RT-HIL verification of FPGA-based communication-assisted adaptive relay for microgrid protection

Abstract Microgrids (MGs) are low-to-medium voltage networks that consist of local loads, distributed generators (DGs), renewables and storage elements. It operates either in stand-alone mode or grid-connected mode when connected to the utility grid. The amount of the fault current in grid-connected...
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Autor*in:	Kumar, Praveen [verfasserIn] Kumar, Vishal Pratap, Rajendra

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	Microgrid Protection Overcurrent relay Adaptive relay FPGA

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Electrical engineering - Berlin : Springer, 1912, 104(2021), 3 vom: 01. Sept., Seite 1277-1287
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:104 ; year:2021 ; number:3 ; day:01 ; month:09 ; pages:1277-1287

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s00202-021-01387-2

Katalog-ID:	SPR047010495

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520			\|a Abstract Microgrids (MGs) are low-to-medium voltage networks that consist of local loads, distributed generators (DGs), renewables and storage elements. It operates either in stand-alone mode or grid-connected mode when connected to the utility grid. The amount of the fault current in grid-connected mode is higher than that of the autonomous mode of operation. To mitigate the effect of fault current for the protection of the MG, the threshold setting of the overcurrent relay as per the operating mode is a critical challenge. In this article, a prototype of a communication-assisted adaptive relay (CAAR) is developed on a field-programmable gate array, i.e., FPGA. The CAAR can adapt the threshold settings of the relay as per the operating modes of the MG. The status of these modes and the working status of the DGs are communicated through the wireless network using nRF24L01 wireless radio transceiver that supports Enhanced ShockBurst protocol. Performances of the prototype have been verified as hardware-in-loop with the MG test system developed in the real-time digital simulator. Various test cases, i.e., operating modes of the MG, under various fault conditions, and relay coordination are considered to validate the performance of the developed CAAR’s prototype to ensure the accurate operation and protection of the MG.
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_161
912			\|a GBV_ILN_170
912			\|a GBV_ILN_171
912			\|a GBV_ILN_187
912			\|a GBV_ILN_206
912			\|a GBV_ILN_213
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_267
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_370
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_2048
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_2106
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_2110
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allfields	10.1007/s00202-021-01387-2 doi (DE-627)SPR047010495 (SPR)s00202-021-01387-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kumar, Praveen verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-2751-9040 aut RT-HIL verification of FPGA-based communication-assisted adaptive relay for microgrid protection 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Microgrids (MGs) are low-to-medium voltage networks that consist of local loads, distributed generators (DGs), renewables and storage elements. It operates either in stand-alone mode or grid-connected mode when connected to the utility grid. The amount of the fault current in grid-connected mode is higher than that of the autonomous mode of operation. To mitigate the effect of fault current for the protection of the MG, the threshold setting of the overcurrent relay as per the operating mode is a critical challenge. In this article, a prototype of a communication-assisted adaptive relay (CAAR) is developed on a field-programmable gate array, i.e., FPGA. The CAAR can adapt the threshold settings of the relay as per the operating modes of the MG. The status of these modes and the working status of the DGs are communicated through the wireless network using nRF24L01 wireless radio transceiver that supports Enhanced ShockBurst protocol. Performances of the prototype have been verified as hardware-in-loop with the MG test system developed in the real-time digital simulator. Various test cases, i.e., operating modes of the MG, under various fault conditions, and relay coordination are considered to validate the performance of the developed CAAR’s prototype to ensure the accurate operation and protection of the MG. Microgrid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Protection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overcurrent relay (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adaptive relay (dpeaa)DE-He213 FPGA (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kumar, Vishal aut Pratap, Rajendra aut Enthalten in Electrical engineering Berlin : Springer, 1912 104(2021), 3 vom: 01. Sept., Seite 1277-1287 (DE-627)27159926X (DE-600)1480921-7 1432-0487 nnns volume:104 year:2021 number:3 day:01 month:09 pages:1277-1287 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00202-021-01387-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 104 2021 3 01 09 1277-1287
spelling	10.1007/s00202-021-01387-2 doi (DE-627)SPR047010495 (SPR)s00202-021-01387-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kumar, Praveen verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-2751-9040 aut RT-HIL verification of FPGA-based communication-assisted adaptive relay for microgrid protection 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Microgrids (MGs) are low-to-medium voltage networks that consist of local loads, distributed generators (DGs), renewables and storage elements. It operates either in stand-alone mode or grid-connected mode when connected to the utility grid. The amount of the fault current in grid-connected mode is higher than that of the autonomous mode of operation. To mitigate the effect of fault current for the protection of the MG, the threshold setting of the overcurrent relay as per the operating mode is a critical challenge. In this article, a prototype of a communication-assisted adaptive relay (CAAR) is developed