Twelve-Year Trajectory of Disease Burden and Mortality by Obesity Level in Korea: Analysis of the National Health Insurance Service Database
Introduction Despite increases in obesity prevalence, awareness of obesity as a disease requiring active treatment remains lacking in Korea. We investigated differences in medical problems and expenditures and mortality across obesity categories using 12-year data from the National Health Insurance...
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| Autor*in: |
Park, Ji-Hyeon [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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2022 |
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Obesity surgery - New York, NY : Springer, 1991, 33(2022), 1 vom: 08. Nov., Seite 105-116 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:33 ; year:2022 ; number:1 ; day:08 ; month:11 ; pages:105-116 |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s11695-022-06327-y |
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SPR04904317X |
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| 520 | |a Introduction Despite increases in obesity prevalence, awareness of obesity as a disease requiring active treatment remains lacking in Korea. We investigated differences in medical problems and expenditures and mortality across obesity categories using 12-year data from the National Health Insurance Service. Materials and Methods Individuals aged 40–79 years who underwent medical examinations during 2003–2004 (n = 415,201) were divided based on Asian body mass index (kg/$ m^{2} $) criteria: normal weight (18.5 to < 23.0, 36.4%), overweight (23.0 to < 25.0, 28.3%), obesity (25.0 to < 30.0, 32.5%), and severe obesity (≥ 30.0, 2.8%). Medical problems and expenditures were fitted to linear mixed models. Mortality was analyzed via Cox proportional-hazards model. Results More severe obesity was associated with a higher rate of medical problems, relative to normal weight: coefficient = 0.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30–0.32) for overweight, 0.61 (0.60–0.61) for obesity, and 1.07 (1.04–1.09) for severe obesity. A similar association was observed for medical expenditure: coefficient = 8.85 (95%CI, 6.80–10.89) for overweight, 20.04 (18.07–22.01) for obesity, and 48.76 (43.66–53.86) for severe obesity. Relative to overweight participants, those with normal weight and severe obesity exhibited a higher mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.21 [95%CI, 1.18–1.25] for normal; 1.27 [1.19–1.36] for severe obesity). In age-specific analyses, mortality risk was the highest for participants with severe obesity, aged < 60 years (HR, 1.58 [95%CI, 1.41–1.77]). Conclusion Disease burden including medical problems and expenditure, and mortality in middle-aged adults, increased proportionally to the degrees of obesity. Health policies and medical systems aimed at reducing the burden of obesity may help reduce the burden of disease on society. Graphical abstract | ||
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10.1007/s11695-022-06327-y doi (DE-627)SPR04904317X (SPR)s11695-022-06327-y-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Park, Ji-Hyeon verfasserin aut Twelve-Year Trajectory of Disease Burden and Mortality by Obesity Level in Korea: Analysis of the National Health Insurance Service Database 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Introduction Despite increases in obesity prevalence, awareness of obesity as a disease requiring active treatment remains lacking in Korea. We investigated differences in medical problems and expenditures and mortality across obesity categories using 12-year data from the National Health Insurance Service. Materials and Methods Individuals aged 40–79 years who underwent medical examinations during 2003–2004 (n = 415,201) were divided based on Asian body mass index (kg/$ m^{2} $) criteria: normal weight (18.5 to < 23.0, 36.4%), overweight (23.0 to < 25.0, 28.3%), obesity (25.0 to < 30.0, 32.5%), and severe obesity (≥ 30.0, 2.8%). Medical problems and expenditures were fitted to linear mixed models. Mortality was analyzed via Cox proportional-hazards model. Results More severe obesity was associated with a higher rate of medical problems, relative to normal weight: coefficient = 0.