya aut Hasegawa, Kanae aut Uzui, Hiroyasu aut Tada, Hiroshi aut Enthalten in Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1997 63(2021), 2 vom: 08. Mai, Seite 333-339 (DE-627)320457869 (DE-600)2006887-6 1572-8595 nnns volume:63 year:2021 number:2 day:08 month:05 pages:333-339 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10840-021-01003-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 63 2021 2 08 05 333-339
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s10840-021-01003-0 doi (DE-627)SPR046674039 (SPR)s10840-021-01003-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Sekihara, Takayuki verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-9191-7153 aut Ultra-high resolution mapping of reverse typical atrial flutter: electrophysiological properties of a right atrial posterior wall and interatrial septum activation pattern 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021 Purpose We aimed to elucidate the right atrial posterior wall (RAPW) and interatrial septum (IAS) conduction pattern during reverse typical atrial flutter (clockwise AFL: CW-AFL). Methods This study included 30 patients who underwent catheter ablation of CW-AFL (n = 11) and counter-clockwise AFL (CCW-AFL; n = 19) using an ultra-high resolution mapping system. RAPW transverse conduction block was evaluated by the conduction pattern on propagation maps and double potentials separated by an isoelectric line. The degree of blockade was evaluated by the %blockade, which was calculated by the length of the blocked area divided by the RAPW length. IAS activation patterns were also investigated dependent on the propagation map. Results The average %blockade of the RAPW was significantly smaller in patients with CW-AFL than those with CCW-AFL (25 [3–74]% vs. 67 [57–75]%, p < 0.05). CW-AFL patients exhibited 3 different RAPW conduction patterns: (1) a complete blockade pattern (3 patients), (2) moderate (> 25% blockade) blockade pattern (2 patients), and (3) little (< 25% blockade) blockade pattern (6 patients). In contrast, the little blockade pattern was not observed in CCW-AFL patients. Of 11 CW-AFL patients, 4, including all patients with an RAPW complete blockade pattern, had an IAS activation from the wavefront from the anterior tricuspid annulus (TA), and 6 had an IAS activation from the wavefronts from both the anterior TA and RAPW. One patient had IAS activation dominantly from the wavefront from the RAPW. Conclusions RAPW transverse conduction blockade during CW-AFL was less frequent than during CCW-AFL, which possibly caused various IAS activation patterns. Reverse typical atrial flutter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Typical atrial flutter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ultra-high resolution mapping (dpeaa)DE-He213 Miyazaki, Shinsuke aut Nagao, Moeko aut Kakehashi, Shota aut Mukai, Moe aut Aoyama, Daisetsu aut Nodera, Minoru aut Eguchi, Tomoya aut Hasegawa, Kanae aut Uzui, Hiroyasu aut Tada, Hiroshi aut Enthalten in Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1997 63(2021), 2 vom: 08. Mai, Seite 333-339 (DE-627)320457869 (DE-600)2006887-6 1572-8595 nnns volume:63 year:2021 number:2 day:08 month:05 pages:333-339 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10840-021-01003-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 63 2021 2 08 05 333-339
language	English
source	Enthalten in Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology 63(2021), 2 vom: 08. Mai, Seite 333-339 volume:63 year:2021 number:2 day:08 month:05 pages:333-339
sourceStr	Enthalten in Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology 63(2021), 2 vom: 08. Mai, Seite 333-339 volume:63 year:2021 number:2 day:08 month:05 pages:333-339
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Reverse typical atrial flutter Typical atrial flutter Ultra-high resolution mapping
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Sekihara, Takayuki @@aut@@ Miyazaki, Shinsuke @@aut@@ Nagao, Moeko @@aut@@ Kakehashi, Shota @@aut@@ Mukai, Moe @@aut@@ Aoyama, Daisetsu @@aut@@ Nodera, Minoru @@aut@@ Eguchi, Tomoya @@aut@@ Hasegawa, Kanae @@aut@@ Uzui, Hiroyasu @@aut@@ Tada, Hiroshi @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2021-05-08T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	320457869
id	SPR046674039
language_de	englisch
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Methods This study included 30 patients who underwent catheter ablation of CW-AFL (n = 11) and counter-clockwise AFL (CCW-AFL; n = 19) using an ultra-high resolution mapping system. RAPW transverse conduction block was evaluated by the conduction pattern on propagation maps and double potentials separated by an isoelectric line. The degree of blockade was evaluated by the %blockade, which was calculated by the length of the blocked area divided by the RAPW length. IAS activation patterns were also investigated dependent on the propagation map. Results The average %blockade of the RAPW was significantly smaller in patients with CW-AFL than those with CCW-AFL (25 [3–74]% vs. 67 [57–75]%, p < 0.05). CW-AFL patients exhibited 3 different RAPW conduction patterns: (1) a complete blockade pattern (3 patients), (2) moderate (> 25% blockade) blockade pattern (2 patients), and (3) little (< 25% blockade) blockade pattern (6 patients). In contrast, the little blockade pattern was not observed in CCW-AFL patients. Of 11 CW-AFL patients, 4, including all patients with an RAPW complete blockade pattern, had an IAS activation from the wavefront from the anterior tricuspid annulus (TA), and 6 had an IAS activation from the wavefronts from both the anterior TA and RAPW. One patient had IAS activation dominantly from the wavefront from the RAPW. Conclusions RAPW transverse conduction blockade during CW-AFL was less frequent than during CCW-AFL, which possibly caused various IAS activation patterns.