on a field-programmable gate array, i.e., FPGA. The CAAR can adapt the threshold settings of the relay as per the operating modes of the MG. The status of these modes and the working status of the DGs are communicated through the wireless network using nRF24L01 wireless radio transceiver that supports Enhanced ShockBurst protocol. Performances of the prototype have been verified as hardware-in-loop with the MG test system developed in the real-time digital simulator. Various test cases, i.e., operating modes of the MG, under various fault conditions, and relay coordination are considered to validate the performance of the developed CAAR’s prototype to ensure the accurate operation and protection of the MG. Microgrid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Protection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overcurrent relay (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adaptive relay (dpeaa)DE-He213 FPGA (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kumar, Vishal aut Pratap, Rajendra aut Enthalten in Electrical engineering Berlin : Springer, 1912 104(2021), 3 vom: 01. Sept., Seite 1277-1287 (DE-627)27159926X (DE-600)1480921-7 1432-0487 nnns volume:104 year:2021 number:3 day:01 month:09 pages:1277-1287 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00202-021-01387-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 104 2021 3 01 09 1277-1287
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s00202-021-01387-2 doi (DE-627)SPR047010495 (SPR)s00202-021-01387-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kumar, Praveen verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-2751-9040 aut RT-HIL verification of FPGA-based communication-assisted adaptive relay for microgrid protection 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Microgrids (MGs) are low-to-medium voltage networks that consist of local loads, distributed generators (DGs), renewables and storage elements. It operates either in stand-alone mode or grid-connected mode when connected to the utility grid. The amount of the fault current in grid-connected mode is higher than that of the autonomous mode of operation. To mitigate the effect of fault current for the protection of the MG, the threshold setting of the overcurrent relay as per the operating mode is a critical challenge. In this article, a prototype of a communication-assisted adaptive relay (CAAR) is developed on a field-programmable gate array, i.e., FPGA. The CAAR can adapt the threshold settings of the relay as per the operating modes of the MG. The status of these modes and the working status of the DGs are communicated through the wireless network using nRF24L01 wireless radio transceiver that supports Enhanced ShockBurst protocol. Performances of the prototype have been verified as hardware-in-loop with the MG test system developed in the real-time digital simulator. Various test cases, i.e., operating modes of the MG, under various fault conditions, and relay coordination are considered to validate the performance of the developed CAAR’s prototype to ensure the accurate operation and protection of the MG. Microgrid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Protection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overcurrent relay (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adaptive relay (dpeaa)DE-He213 FPGA (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kumar, Vishal aut Pratap, Rajendra aut Enthalten in Electrical engineering Berlin : Springer, 1912 104(2021), 3 vom: 01. Sept., Seite 1277-1287 (DE-627)27159926X (DE-600)1480921-7 1432-0487 nnns volume:104 year:2021 number:3 day:01 month:09 pages:1277-1287 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00202-021-01387-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 104 2021 3 01 09 1277-1287
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s00202-021-01387-2 doi (DE-627)SPR047010495 (SPR)s00202-021-01387-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kumar, Praveen verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-2751-9040 aut RT-HIL verification of FPGA-based communication-assisted adaptive relay for microgrid protection 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Microgrids (MGs) are low-to-medium voltage networks that consist of local loads, distributed generators (DGs), renewables and storage elements. It operates either in stand-alone mode or grid-connected mode when connected to the utility grid. The amount of the fault current in grid-connected mode is higher than that of the autonomous mode of operation. To mitigate the effect of fault current for the protection of the MG, the threshold setting of the overcurrent relay as per the operating mode is a critical challenge. In this article, a prototype of a communication-assisted adaptive relay (CAAR) is developed on a field-programmable gate array, i.e., FPGA. The CAAR can adapt the threshold settings of the relay as per the operating modes of the MG. The status of these modes and the working status of the DGs are communicated through the wireless network using nRF24L01 wireless radio transceiver that supports Enhanced ShockBurst protocol. Performances of the prototype have been verified as hardware-in-loop with the MG test system developed in the real-time digital simulator. Various test cases, i.e., operating modes of the MG, under various fault conditions, and relay coordination are considered to validate the performance of the developed CAAR’s prototype to ensure the accurate operation and protection of the MG. Microgrid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Protection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overcurrent relay (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adaptive relay (dpeaa)DE-He213 FPGA (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kumar, Vishal aut Pratap, Rajendra aut Enthalten in Electrical engineering Berlin : Springer, 1912 104(2021), 3 vom: 01. Sept., Seite 1277-1287 (DE-627)27159926X (DE-600)1480921-7 1432-0487 nnns volume:104 year:2021 number:3 day:01 month:09 pages:1277-1287 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00202-021-01387-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 104 2021 3 01 09 1277-1287