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30–0.32) for overweight, 0.61 (0.60–0.61) for obesity, and 1.07 (1.04–1.09) for severe obesity. A similar association was observed for medical expenditure: coefficient = 8.85 (95%CI, 6.80–10.89) for overweight, 20.04 (18.07–22.01) for obesity, and 48.76 (43.66–53.86) for severe obesity. Relative to overweight participants, those with normal weight and severe obesity exhibited a higher mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.21 [95%CI, 1.18–1.25] for normal; 1.27 [1.19–1.36] for severe obesity). In age-specific analyses, mortality risk was the highest for participants with severe obesity, aged < 60 years (HR, 1.58 [95%CI, 1.41–1.77]). Conclusion Disease burden including medical problems and expenditure, and mortality in middle-aged adults, increased proportionally to the degrees of obesity. Health policies and medical systems aimed at reducing the burden of obesity may help reduce the burden of disease on society. Graphical abstract Obesity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Comorbidity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mortality (dpeaa)DE-He213 Medical cost (dpeaa)DE-He213 Database (dpeaa)DE-He213 Park, Do Joong (orcid)0000-0001-9644-6127 aut Kim, Hyesung aut Park, HyeJin aut Lee, Bora aut Nam, Hyeryeong aut Kim, Sara aut Kim, Sa-Hong aut Kong, Seong-Ho aut Lee, Hyuk-Joon aut Yang, Han-Kwang aut Enthalten in Obesity surgery New York, NY : Springer, 1991 33(2022), 1 vom: 08. Nov., Seite 105-116 (DE-627)353900508 (DE-600)2087903-9 1708-0428 nnns volume:33 year:2022 number:1 day:08 month:11 pages:105-116 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-022-06327-y lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 33 2022 1 08 11 105-116 |
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10.1007/s11695-022-06327-y doi (DE-627)SPR04904317X (SPR)s11695-022-06327-y-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Park, Ji-Hyeon verfasserin aut Twelve-Year Trajectory of Disease Burden and Mortality by Obesity Level in Korea: Analysis of the National Health Insurance Service Database 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Introduction Despite increases in obesity prevalence, awareness of obesity as a disease requiring active treatment remains lacking in Korea. We investigated differences in medical problems and expenditures and mortality across obesity categories using 12-year data from the National Health Insurance Service. Materials and Methods Individuals aged 40–79 years who underwent medical examinations during 2003–2004 (n = 415,201) were divided based on Asian body mass index (kg/$ m^{2} $) criteria: normal weight (18.5 to < 23.0, 36.4%), overweight (23.0 to < 25.0, 28.3%), obesity (25.0 to < 30.0, 32.5%), and severe obesity (≥ 30.0, 2.8%). Medical problems and expenditures were fitted to linear mixed models. Mortality was analyzed via Cox proportional-hazards model. Results More severe obesity was associated with a higher rate of medical problems, relative to normal weight: coefficient = 0.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30–0.32) for overweight, 0.61 (0.60–0.61) for obesity, and 1.07 (1.04–1.09) for severe obesity. A similar association was observed for medical expenditure: coefficient = 8.85 (95%CI, 6.80–10.89) for overweight, 20.04 (18.07–22.01) for obesity, and 48.76 (43.66–53.86) for severe obesity. Relative to overweight participants, those with normal weight and severe obesity exhibited a higher mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.21 [95%CI, 1.18–1.25] for normal; 1.27 [1.19–1.36] for severe obesity). In age-specific analyses, mortality risk was the highest for participants with severe obesity, aged < 60 years (HR, 1.58 [95%CI, 1.41–1.77]). Conclusion Disease burden including medical problems and expenditure, and mortality in middle-aged adults, increased proportionally to the degrees of obesity. Health policies and medical systems aimed at reducing the burden of obesity may help reduce the burden of disease on society. Graphical abstract Obesity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Comorbidity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mortality (dpeaa)DE-He213 Medical cost (dpeaa)DE-He213 Database (dpeaa)DE-He213 Park, Do Joong (orcid)0000-0001-9644-6127 aut Kim, Hyesung aut Park, HyeJin aut Lee, Bora aut Nam, Hyeryeong aut Kim, Sara aut Kim, Sa-Hong aut Kong, Seong-Ho aut Lee, Hyuk-Joon aut Yang, Han-Kwang aut Enthalten in Obesity surgery New York, NY : Springer, 1991 33(2022), 1 vom: 08. Nov., Seite 105-116 (DE-627)353900508 (DE-600)2087903-9 1708-0428 nnns volume:33 year:2022 number:1 day:08 month:11 pages:105-116 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-022-06327-y lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 33 2022 1 08 11 105-116 |
