Spatial Variability of NDVI and SPAD for Variable- and Fixed-Rate Fertilization in Olive Orchards
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the spatial variability of fertilization requirements by using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) data for olive orchards. The research was carried out in Ayvalik, Turkey. The olive orchard was divi...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Atik, Murtaza [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2022 |
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Anmerkung: |
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Der/die Autor(en), exklusiv lizenziert an Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature oder sein Lizenzgeber hält die ausschließlichen Nutzungsrechte an diesem Artikel kraft eines Verlagsvertrags mit dem/den Autor*in(nen) oder anderen Rechteinhaber*in(nen); die Selbstarchivierung der akzeptierten Manuskriptversion dieses Artikels durch Autor*in(nen) unterliegt ausschließlich den Bedingungen dieses Verlagsvertrags und dem geltenden Recht. |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Erwerbs-Obstbau - Berlin : Springer, 2004, 64(2022), 4 vom: 09. Sept., Seite 647-655 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:64 ; year:2022 ; number:4 ; day:09 ; month:09 ; pages:647-655 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s10341-022-00748-w |
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Katalog-ID: |
SPR048618640 |
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520 | |a Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the spatial variability of fertilization requirements by using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) data for olive orchards. The research was carried out in Ayvalik, Turkey. The olive orchard was divided into two parts to measure NDVI and SPAD for variable-rate fertilization and fixed-rate fertilization. The NDVI was measured with a GreenSeeker sensor and SPAD readings were made with a SpadMeter. Geographic coordinates of the NDVI and SPAD measurements were also determined by a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). After applying these fertilization methods, NDVI and SPAD measurements were recorded. Soil and leaf samples were analysed in the laboratory to determine the content of plant nutrients for nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K). Spatial variability maps were created for NDVI and SPAD values. According to the statistical analyses, NDVI values varied between 0.577 and 0.838 and the coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated as 6.45% for all measurements. The average NDVI was determined as 0.739 and the CV was 7.04% for fixed-rate fertilization and 0.734 and 5.87% for variable-rate fertilization. Differences between NDVI measurements for fixed-rate fertilization and variable-rate fertilization were not statistically significant according to t-test results (t = 0.524, p > 0.05). The NDVI measurements were made around trees and the GreenSeeker sensor measured NDVIs from a mixture of leaves, branches and air for each olive tree; this situation affected the NDVI measurements. In addition, the colour, shape and content of the olive leaf also affected the NDVI measurements. | ||
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10.1007/s10341-022-00748-w doi (DE-627)SPR048618640 (SPR)s10341-022-00748-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Atik, Murtaza verfasserin aut Spatial Variability of NDVI and SPAD for Variable- and Fixed-Rate Fertilization in Olive Orchards 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Der/die Autor(en), exklusiv lizenziert an Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature oder sein Lizenzgeber hält die ausschließlichen Nutzungsrechte an diesem Artikel kraft eines Verlagsvertrags mit dem/den Autor*in(nen) oder anderen Rechteinhaber*in(nen); die Selbstarchivierung der akzeptierten Manuskriptversion dieses Artikels durch Autor*in(nen) unterliegt ausschließlich den Bedingungen dieses Verlagsvertrags und dem geltenden Recht. Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the spatial variability of fertilization requirements by using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) data for olive orchards. The research was carried out in Ayvalik, Turkey. The olive orchard was divided into two parts to measure NDVI and SPAD for variable-rate fertilization and fixed-rate fertilization. The NDVI was measured with a GreenSeeker sensor and SPAD readings were made with a SpadMeter. Geographic coordinates of the NDVI and SPAD measurements were also determined by a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). After applying these fertilization methods, NDVI and SPAD measurements were recorded. Soil and leaf samples were analysed in the laboratory to determine the content of plant nutrients for nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K). Spatial variability maps were created for NDVI and SPAD values. According to the statistical analyses, NDVI values varied between 0.577 and 0.838 and the coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated as 6.45% for all measurements. The average NDVI was determined as 0.739 and the CV was 7.04% for fixed-rate fertilization and 0.734 and 5.87% for variable-rate fertilization. Differences between NDVI measurements for fixed-rate fertilization and variable-rate fertilization were not statistically significant according to