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Reverse typical atrial flutter</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Typical atrial flutter</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Ultra-high resolution mapping</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Miyazaki, Shinsuke</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Nagao, Moeko</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kakehashi, Shota</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Mukai, Moe</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Aoyama, Daisetsu</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Nodera, Minoru</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Eguchi, Tomoya</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Hasegawa, Kanae</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Uzui, Hiroyasu</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Tada, Hiroshi</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology</subfield><subfield code="d">Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1997</subfield><subfield code="g">63(2021), 2 vom: 08. 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author	Sekihara, Takayuki
spellingShingle	Sekihara, Takayuki misc Reverse typical atrial flutter misc Typical atrial flutter misc Ultra-high resolution mapping Ultra-high resolution mapping of reverse typical atrial flutter: electrophysiological properties of a right atrial posterior wall and interatrial septum activation pattern
authorStr	Sekihara, Takayuki
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topic_title	Ultra-high resolution mapping of reverse typical atrial flutter: electrophysiological properties of a right atrial posterior wall and interatrial septum activation pattern Reverse typical atrial flutter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Typical atrial flutter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ultra-high resolution mapping (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Reverse typical atrial flutter misc Typical atrial flutter misc Ultra-high resolution mapping
topic_unstemmed	misc Reverse typical atrial flutter misc Typical atrial flutter misc Ultra-high resolution mapping
topic_browse	misc Reverse typical atrial flutter misc Typical atrial flutter misc Ultra-high resolution mapping
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title	Ultra-high resolution mapping of reverse typical atrial flutter: electrophysiological properties of a right atrial posterior wall and interatrial septum activation pattern
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title_full	Ultra-high resolution mapping of reverse typical atrial flutter: electrophysiological properties of a right atrial posterior wall and interatrial septum activation pattern
author_sort	Sekihara, Takayuki
journal	Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology
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author_browse	Sekihara, Takayuki Miyazaki, Shinsuke Nagao, Moeko Kakehashi, Shota Mukai, Moe Aoyama, Daisetsu Nodera, Minoru Eguchi, Tomoya Hasegawa, Kanae Uzui, Hiroyasu Tada, Hiroshi
container_volume	63
format_se	Elektronische Aufsätze
author-letter	Sekihara, Takayuki
doi_str_mv	10.1007/s10840-021-01003-0
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title_sort	ultra-high resolution mapping of reverse typical atrial flutter: electrophysiological properties of a right atrial posterior wall and interatrial septum activation pattern
title_auth	Ultra-high resolution mapping of reverse typical atrial flutter: electrophysiological properties of a right atrial posterior wall and interatrial septum activation pattern
abstract	Purpose We aimed to elucidate the right atrial posterior wall (RAPW) and interatrial septum (IAS) conduction pattern during reverse typical atrial flutter (clockwise AFL: CW-AFL). Methods This study included 30 patients who underwent catheter ablation of CW-AFL (n = 11) and counter-clockwise AFL (CCW-AFL; n = 19) using an ultra-high resolution mapping system. RAPW transverse conduction block was evaluated by the conduction pattern on propagation maps and double potentials separated by an isoelectric line. The degree of blockade was evaluated by the %blockade, which was calculated by the length of the blocked area divided by the RAPW length. IAS activation patterns were also investigated dependent on the propagation map. Results The average %blockade of the RAPW was significantly smaller in patients with CW-AFL than those with CCW-AFL (25 [3–74]% vs. 67 [57–75]%, p < 0.05). CW-AFL patients exhibited 3 different RAPW conduction patterns: (1) a complete blockade pattern (3 patients), (2) moderate (> 25% blockade) blockade pattern (2 patients), and (3) little (< 25% blockade) blockade pattern (6 patients). In contrast, the little blockade pattern was not observed in CCW-AFL patients. Of 11 CW-AFL patients, 4, including all patients with an RAPW complete blockade pattern, had an IAS activation from the wavefront from the anterior tricuspid annulus (TA), and 6 had an IAS activation from the wavefronts from both the anterior TA and RAPW. One patient had IAS activation dominantly from the wavefront from the RAPW. Conclusions RAPW transverse conduction blockade during CW-AFL was less frequent than during CCW-AFL, which possibly caused various IAS activation patterns. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021