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10.1007/s11695-022-06327-y doi (DE-627)SPR04904317X (SPR)s11695-022-06327-y-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Park, Ji-Hyeon verfasserin aut Twelve-Year Trajectory of Disease Burden and Mortality by Obesity Level in Korea: Analysis of the National Health Insurance Service Database 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Introduction Despite increases in obesity prevalence, awareness of obesity as a disease requiring active treatment remains lacking in Korea. We investigated differences in medical problems and expenditures and mortality across obesity categories using 12-year data from the National Health Insurance Service. Materials and Methods Individuals aged 40–79 years who underwent medical examinations during 2003–2004 (n = 415,201) were divided based on Asian body mass index (kg/$ m^{2} $) criteria: normal weight (18.5 to < 23.0, 36.4%), overweight (23.0 to < 25.0, 28.3%), obesity (25.0 to < 30.0, 32.5%), and severe obesity (≥ 30.0, 2.8%). Medical problems and expenditures were fitted to linear mixed models. Mortality was analyzed via Cox proportional-hazards model. Results More severe obesity was associated with a higher rate of medical problems, relative to normal weight: coefficient = 0.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30–0.32) for overweight, 0.61 (0.60–0.61) for obesity, and 1.07 (1.04–1.09) for severe obesity. A similar association was observed for medical expenditure: coefficient = 8.85 (95%CI, 6.80–10.89) for overweight, 20.04 (18.07–22.01) for obesity, and 48.76 (43.66–53.86) for severe obesity. Relative to overweight participants, those with normal weight and severe obesity exhibited a higher mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.21 [95%CI, 1.18–1.25] for normal; 1.27 [1.19–1.36] for severe obesity). In age-specific analyses, mortality risk was the highest for participants with severe obesity, aged < 60 years (HR, 1.58 [95%CI, 1.41–1.77]). Conclusion Disease burden including medical problems and expenditure, and mortality in middle-aged adults, increased proportionally to the degrees of obesity. Health policies and medical systems aimed at reducing the burden of obesity may help reduce the burden of disease on society. Graphical abstract Obesity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Comorbidity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mortality (dpeaa)DE-He213 Medical cost (dpeaa)DE-He213 Database (dpeaa)DE-He213 Park, Do Joong (orcid)0000-0001-9644-6127 aut Kim, Hyesung aut Park, HyeJin aut Lee, Bora aut Nam, Hyeryeong aut Kim, Sara aut Kim, Sa-Hong aut Kong, Seong-Ho aut Lee, Hyuk-Joon aut Yang, Han-Kwang aut Enthalten in Obesity surgery New York, NY : Springer, 1991 33(2022), 1 vom: 08. Nov., Seite 105-116 (DE-627)353900508 (DE-600)2087903-9 1708-0428 nnns volume:33 year:2022 number:1 day:08 month:11 pages:105-116 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-022-06327-y lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 33 2022 1 08 11 105-116 |
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10.1007/s11695-022-06327-y doi (DE-627)SPR04904317X (SPR)s11695-022-06327-y-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Park, Ji-Hyeon verfasserin aut Twelve-Year Trajectory of Disease Burden and Mortality by Obesity Level in Korea: Analysis of the National Health Insurance Service Database 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Introduction Despite increases in obesity prevalence, awareness of obesity as a disease requiring active treatment remains lacking in Korea. We investigated differences in medical problems and expenditures and mortality across obesity categories using 12-year data from the National Health Insurance Service. Materials and Methods Individuals aged 40–79 years who underwent medical examinations during 2003–2004 (n = 415,201) were divided based on Asian body mass index (kg/$ m^{2} $) criteria: normal weight (18.5 to < 23.0, 36.4%), overweight (23.0 to < 25.0, 28.3%), obesity (25.0 to < 30.0, 32.5%), and severe obesity (≥ 30.0, 2.8%). Medical problems and expenditures were fitted to linear mixed models. Mortality was analyzed via Cox proportional-hazards model. Results More severe obesity was associated with a higher rate of medical problems, relative to normal weight: coefficient = 0.