Quantum nucleation of topological solitons

Abstract The chiral soliton lattice is an array of topological solitons realized as ground states of QCD at finite density under strong magnetic fields or rapid rotation, and chiral magnets with an easy-plane anisotropy. In such cases, topological solitons have negative energy due to topological ter...
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Autor*in:	Eto, Minoru [verfasserIn] Nitta, Muneto

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	Solitons Monopoles and Instantons Topological States of Matter

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s) 2022

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Journal of high energy physics - Berlin : Springer, 1997, 2022(2022), 9 vom: 12. Sept.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:2022 ; year:2022 ; number:9 ; day:12 ; month:09

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/JHEP09(2022)077

Katalog-ID:	SPR048090670

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520			\|a Abstract The chiral soliton lattice is an array of topological solitons realized as ground states of QCD at finite density under strong magnetic fields or rapid rotation, and chiral magnets with an easy-plane anisotropy. In such cases, topological solitons have negative energy due to topological terms originating from the chiral magnetic or vortical effect and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, respectively. We study quantum nucleation of topological solitons in the vacuum through quantum tunneling in 2 + 1 and 3 + 1 dimensions, by using a complex ϕ4 (or the axion) model with a topological term proportional to an external field, which is a simplification of low-energy theories of the above systems. In 2 + 1 dimensions, a pair of a vortex and an anti-vortex is connected by a linear soliton, while in 3 + 1 dimensions, a vortex is string-like, a soliton is wall-like, and a disk of a soliton wall is bounded by a string loop. Since the tension of solitons can be effectively negative due to the topological term, such a composite configuration of a finite size is created by quantum tunneling and subsequently grows rapidly. We estimate the nucleation probability analytically in the thin-defect approximation and fully calculate it numerically using the relaxation (gradient flow) method. The nucleation probability is maximized when the direction of the soliton is perpendicular to the external field. We find a good agreement between the thin-defect approximation and direct numerical simulation in 2 + 1 dimensions if we read the vortex tension from the numerics, while we find a difference between them at short distances interpreted as a remnant energy in 3 + 1 dimensions.
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allfields	10.1007/JHEP09(2022)077 doi (DE-627)SPR048090670 (SPR)JHEP09(2022)077-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Eto, Minoru verfasserin aut Quantum nucleation of topological solitons 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2022 Abstract The chiral soliton lattice is an array of topological solitons realized as ground states of QCD at finite density under strong magnetic fields or rapid rotation, and chiral magnets with an easy-plane anisotropy. In such cases, topological solitons have negative energy due to topological terms originating from the chiral magnetic or vortical effect and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, respectively. We study quantum nucleation of topological solitons in the vacuum through quantum tunneling in 2 + 1 and 3 + 1 dimensions, by using a complex ϕ4 (or the axion) model with a topological term proportional to an external field, which is a simplification of low-energy theories of the above systems. In 2 + 1 dimensions, a pair of a vortex and an anti-vortex is connected by a linear soliton, while in 3 + 1 dimensions, a vortex is string-like, a soliton is wall-like, and a disk of a soliton wall is bounded by a string loop. Since the tension of solitons can be effectively negative due to the topological term, such a composite configuration of a finite size is created by quantum tunneling and subsequently grows rapidly. We estimate the nucleation probability analytically in the thin-defect approximation and fully calculate it numerically using the relaxation (gradient flow) method. The nucleation probability is maximized when the direction of the soliton is perpendicular to the external field. We find a good agreement between the thin-defect approximation and direct numerical simulation in 2 + 1 dimensions if we read the vortex tension from the numerics, while we find a difference between them at short distances interpreted as a remnant energy in 3 + 1 dimensions. Solitons Monopoles and Instantons (dpeaa)DE-He213 Topological States of Matter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nitta, Muneto aut Enthalten in Journal of high energy physics Berlin : Springer, 1997 2022(2022), 9 vom: 12. Sept. (DE-627)320910571 (DE-600)2027350-2 1029-8479 nnns volume:2022 year:2022 number:9 day:12 month:09 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2022)077 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2022 2022 9 12 09
