Trusting deep learning natural-language models via local and global explanations

Abstract Despite the high accuracy offered by state-of-the-art deep natural-language models (e.g., LSTM, BERT), their application in real-life settings is still widely limited, as they behave like a black-box to the end-user. Hence, explainability is rapidly becoming a fundamental requirement of fut...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Abstract Despite the high accuracy offered by state-of-the-art deep natural-language models (e.g., LSTM, BERT), their application in real-life settings is still widely limited, as they behave like a black-box to the end-user. Hence, explainability is rapidly becoming a fundamental requirement of future-generation data-driven systems based on deep-learning approaches. Several attempts to fulfill the existing gap between accuracy and interpretability have been made. However, robust and specialized eXplainable Artificial Intelligence solutions, tailored to deep natural-language models, are still missing. We propose a new framework, named T-EBAnO, which provides innovative prediction-local and class-based model-global explanation strategies tailored to deep learning natural-language models. Given a deep NLP model and the textual input data, T-EBAnO provides an objective, human-readable, domain-specific assessment of the reasons behind the automatic decision-making process. Specifically, the framework extracts sets of interpretable features mining the inner knowledge of the model. Then, it quantifies the influence of each feature during the prediction process by exploiting the normalized Perturbation Influence Relation index at the local level and the novel Global Absolute Influence and Global Relative Influence indexes at the global level. The effectiveness and the quality of the local and global explanations obtained with T-EBAnO are proved on an extensive set of experiments addressing different tasks, such as a sentiment-analysis task performed by a fine-tuned BERT model and a toxic-comment classification task performed by an LSTM model. The quality of the explanations proposed by T-EBAnO, and, specifically, the correlation between the influence index and human judgment, has been evaluated by humans in a survey with more than 4000 judgments. To prove the generality of T-EBAnO and its model/task-independent methodology, experiments with other models (ALBERT, ULMFit) on popular public datasets (Ag News and Cola) are also discussed in detail. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Autor*in:	Ventura, Francesco [verfasserIn] Greco, Salvatore Apiletti, Daniele Cerquitelli, Tania

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	eXplainable artificial intelligence Natural language processing Text classification Black-box classifier Neural network

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s) 2022

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Knowledge and information systems - London : Springer, 1999, 64(2022), 7 vom: 22. Juni, Seite 1863-1907
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:64 ; year:2022 ; number:7 ; day:22 ; month:06 ; pages:1863-1907

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s10115-022-01690-9

Katalog-ID:	SPR047595094