abstractGer	Purpose We aimed to elucidate the right atrial posterior wall (RAPW) and interatrial septum (IAS) conduction pattern during reverse typical atrial flutter (clockwise AFL: CW-AFL). Methods This study included 30 patients who underwent catheter ablation of CW-AFL (n = 11) and counter-clockwise AFL (CCW-AFL; n = 19) using an ultra-high resolution mapping system. RAPW transverse conduction block was evaluated by the conduction pattern on propagation maps and double potentials separated by an isoelectric line. The degree of blockade was evaluated by the %blockade, which was calculated by the length of the blocked area divided by the RAPW length. IAS activation patterns were also investigated dependent on the propagation map. Results The average %blockade of the RAPW was significantly smaller in patients with CW-AFL than those with CCW-AFL (25 [3–74]% vs. 67 [57–75]%, p < 0.05). CW-AFL patients exhibited 3 different RAPW conduction patterns: (1) a complete blockade pattern (3 patients), (2) moderate (> 25% blockade) blockade pattern (2 patients), and (3) little (< 25% blockade) blockade pattern (6 patients). In contrast, the little blockade pattern was not observed in CCW-AFL patients. Of 11 CW-AFL patients, 4, including all patients with an RAPW complete blockade pattern, had an IAS activation from the wavefront from the anterior tricuspid annulus (TA), and 6 had an IAS activation from the wavefronts from both the anterior TA and RAPW. One patient had IAS activation dominantly from the wavefront from the RAPW. Conclusions RAPW transverse conduction blockade during CW-AFL was less frequent than during CCW-AFL, which possibly caused various IAS activation patterns. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021
abstract_unstemmed	Purpose We aimed to elucidate the right atrial posterior wall (RAPW) and interatrial septum (IAS) conduction pattern during reverse typical atrial flutter (clockwise AFL: CW-AFL). Methods This study included 30 patients who underwent catheter ablation of CW-AFL (n = 11) and counter-clockwise AFL (CCW-AFL; n = 19) using an ultra-high resolution mapping system. RAPW transverse conduction block was evaluated by the conduction pattern on propagation maps and double potentials separated by an isoelectric line. The degree of blockade was evaluated by the %blockade, which was calculated by the length of the blocked area divided by the RAPW length. IAS activation patterns were also investigated dependent on the propagation map. Results The average %blockade of the RAPW was significantly smaller in patients with CW-AFL than those with CCW-AFL (25 [3–74]% vs. 67 [57–75]%, p < 0.05). CW-AFL patients exhibited 3 different RAPW conduction patterns: (1) a complete blockade pattern (3 patients), (2) moderate (> 25% blockade) blockade pattern (2 patients), and (3) little (< 25% blockade) blockade pattern (6 patients). In contrast, the little blockade pattern was not observed in CCW-AFL patients. Of 11 CW-AFL patients, 4, including all patients with an RAPW complete blockade pattern, had an IAS activation from the wavefront from the anterior tricuspid annulus (TA), and 6 had an IAS activation from the wavefronts from both the anterior TA and RAPW. One patient had IAS activation dominantly from the wavefront from the RAPW. Conclusions RAPW transverse conduction blockade during CW-AFL was less frequent than during CCW-AFL, which possibly caused various IAS activation patterns. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021
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title_short	Ultra-high resolution mapping of reverse typical atrial flutter: electrophysiological properties of a right atrial posterior wall and interatrial septum activation pattern
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10840-021-01003-0
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author2	Miyazaki, Shinsuke Nagao, Moeko Kakehashi, Shota Mukai, Moe Aoyama, Daisetsu Nodera, Minoru Eguchi, Tomoya Hasegawa, Kanae Uzui, Hiroyasu Tada, Hiroshi
author2Str	Miyazaki, Shinsuke Nagao, Moeko Kakehashi, Shota Mukai, Moe Aoyama, Daisetsu Nodera, Minoru Eguchi, Tomoya Hasegawa, Kanae Uzui, Hiroyasu Tada, Hiroshi
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doi_str	10.1007/s10840-021-01003-0
up_date	2024-07-03T23:51:15.782Z
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Methods This study included 30 patients who underwent catheter ablation of CW-AFL (n = 11) and counter-clockwise AFL (CCW-AFL; n = 19) using an ultra-high resolution mapping system. RAPW transverse conduction block was evaluated by the conduction pattern on propagation maps and double potentials separated by an isoelectric line. The degree of blockade was evaluated by the %blockade, which was calculated by the length of the blocked area divided by the RAPW length. IAS activation patterns were also investigated dependent on the propagation map. Results The average %blockade of the RAPW was significantly smaller in patients with CW-AFL than those with CCW-AFL (25 [3–74]% vs. 67 [57–75]%, p < 0.05). CW-AFL patients exhibited 3 different RAPW conduction patterns: (1) a complete blockade pattern (3 patients), (2) moderate (> 25% blockade) blockade pattern (2 patients), and (3) little (< 25% blockade) blockade pattern (6 patients). 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Ultra-high resolution mapping of reverse typical atrial flutter: electrophysiological properties of a right atrial posterior wall and interatrial septum activation pattern

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