spelling	10.1007/JHEP09(2022)077 doi (DE-627)SPR048090670 (SPR)JHEP09(2022)077-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Eto, Minoru verfasserin aut Quantum nucleation of topological solitons 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2022 Abstract The chiral soliton lattice is an array of topological solitons realized as ground states of QCD at finite density under strong magnetic fields or rapid rotation, and chiral magnets with an easy-plane anisotropy. In such cases, topological solitons have negative energy due to topological terms originating from the chiral magnetic or vortical effect and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, respectively. We study quantum nucleation of topological solitons in the vacuum through quantum tunneling in 2 + 1 and 3 + 1 dimensions, by using a complex ϕ4 (or the axion) model with a topological term proportional to an external field, which is a simplification of low-energy theories of the above systems. In 2 + 1 dimensions, a pair of a vortex and an anti-vortex is connected by a linear soliton, while in 3 + 1 dimensions, a vortex is string-like, a soliton is wall-like, and a disk of a soliton wall is bounded by a string loop. Since the tension of solitons can be effectively negative due to the topological term, such a composite configuration of a finite size is created by quantum tunneling and subsequently grows rapidly. We estimate the nucleation probability analytically in the thin-defect approximation and fully calculate it numerically using the relaxation (gradient flow) method. The nucleation probability is maximized when the direction of the soliton is perpendicular to the external field. We find a good agreement between the thin-defect approximation and direct numerical simulation in 2 + 1 dimensions if we read the vortex tension from the numerics, while we find a difference between them at short distances interpreted as a remnant energy in 3 + 1 dimensions. Solitons Monopoles and Instantons (dpeaa)DE-He213 Topological States of Matter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nitta, Muneto aut Enthalten in Journal of high energy physics Berlin : Springer, 1997 2022(2022), 9 vom: 12. Sept. (DE-627)320910571 (DE-600)2027350-2 1029-8479 nnns volume:2022 year:2022 number:9 day:12 month:09 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2022)077 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2022 2022 9 12 09
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/JHEP09(2022)077 doi (DE-627)SPR048090670 (SPR)JHEP09(2022)077-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Eto, Minoru verfasserin aut Quantum nucleation of topological solitons 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2022 Abstract The chiral soliton lattice is an array of topological solitons realized as ground states of QCD at finite density under strong magnetic fields or rapid rotation, and chiral magnets with an easy-plane anisotropy. In such cases, topological solitons have negative energy due to topological terms originating from the chiral magnetic or vortical effect and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, respectively. We study quantum nucleation of topological solitons in the vacuum through quantum tunneling in 2 + 1 and 3 + 1 dimensions, by using a complex ϕ4 (or the axion) model with a topological term proportional to an external field, which is a simplification of low-energy theories of the above systems. In 2 + 1 dimensions, a pair of a vortex and an anti-vortex is connected by a linear soliton, while in 3 + 1 dimensions, a vortex is string-like, a soliton is wall-like, and a disk of a soliton wall is bounded by a string loop. Since the tension of solitons can be effectively negative due to the topological term, such a composite configuration of a finite size is created by quantum tunneling and subsequently grows rapidly. We estimate the nucleation probability analytically in the thin-defect approximation and fully calculate it numerically using the relaxation (gradient flow) method. The nucleation probability is maximized when the direction of the soliton is perpendicular to the external field. We find a good agreement between the thin-defect approximation and direct numerical simulation in 2 + 1 dimensions if we read the vortex tension from the numerics, while we find a difference between them at short distances interpreted as a remnant energy in 3 + 1 dimensions. Solitons Monopoles and Instantons (dpeaa)DE-He213 Topological States of Matter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nitta, Muneto aut Enthalten in Journal of high energy physics Berlin : Springer, 1997 2022(2022), 9 vom: 12. Sept. (DE-627)320910571 (DE-600)2027350-2 1029-8479 nnns volume:2022 year:2022 number:9 day:12 month:09 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2022)077 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2022 2022 9 12 09