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30–0.32) for overweight, 0.61 (0.60–0.61) for obesity, and 1.07 (1.04–1.09) for severe obesity. A similar association was observed for medical expenditure: coefficient = 8.85 (95%CI, 6.80–10.89) for overweight, 20.04 (18.07–22.01) for obesity, and 48.76 (43.66–53.86) for severe obesity. Relative to overweight participants, those with normal weight and severe obesity exhibited a higher mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.21 [95%CI, 1.18–1.25] for normal; 1.27 [1.19–1.36] for severe obesity). In age-specific analyses, mortality risk was the highest for participants with severe obesity, aged < 60 years (HR, 1.58 [95%CI, 1.41–1.77]). Conclusion Disease burden including medical problems and expenditure, and mortality in middle-aged adults, increased proportionally to the degrees of obesity. Health policies and medical systems aimed at reducing the burden of obesity may help reduce the burden of disease on society. Graphical abstract Obesity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Comorbidity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mortality (dpeaa)DE-He213 Medical cost (dpeaa)DE-He213 Database (dpeaa)DE-He213 Park, Do Joong (orcid)0000-0001-9644-6127 aut Kim, Hyesung aut Park, HyeJin aut Lee, Bora aut Nam, Hyeryeong aut Kim, Sara aut Kim, Sa-Hong aut Kong, Seong-Ho aut Lee, Hyuk-Joon aut Yang, Han-Kwang aut Enthalten in Obesity surgery New York, NY : Springer, 1991 33(2022), 1 vom: 08. Nov., Seite 105-116 (DE-627)353900508 (DE-600)2087903-9 1708-0428 nnns volume:33 year:2022 number:1 day:08 month:11 pages:105-116 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-022-06327-y lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 33 2022 1 08 11 105-116 |
| allfieldsSound |
10.1007/s11695-022-06327-y doi (DE-627)SPR04904317X (SPR)s11695-022-06327-y-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Park, Ji-Hyeon verfasserin aut Twelve-Year Trajectory of Disease Burden and Mortality by Obesity Level in Korea: Analysis of the National Health Insurance Service Database 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Introduction Despite increases in obesity prevalence, awareness of obesity as a disease requiring active treatment remains lacking in Korea. We investigated differences in medical problems and expenditures and mortality across obesity categories using 12-year data from the National Health Insurance Service. Materials and Methods Individuals aged 40–79 years who underwent medical examinations during 2003–2004 (n = 415,201) were divided based on Asian body mass index (kg/$ m^{2} $) criteria: normal weight (18.5 to < 23.0, 36.4%), overweight (23.0 to < 25.0, 28.3%), obesity (25.0 to < 30.0, 32.5%), and severe obesity (≥ 30.0, 2.8%). Medical problems and expenditures were fitted to linear mixed models. Mortality was analyzed via Cox proportional-hazards model. Results More severe obesity was associated with a higher rate of medical problems, relative to normal weight: coefficient = 0.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30–0.32) for overweight, 0.61 (0.60–0.61) for obesity, and 1.07 (1.04–1.09) for severe obesity. A similar association was observed for medical expenditure: coefficient = 8.85 (95%CI, 6.80–10.89) for overweight, 20.04 (18.07–22.01) for obesity, and 48.76 (43.66–53.86) for severe obesity. Relative to overweight participants, those with normal weight and severe obesity exhibited a higher mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.21 [95%CI, 1.18–1.25] for normal; 1.27 [1.19–1.36] for severe obesity). In age-specific analyses, mortality risk was the highest for participants with severe obesity, aged < 60 years (HR, 1.58 [95%CI, 1.41–1.77]). Conclusion Disease burden including medical problems and expenditure, and mortality in middle-aged adults, increased proportionally to the degrees of obesity. Health policies and medical systems aimed at reducing the burden of obesity may help reduce the burden of disease on society. Graphical abstract Obesity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Comorbidity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mortality (dpeaa)DE-He213 Medical cost (dpeaa)DE-He213 Database (dpeaa)DE-He213 Park, Do Joong (orcid)0000-0001-9644-6127 aut Kim, Hyesung aut Park, HyeJin aut Lee, Bora aut Nam, Hyeryeong aut Kim, Sara aut Kim, Sa-Hong aut Kong, Seong-Ho aut Lee, Hyuk-Joon aut Yang, Han-Kwang aut Enthalten in Obesity surgery New York, NY : Springer, 1991 33(2022), 1 vom: 08. Nov., Seite 105-116 (DE-627)353900508 (DE-600)2087903-9 1708-0428 nnns volume:33 year:2022 number:1 day:08 month:11 pages:105-116 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-022-06327-y lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 33 2022 1 08 11 105-116 |