t-test results (t = 0.524, p > 0.05). The NDVI measurements were made around trees and the GreenSeeker sensor measured NDVIs from a mixture of leaves, branches and air for each olive tree; this situation affected the NDVI measurements. In addition, the colour, shape and content of the olive leaf also affected the NDVI measurements. Olea europea L. (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nitrogen (dpeaa)DE-He213 Chlorophyl (dpeaa)DE-He213 Plant nutrients (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fertilizer (dpeaa)DE-He213 Akdemir, Bahattin aut Enthalten in Erwerbs-Obstbau Berlin : Springer, 2004 64(2022), 4 vom: 09. Sept., Seite 647-655 (DE-627)382928237 (DE-600)2140078-7 1439-0302 nnns volume:64 year:2022 number:4 day:09 month:09 pages:647-655 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00748-w lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 64 2022 4 09 09 647-655 |
spelling |
10.1007/s10341-022-00748-w doi (DE-627)SPR048618640 (SPR)s10341-022-00748-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Atik, Murtaza verfasserin aut Spatial Variability of NDVI and SPAD for Variable- and Fixed-Rate Fertilization in Olive Orchards 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Der/die Autor(en), exklusiv lizenziert an Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature oder sein Lizenzgeber hält die ausschließlichen Nutzungsrechte an diesem Artikel kraft eines Verlagsvertrags mit dem/den Autor*in(nen) oder anderen Rechteinhaber*in(nen); die Selbstarchivierung der akzeptierten Manuskriptversion dieses Artikels durch Autor*in(nen) unterliegt ausschließlich den Bedingungen dieses Verlagsvertrags und dem geltenden Recht. Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the spatial variability of fertilization requirements by using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) data for olive orchards. The research was carried out in Ayvalik, Turkey. The olive orchard was divided into two parts to measure NDVI and SPAD for variable-rate fertilization and fixed-rate fertilization. The NDVI was measured with a GreenSeeker sensor and SPAD readings were made with a SpadMeter. Geographic coordinates of the NDVI and SPAD measurements were also determined by a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). After applying these fertilization methods, NDVI and SPAD measurements were recorded. Soil and leaf samples were analysed in the laboratory to determine the content of plant nutrients for nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K). Spatial variability maps were created for NDVI and SPAD values. According to the statistical analyses, NDVI values varied between 0.577 and 0.838 and the coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated as 6.45% for all measurements. The average NDVI was determined as 0.739 and the CV was 7.04% for fixed-rate fertilization and 0.734 and 5.87% for variable-rate fertilization. Differences between NDVI measurements for fixed-rate fertilization and variable-rate fertilization were not statistically significant according to t-test results (t = 0.524, p > 0.05). The NDVI measurements were made around trees and the GreenSeeker sensor measured NDVIs from a mixture of leaves, branches and air for each olive tree; this situation affected the NDVI measurements. In addition, the colour, shape and content of the olive leaf also affected the NDVI measurements. Olea europea L. (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nitrogen (dpeaa)DE-He213 Chlorophyl (dpeaa)DE-He213 Plant nutrients (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fertilizer (dpeaa)DE-He213 Akdemir, Bahattin aut Enthalten in Erwerbs-Obstbau Berlin : Springer, 2004 64(2022), 4 vom: 09. Sept., Seite 647-655 (DE-627)382928237 (DE-600)2140078-7 1439-0302 nnns volume:64 year:2022 number:4 day:09 month:09 pages:647-655 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00748-w lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 64 2022 4 09 09 647-655 |
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10.1007/s10341-022-00748-w doi (DE-627)SPR048618640 (SPR)s10341-022-00748-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Atik, Murtaza verfasserin aut Spatial Variability of NDVI and SPAD for Variable- and Fixed-Rate Fertilization in Olive Orchards 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Der/die Autor(en), exklusiv lizenziert an Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature oder sein Lizenzgeber hält die ausschließlichen Nutzungsrechte an diesem Artikel kraft eines Verlagsvertrags mit dem/den Autor*in(nen) oder anderen Rechteinhaber*in(nen); die Selbstarchivierung der akzeptierten Manuskriptversion dieses Artikels durch Autor*in(nen) unterliegt ausschließlich den Bedingungen dieses Verlagsvertrags und dem geltenden Recht. Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the spatial variability of fertilization requirements by using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) data for olive orchards. The research was carried out in Ayvalik, Turkey. The olive orchard was divided into two parts to measure NDVI and SPAD for variable-rate fertilization and fixed-rate fertilization. The NDVI was measured with a GreenSeeker sensor and SPAD readings were made with a SpadMeter. Geographic coordinates of the NDVI and SPAD measurements were also determined by a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). After applying these fertilization methods, NDVI and SPAD measurements were recorded. Soil and leaf samples were analysed in the laboratory to determine the content of plant nutrients for nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K). Spatial variability maps were created for NDVI and SPAD values. According to the statistical analyses, NDVI values varied between 0.577 and 0.838 and the coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated as 6.45% for all measurements. The average NDVI was determined as 0.739 and the CV was 7.04% for fixed-rate fertilization and 0.734 and 5.87% for variable-rate fertilization. Differences between NDVI measurements for fixed-rate fertilization and variable-rate fertilization were not statistically significant according to t-test results (t = 0.524, p > 0.05). The NDVI measurements were made around trees and the GreenSeeker sensor measured NDVIs from a mixture of leaves, branches and air for each olive tree; this situation affected the NDVI measurements. In addition, the colour, shape and content of the olive leaf also affected the NDVI measurements. Olea europea L. (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nitrogen (dpeaa)DE-He213 Chlorophyl (dpeaa)DE-He213 Plant nutrients (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fertilizer (dpeaa)DE-He213 Akdemir, Bahattin aut Enthalten in Erwerbs-Obstbau Berlin : Springer, 2004 64(2022), 4 vom: 09. Sept., Seite 647-655 (DE-627)382928237 (DE-600)2140078-7 1439-0302 nnns volume:64 year:2022 number:4 day:09 month:09 pages:647-655 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00748-w lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 64 2022 4 09 09 647-655 |
allfieldsGer |
10.1007/s10341-022-00748-w doi (DE-627)SPR048618640 (SPR)s10341-022-00748-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Atik, Murtaza verfasserin aut Spatial Variability of NDVI and SPAD for Variable- and Fixed-Rate Fertilization in Olive Orchards 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Der/die Autor(en), exklusiv lizenziert an Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature oder sein Lizenzgeber hält die ausschließlichen Nutzungsrechte an diesem Artikel kraft eines Verlagsvertrags mit dem/den Autor*in(nen) oder anderen Rechteinhaber*in(nen); die Selbstarchivierung der akzeptierten Manuskriptversion dieses Artikels durch Autor*in(nen) unterliegt ausschließlich den Bedingungen dieses Verlagsvertrags und dem geltenden Recht. Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the spatial variability of fertilization requirements by using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) data for olive orchards. The research was carried out in Ayvalik, Turkey. The olive orchard was divided into two parts to measure NDVI and SPAD for variable-rate fertilization and fixed-rate fertilization. The NDVI was measured with a GreenSeeker sensor and SPAD readings were made with a SpadMeter. Geographic coordinates of the NDVI and SPAD measurements were also determined by a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). After applying these fertilization methods, NDVI and SPAD measurements were recorded. Soil and leaf samples were analysed in the laboratory to determine the content of plant nutrients for nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K). Spatial variability maps were created for NDVI and SPAD values. According to the statistical analyses, NDVI values varied between 0.577 and 0.838 and the coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated as 6.45% for all measurements. The average NDVI was determined as 0.739 and the CV was 7.04% for fixed-rate fertilization and 0.734 and 5.87% for variable-rate fertilization. Differences between NDVI measurements for fixed-rate fertilization and variable-rate fertilization were not statistically significant according to t-test results (t = 0.524, p > 0.05). The NDVI measurements were made around trees and the GreenSeeker sensor measured NDVIs from a mixture of leaves, branches and air for each olive tree; this situation affected the NDVI measurements. In addition, the colour, shape and content of the olive leaf also affected the NDVI measurements. Olea europea L. (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nitrogen (dpeaa)DE-He213 Chlorophyl (dpeaa)DE-He213 Plant nutrients (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fertilizer (dpeaa)DE-He213 Akdemir, Bahattin aut Enthalten in Erwerbs-Obstbau Berlin : Springer, 2004 64(2022), 4 vom: 09. Sept., Seite 647-655 (DE-627)382928237 (DE-600)2140078-7 1439-0302 nnns volume:64 year:2022 number:4 day:09 month:09 pages:647-655 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00748-w lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 64 2022 4 09 09 647-655 |
allfieldsSound |