allfieldsGer	10.1007/JHEP09(2022)077 doi (DE-627)SPR048090670 (SPR)JHEP09(2022)077-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Eto, Minoru verfasserin aut Quantum nucleation of topological solitons 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2022 Abstract The chiral soliton lattice is an array of topological solitons realized as ground states of QCD at finite density under strong magnetic fields or rapid rotation, and chiral magnets with an easy-plane anisotropy. In such cases, topological solitons have negative energy due to topological terms originating from the chiral magnetic or vortical effect and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, respectively. We study quantum nucleation of topological solitons in the vacuum through quantum tunneling in 2 + 1 and 3 + 1 dimensions, by using a complex ϕ4 (or the axion) model with a topological term proportional to an external field, which is a simplification of low-energy theories of the above systems. In 2 + 1 dimensions, a pair of a vortex and an anti-vortex is connected by a linear soliton, while in 3 + 1 dimensions, a vortex is string-like, a soliton is wall-like, and a disk of a soliton wall is bounded by a string loop. Since the tension of solitons can be effectively negative due to the topological term, such a composite configuration of a finite size is created by quantum tunneling and subsequently grows rapidly. We estimate the nucleation probability analytically in the thin-defect approximation and fully calculate it numerically using the relaxation (gradient flow) method. The nucleation probability is maximized when the direction of the soliton is perpendicular to the external field. We find a good agreement between the thin-defect approximation and direct numerical simulation in 2 + 1 dimensions if we read the vortex tension from the numerics, while we find a difference between them at short distances interpreted as a remnant energy in 3 + 1 dimensions. Solitons Monopoles and Instantons (dpeaa)DE-He213 Topological States of Matter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nitta, Muneto aut Enthalten in Journal of high energy physics Berlin : Springer, 1997 2022(2022), 9 vom: 12. Sept. (DE-627)320910571 (DE-600)2027350-2 1029-8479 nnns volume:2022 year:2022 number:9 day:12 month:09 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2022)077 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2022 2022 9 12 09
allfieldsSound	10.1007/JHEP09(2022)077 doi (DE-627)SPR048090670 (SPR)JHEP09(2022)077-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Eto, Minoru verfasserin aut Quantum nucleation of topological solitons 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2022 Abstract The chiral soliton lattice is an array of topological solitons realized as ground states of QCD at finite density under strong magnetic fields or rapid rotation, and chiral magnets with an easy-plane anisotropy. In such cases, topological solitons have negative energy due to topological terms originating from the chiral magnetic or vortical effect and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, respectively. We study quantum nucleation of topological solitons in the vacuum through quantum tunneling in 2 + 1 and 3 + 1 dimensions, by using a complex ϕ4 (or the axion) model with a topological term proportional to an external field, which is a simplification of low-energy theories of the above systems. In 2 + 1 dimensions, a pair of a vortex and an anti-vortex is connected by a linear soliton, while in 3 + 1 dimensions, a vortex is string-like, a soliton is wall-like, and a disk of a soliton wall is bounded by a string loop. Since the tension of solitons can be effectively negative due to the topological term, such a composite configuration of a finite size is created by quantum tunneling and subsequently grows rapidly. We estimate the nucleation probability analytically in the thin-defect approximation and fully calculate it numerically using the relaxation (gradient flow) method. The nucleation probability is maximized when the direction of the soliton is perpendicular to the external field. We find a good agreement between the thin-defect approximation and direct numerical simulation in 2 + 1 dimensions if we read the vortex tension from the numerics, while we find a difference between them at short distances interpreted as a remnant energy in 3 + 1 dimensions. Solitons Monopoles and Instantons (dpeaa)DE-He213 Topological States of Matter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nitta, Muneto aut Enthalten in Journal of high energy physics Berlin : Springer, 1997 2022(2022), 9 vom: 12. Sept. (DE-627)320910571 (DE-600)2027350-2 1029-8479 nnns volume:2022 year:2022 number:9 day:12 month:09 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2022)077 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2022 2022 9 12 09
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In such cases, topological solitons have negative energy due to topological terms originating from the chiral magnetic or vortical effect and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, respectively. We study quantum nucleation of topological solitons in the vacuum through quantum tunneling in 2 + 1 and 3 + 1 dimensions, by using a complex ϕ4 (or the axion) model with a topological term proportional to an external field, which is a simplification of low-energy theories of the above systems. In 2 + 1 dimensions, a pair of a vortex and an anti-vortex is connected by a linear soliton, while in 3 + 1 dimensions, a vortex is string-like, a soliton is wall-like, and a disk of a soliton wall is bounded by a string loop. Since the tension of solitons can be effectively negative due to the topological term, such a composite configuration of a finite size is created by quantum tunneling and subsequently grows rapidly. 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author	Eto, Minoru
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title_sort	quantum nucleation of topological solitons
title_auth	Quantum nucleation of topological solitons