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s00202-021-01387-2 doi (DE-627)SPR047010495 (SPR)s00202-021-01387-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kumar, Praveen verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-2751-9040 aut RT-HIL verification of FPGA-based communication-assisted adaptive relay for microgrid protection 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Microgrids (MGs) are low-to-medium voltage networks that consist of local loads, distributed generators (DGs), renewables and storage elements. It operates either in stand-alone mode or grid-connected mode when connected to the utility grid. The amount of the fault current in grid-connected mode is higher than that of the autonomous mode of operation. To mitigate the effect of fault current for the protection of the MG, the threshold setting of the overcurrent relay as per the operating mode is a critical challenge. In this article, a prototype of a communication-assisted adaptive relay (CAAR) is developed on a field-programmable gate array, i.e., FPGA. The CAAR can adapt the threshold settings of the relay as per the operating modes of the MG. The status of these modes and the working status of the DGs are communicated through the wireless network using nRF24L01 wireless radio transceiver that supports Enhanced ShockBurst protocol. Performances of the prototype have been verified as hardware-in-loop with the MG test system developed in the real-time digital simulator. Various test cases, i.e., operating modes of the MG, under various fault conditions, and relay coordination are considered to validate the performance of the developed CAAR’s prototype to ensure the accurate operation and protection of the MG. Microgrid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Protection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overcurrent relay (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adaptive relay (dpeaa)DE-He213 FPGA (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kumar, Vishal aut Pratap, Rajendra aut Enthalten in Electrical engineering Berlin : Springer, 1912 104(2021), 3 vom: 01. Sept., Seite 1277-1287 (DE-627)27159926X (DE-600)1480921-7 1432-0487 nnns volume:104 year:2021 number:3 day:01 month:09 pages:1277-1287 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00202-021-01387-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 104 2021 3 01 09 1277-1287
language	English
source	Enthalten in Electrical engineering 104(2021), 3 vom: 01. Sept., Seite 1277-1287 volume:104 year:2021 number:3 day:01 month:09 pages:1277-1287
sourceStr	Enthalten in Electrical engineering 104(2021), 3 vom: 01. Sept., Seite 1277-1287 volume:104 year:2021 number:3 day:01 month:09 pages:1277-1287
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Microgrid Protection Overcurrent relay Adaptive relay FPGA
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	Electrical engineering
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Kumar, Praveen @@aut@@ Kumar, Vishal @@aut@@ Pratap, Rajendra @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	27159926X
id	SPR047010495
language_de	englisch
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author	Kumar, Praveen
spellingShingle	Kumar, Praveen misc Microgrid misc Protection misc Overcurrent relay misc Adaptive relay misc FPGA RT-HIL verification of FPGA-based communication-assisted adaptive relay for microgrid protection
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topic_title	RT-HIL verification of FPGA-based communication-assisted adaptive relay for microgrid protection Microgrid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Protection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Overcurrent relay (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adaptive relay (dpeaa)DE-He213 FPGA (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Microgrid misc Protection misc Overcurrent relay misc Adaptive relay misc FPGA
topic_unstemmed	misc Microgrid misc Protection misc Overcurrent relay misc Adaptive relay misc FPGA
topic_browse	misc Microgrid misc Protection misc Overcurrent relay misc Adaptive relay misc FPGA
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title	RT-HIL verification of FPGA-based communication-assisted adaptive relay for microgrid protection
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title_full	RT-HIL verification of FPGA-based communication-assisted adaptive relay for microgrid protection
author_sort	Kumar, Praveen
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author_browse	Kumar, Praveen Kumar, Vishal Pratap, Rajendra
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author-letter	Kumar, Praveen
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title_sort	rt-hil verification of fpga-based communication-assisted adaptive relay for microgrid protection
title_auth	RT-HIL verification of FPGA-based communication-assisted adaptive relay for microgrid protection
abstract	Abstract Microgrids (MGs) are low-to-medium voltage networks that consist of local loads, distributed generators (DGs), renewables and storage elements. It operates either in stand-alone mode or grid-connected mode when connected to the utility grid. The amount of the fault current in grid-connected mode is higher than that of the autonomous mode of operation. To mitigate the effect of fault current for the protection of the MG, the threshold setting of the overcurrent relay as per the operating mode is a critical challenge. In this article, a prototype of a communication-assisted adaptive relay (CAAR) is developed on a field-programmable gate array, i.e., FPGA. The CAAR can adapt the threshold settings of the relay as per the operating modes of the MG. The status of these modes and the working status of the DGs are communicated through the wireless network using nRF24L01 wireless radio transceiver that supports Enhanced ShockBurst protocol. Performances of the prototype have been verified as hardware-in-loop with the MG test system developed in the real-time digital simulator. Various test cases, i.e., operating modes of the MG, under various fault conditions, and relay coordination are considered to validate the performance of the developed CAAR’s prototype to ensure the accurate operation and protection of the MG. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