10.1007/s10341-022-00748-w doi (DE-627)SPR048618640 (SPR)s10341-022-00748-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Atik, Murtaza verfasserin aut Spatial Variability of NDVI and SPAD for Variable- and Fixed-Rate Fertilization in Olive Orchards 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Der/die Autor(en), exklusiv lizenziert an Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature oder sein Lizenzgeber hält die ausschließlichen Nutzungsrechte an diesem Artikel kraft eines Verlagsvertrags mit dem/den Autor*in(nen) oder anderen Rechteinhaber*in(nen); die Selbstarchivierung der akzeptierten Manuskriptversion dieses Artikels durch Autor*in(nen) unterliegt ausschließlich den Bedingungen dieses Verlagsvertrags und dem geltenden Recht. Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the spatial variability of fertilization requirements by using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) data for olive orchards. The research was carried out in Ayvalik, Turkey. The olive orchard was divided into two parts to measure NDVI and SPAD for variable-rate fertilization and fixed-rate fertilization. The NDVI was measured with a GreenSeeker sensor and SPAD readings were made with a SpadMeter. Geographic coordinates of the NDVI and SPAD measurements were also determined by a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). After applying these fertilization methods, NDVI and SPAD measurements were recorded. Soil and leaf samples were analysed in the laboratory to determine the content of plant nutrients for nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K). Spatial variability maps were created for NDVI and SPAD values. According to the statistical analyses, NDVI values varied between 0.577 and 0.838 and the coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated as 6.45% for all measurements. The average NDVI was determined as 0.739 and the CV was 7.04% for fixed-rate fertilization and 0.734 and 5.87% for variable-rate fertilization. Differences between NDVI measurements for fixed-rate fertilization and variable-rate fertilization were not statistically significant according to t-test results (t = 0.524, p > 0.05). The NDVI measurements were made around trees and the GreenSeeker sensor measured NDVIs from a mixture of leaves, branches and air for each olive tree; this situation affected the NDVI measurements. In addition, the colour, shape and content of the olive leaf also affected the NDVI measurements. Olea europea L. (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nitrogen (dpeaa)DE-He213 Chlorophyl (dpeaa)DE-He213 Plant nutrients (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fertilizer (dpeaa)DE-He213 Akdemir, Bahattin aut Enthalten in Erwerbs-Obstbau Berlin : Springer, 2004 64(2022), 4 vom: 09. Sept., Seite 647-655 (DE-627)382928237 (DE-600)2140078-7 1439-0302 nnns volume:64 year:2022 number:4 day:09 month:09 pages:647-655 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00748-w lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 64 2022 4 09 09 647-655 |
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Enthalten in Erwerbs-Obstbau 64(2022), 4 vom: 09. Sept., Seite 647-655 volume:64 year:2022 number:4 day:09 month:09 pages:647-655 |
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Atik, Murtaza |
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Atik, Murtaza misc Olea europea L. misc Nitrogen misc Chlorophyl misc Plant nutrients misc Fertilizer Spatial Variability of NDVI and SPAD for Variable- and Fixed-Rate Fertilization in Olive Orchards |
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Spatial Variability of NDVI and SPAD for Variable- and Fixed-Rate Fertilization in Olive Orchards Olea europea L. (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nitrogen (dpeaa)DE-He213 Chlorophyl (dpeaa)DE-He213 Plant nutrients (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fertilizer (dpeaa)DE-He213 |
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Spatial Variability of NDVI and SPAD for Variable- and Fixed-Rate Fertilization in Olive Orchards |
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Spatial Variability of NDVI and SPAD for Variable- and Fixed-Rate Fertilization in Olive Orchards |
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spatial variability of ndvi and spad for variable- and fixed-rate fertilization in olive orchards |
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Spatial Variability of NDVI and SPAD for Variable- and Fixed-Rate Fertilization in Olive Orchards |
abstract |
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the spatial variability of fertilization requirements by using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) data for olive orchards. The research was carried out in Ayvalik, Turkey. The olive orchard was divided into two parts to measure NDVI and SPAD for variable-rate fertilization and fixed-rate fertilization. The NDVI was measured with a GreenSeeker sensor and SPAD readings were made with a SpadMeter. Geographic coordinates of the NDVI and SPAD measurements were also determined by a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). After applying these fertilization methods, NDVI and SPAD measurements were recorded. Soil and leaf samples were analysed in the laboratory to determine the content of plant nutrients for nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K). Spatial variability maps were created for NDVI and SPAD values. According to the statistical analyses, NDVI values varied between 0.577 and 0.838 and the coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated as 6.45% for all measurements. The average NDVI was determined as 0.739 and the CV was 7.04% for fixed-rate fertilization and 0.734 and 5.87% for variable-rate fertilization. Differences between NDVI measurements for fixed-rate fertilization and variable-rate fertilization were not statistically significant according to t-test results (t = 0.524, p > 0.05). The NDVI measurements were made around trees and the GreenSeeker sensor measured NDVIs from a mixture of leaves, branches and air for each olive tree; this situation affected the NDVI measurements. In addition, the colour, shape and content of the olive leaf also affected the NDVI measurements. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Der/die Autor(en), exklusiv lizenziert an Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature oder sein Lizenzgeber hält die ausschließlichen Nutzungsrechte an diesem Artikel kraft eines Verlagsvertrags mit dem/den Autor*in(nen) oder anderen Rechteinhaber*in(nen); die Selbstarchivierung der akzeptierten Manuskriptversion dieses Artikels durch Autor*in(nen) unterliegt ausschließlich den Bedingungen dieses Verlagsvertrags und dem geltenden Recht. |