abstract	Abstract The chiral soliton lattice is an array of topological solitons realized as ground states of QCD at finite density under strong magnetic fields or rapid rotation, and chiral magnets with an easy-plane anisotropy. In such cases, topological solitons have negative energy due to topological terms originating from the chiral magnetic or vortical effect and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, respectively. We study quantum nucleation of topological solitons in the vacuum through quantum tunneling in 2 + 1 and 3 + 1 dimensions, by using a complex ϕ4 (or the axion) model with a topological term proportional to an external field, which is a simplification of low-energy theories of the above systems. In 2 + 1 dimensions, a pair of a vortex and an anti-vortex is connected by a linear soliton, while in 3 + 1 dimensions, a vortex is string-like, a soliton is wall-like, and a disk of a soliton wall is bounded by a string loop. Since the tension of solitons can be effectively negative due to the topological term, such a composite configuration of a finite size is created by quantum tunneling and subsequently grows rapidly. We estimate the nucleation probability analytically in the thin-defect approximation and fully calculate it numerically using the relaxation (gradient flow) method. The nucleation probability is maximized when the direction of the soliton is perpendicular to the external field. We find a good agreement between the thin-defect approximation and direct numerical simulation in 2 + 1 dimensions if we read the vortex tension from the numerics, while we find a difference between them at short distances interpreted as a remnant energy in 3 + 1 dimensions. © The Author(s) 2022
abstractGer	Abstract The chiral soliton lattice is an array of topological solitons realized as ground states of QCD at finite density under strong magnetic fields or rapid rotation, and chiral magnets with an easy-plane anisotropy. In such cases, topological solitons have negative energy due to topological terms originating from the chiral magnetic or vortical effect and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, respectively. We study quantum nucleation of topological solitons in the vacuum through quantum tunneling in 2 + 1 and 3 + 1 dimensions, by using a complex ϕ4 (or the axion) model with a topological term proportional to an external field, which is a simplification of low-energy theories of the above systems. In 2 + 1 dimensions, a pair of a vortex and an anti-vortex is connected by a linear soliton, while in 3 + 1 dimensions, a vortex is string-like, a soliton is wall-like, and a disk of a soliton wall is bounded by a string loop. Since the tension of solitons can be effectively negative due to the topological term, such a composite configuration of a finite size is created by quantum tunneling and subsequently grows rapidly. We estimate the nucleation probability analytically in the thin-defect approximation and fully calculate it numerically using the relaxation (gradient flow) method. The nucleation probability is maximized when the direction of the soliton is perpendicular to the external field. We find a good agreement between the thin-defect approximation and direct numerical simulation in 2 + 1 dimensions if we read the vortex tension from the numerics, while we find a difference between them at short distances interpreted as a remnant energy in 3 + 1 dimensions. © The Author(s) 2022
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract The chiral soliton lattice is an array of topological solitons realized as ground states of QCD at finite density under strong magnetic fields or rapid rotation, and chiral magnets with an easy-plane anisotropy. In such cases, topological solitons have negative energy due to topological terms originating from the chiral magnetic or vortical effect and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, respectively. We study quantum nucleation of topological solitons in the vacuum through quantum tunneling in 2 + 1 and 3 + 1 dimensions, by using a complex ϕ4 (or the axion) model with a topological term proportional to an external field, which is a simplification of low-energy theories of the above systems. In 2 + 1 dimensions, a pair of a vortex and an anti-vortex is connected by a linear soliton, while in 3 + 1 dimensions, a vortex is string-like, a soliton is wall-like, and a disk of a soliton wall is bounded by a string loop. Since the tension of solitons can be effectively negative due to the topological term, such a composite configuration of a finite size is created by quantum tunneling and subsequently grows rapidly. We estimate the nucleation probability analytically in the thin-defect approximation and fully calculate it numerically using the relaxation (gradient flow) method. The nucleation probability is maximized when the direction of the soliton is perpendicular to the external field. We find a good agreement between the thin-defect approximation and direct numerical simulation in 2 + 1 dimensions if we read the vortex tension from the numerics, while we find a difference between them at short distances interpreted as a remnant energy in 3 + 1 dimensions. © The Author(s) 2022
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title_short	Quantum nucleation of topological solitons
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