abstractGer	Abstract Microgrids (MGs) are low-to-medium voltage networks that consist of local loads, distributed generators (DGs), renewables and storage elements. It operates either in stand-alone mode or grid-connected mode when connected to the utility grid. The amount of the fault current in grid-connected mode is higher than that of the autonomous mode of operation. To mitigate the effect of fault current for the protection of the MG, the threshold setting of the overcurrent relay as per the operating mode is a critical challenge. In this article, a prototype of a communication-assisted adaptive relay (CAAR) is developed on a field-programmable gate array, i.e., FPGA. The CAAR can adapt the threshold settings of the relay as per the operating modes of the MG. The status of these modes and the working status of the DGs are communicated through the wireless network using nRF24L01 wireless radio transceiver that supports Enhanced ShockBurst protocol. Performances of the prototype have been verified as hardware-in-loop with the MG test system developed in the real-time digital simulator. Various test cases, i.e., operating modes of the MG, under various fault conditions, and relay coordination are considered to validate the performance of the developed CAAR’s prototype to ensure the accurate operation and protection of the MG. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Microgrids (MGs) are low-to-medium voltage networks that consist of local loads, distributed generators (DGs), renewables and storage elements. It operates either in stand-alone mode or grid-connected mode when connected to the utility grid. The amount of the fault current in grid-connected mode is higher than that of the autonomous mode of operation. To mitigate the effect of fault current for the protection of the MG, the threshold setting of the overcurrent relay as per the operating mode is a critical challenge. In this article, a prototype of a communication-assisted adaptive relay (CAAR) is developed on a field-programmable gate array, i.e., FPGA. The CAAR can adapt the threshold settings of the relay as per the operating modes of the MG. The status of these modes and the working status of the DGs are communicated through the wireless network using nRF24L01 wireless radio transceiver that supports Enhanced ShockBurst protocol. Performances of the prototype have been verified as hardware-in-loop with the MG test system developed in the real-time digital simulator. Various test cases, i.e., operating modes of the MG, under various fault conditions, and relay coordination are considered to validate the performance of the developed CAAR’s prototype to ensure the accurate operation and protection of the MG. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
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title_short	RT-HIL verification of FPGA-based communication-assisted adaptive relay for microgrid protection
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00202-021-01387-2
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author2	Kumar, Vishal Pratap, Rajendra
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doi_str	10.1007/s00202-021-01387-2
up_date	2024-07-04T01:27:12.857Z
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fullrecord_marcxml	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">SPR047010495</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230507183134.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">220517s2021 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1007/s00202-021-01387-2</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)SPR047010495</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(SPR)s00202-021-01387-2-e</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kumar, Praveen</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0003-2751-9040</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">RT-HIL verification of FPGA-based communication-assisted adaptive relay for microgrid protection</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract Microgrids (MGs) are low-to-medium voltage networks that consist of local loads, distributed generators (DGs), renewables and storage elements. It operates either in stand-alone mode or grid-connected mode when connected to the utility grid. The amount of the fault current in grid-connected mode is higher than that of the autonomous mode of operation. To mitigate the effect of fault current for the protection of the MG, the threshold setting of the overcurrent relay as per the operating mode is a critical challenge. In this article, a prototype of a communication-assisted adaptive relay (CAAR) is developed on a field-programmable gate array, i.e., FPGA. The CAAR can adapt the threshold settings of the relay as per the operating modes of the MG. The status of these modes and the working status of the DGs are communicated through the wireless network using nRF24L01 wireless radio transceiver that supports Enhanced ShockBurst protocol. Performances of the prototype have been verified as hardware-in-loop with the MG test system developed in the real-time digital simulator. Various test cases, i.e., operating modes of the MG, under various fault conditions, and relay coordination are considered to validate the performance of the developed CAAR’s prototype to ensure the accurate operation and protection of the MG.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Microgrid</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Protection</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Overcurrent relay</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Adaptive relay</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">FPGA</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kumar, Vishal</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Pratap, Rajendra</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Electrical engineering</subfield><subfield code="d">Berlin : Springer, 1912</subfield><subfield code="g">104(2021), 3 vom: 01. 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RT-HIL verification of FPGA-based communication-assisted adaptive relay for microgrid protection

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