abstractGer |
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the spatial variability of fertilization requirements by using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) data for olive orchards. The research was carried out in Ayvalik, Turkey. The olive orchard was divided into two parts to measure NDVI and SPAD for variable-rate fertilization and fixed-rate fertilization. The NDVI was measured with a GreenSeeker sensor and SPAD readings were made with a SpadMeter. Geographic coordinates of the NDVI and SPAD measurements were also determined by a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). After applying these fertilization methods, NDVI and SPAD measurements were recorded. Soil and leaf samples were analysed in the laboratory to determine the content of plant nutrients for nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K). Spatial variability maps were created for NDVI and SPAD values. According to the statistical analyses, NDVI values varied between 0.577 and 0.838 and the coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated as 6.45% for all measurements. The average NDVI was determined as 0.739 and the CV was 7.04% for fixed-rate fertilization and 0.734 and 5.87% for variable-rate fertilization. Differences between NDVI measurements for fixed-rate fertilization and variable-rate fertilization were not statistically significant according to t-test results (t = 0.524, p > 0.05). The NDVI measurements were made around trees and the GreenSeeker sensor measured NDVIs from a mixture of leaves, branches and air for each olive tree; this situation affected the NDVI measurements. In addition, the colour, shape and content of the olive leaf also affected the NDVI measurements. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Der/die Autor(en), exklusiv lizenziert an Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature oder sein Lizenzgeber hält die ausschließlichen Nutzungsrechte an diesem Artikel kraft eines Verlagsvertrags mit dem/den Autor*in(nen) oder anderen Rechteinhaber*in(nen); die Selbstarchivierung der akzeptierten Manuskriptversion dieses Artikels durch Autor*in(nen) unterliegt ausschließlich den Bedingungen dieses Verlagsvertrags und dem geltenden Recht. |
abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the spatial variability of fertilization requirements by using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) data for olive orchards. The research was carried out in Ayvalik, Turkey. The olive orchard was divided into two parts to measure NDVI and SPAD for variable-rate fertilization and fixed-rate fertilization. The NDVI was measured with a GreenSeeker sensor and SPAD readings were made with a SpadMeter. Geographic coordinates of the NDVI and SPAD measurements were also determined by a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). After applying these fertilization methods, NDVI and SPAD measurements were recorded. Soil and leaf samples were analysed in the laboratory to determine the content of plant nutrients for nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K). Spatial variability maps were created for NDVI and SPAD values. According to the statistical analyses, NDVI values varied between 0.577 and 0.838 and the coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated as 6.45% for all measurements. The average NDVI was determined as 0.739 and the CV was 7.04% for fixed-rate fertilization and 0.734 and 5.87% for variable-rate fertilization. Differences between NDVI measurements for fixed-rate fertilization and variable-rate fertilization were not statistically significant according to t-test results (t = 0.524, p > 0.05). The NDVI measurements were made around trees and the GreenSeeker sensor measured NDVIs from a mixture of leaves, branches and air for each olive tree; this situation affected the NDVI measurements. In addition, the colour, shape and content of the olive leaf also affected the NDVI measurements. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Der/die Autor(en), exklusiv lizenziert an Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature oder sein Lizenzgeber hält die ausschließlichen Nutzungsrechte an diesem Artikel kraft eines Verlagsvertrags mit dem/den Autor*in(nen) oder anderen Rechteinhaber*in(nen); die Selbstarchivierung der akzeptierten Manuskriptversion dieses Artikels durch Autor*in(nen) unterliegt ausschließlich den Bedingungen dieses Verlagsvertrags und dem geltenden Recht. |
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title_short |
Spatial Variability of NDVI and SPAD for Variable- and Fixed-Rate Fertilization in Olive Orchards |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00748-w |
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2024-07-03T20:23:05.303Z |
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score |
7.3997602 |