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">SPR04904317X</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230519071405.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230112s2022 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1007/s11695-022-06327-y</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)SPR04904317X</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(SPR)s11695-022-06327-y-e</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Park, Ji-Hyeon</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Twelve-Year Trajectory of Disease Burden and Mortality by Obesity Level in Korea: Analysis of the National Health Insurance Service Database</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Introduction Despite increases in obesity prevalence, awareness of obesity as a disease requiring active treatment remains lacking in Korea. We investigated differences in medical problems and expenditures and mortality across obesity categories using 12-year data from the National Health Insurance Service. Materials and Methods Individuals aged 40–79 years who underwent medical examinations during 2003–2004 (n = 415,201) were divided based on Asian body mass index (kg/$ m^{2} $) criteria: normal weight (18.5 to < 23.0, 36.4%), overweight (23.0 to < 25.0, 28.3%), obesity (25.0 to < 30.0, 32.5%), and severe obesity (≥ 30.0, 2.8%). Medical problems and expenditures were fitted to linear mixed models. Mortality was analyzed via Cox proportional-hazards model. Results More severe obesity was associated with a higher rate of medical problems, relative to normal weight: coefficient = 0.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30–0.32) for overweight, 0.61 (0.60–0.61) for obesity, and 1.07 (1.04–1.09) for severe obesity. A similar association was observed for medical expenditure: coefficient = 8.85 (95%CI, 6.80–10.89) for overweight, 20.04 (18.07–22.01) for obesity, and 48.76 (43.66–53.86) for severe obesity. Relative to overweight participants, those with normal weight and severe obesity exhibited a higher mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.21 [95%CI, 1.18–1.25] for normal; 1.27 [1.19–1.36] for severe obesity). In age-specific analyses, mortality risk was the highest for participants with severe obesity, aged < 60 years (HR, 1.58 [95%CI, 1.41–1.77]). Conclusion Disease burden including medical problems and expenditure, and mortality in middle-aged adults, increased proportionally to the degrees of obesity. Health policies and medical systems aimed at reducing the burden of obesity may help reduce the burden of disease on society. Graphical abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Obesity</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Comorbidity</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Mortality</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Medical cost</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Database</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Park, Do Joong</subfield><subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0001-9644-6127</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kim, Hyesung</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Park, HyeJin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Lee, Bora</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Nam, Hyeryeong</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kim, Sara</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kim, Sa-Hong</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kong, Seong-Ho</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Lee, Hyuk-Joon</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Yang, Han-Kwang</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Obesity surgery</subfield><subfield code="d">New York, NY : Springer, 1991</subfield><subfield code="g">33(2022), 1 vom: 08. 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Park, Ji-Hyeon Park, Do Joong Kim, Hyesung Park, HyeJin Lee, Bora Nam, Hyeryeong Kim, Sara Kim, Sa-Hong Kong, Seong-Ho Lee, Hyuk-Joon Yang, Han-Kwang |
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twelve-year trajectory of disease burden and mortality by obesity level in korea: analysis of the national health insurance service database |
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Twelve-Year Trajectory of Disease Burden and Mortality by Obesity Level in Korea: Analysis of the National Health Insurance Service Database |
| abstract |
Introduction Despite increases in obesity prevalence, awareness of obesity as a disease requiring active treatment remains lacking in Korea. We investigated differences in medical problems and expenditures and mortality across obesity categories using 12-year data from the National Health Insurance Service. Materials and Methods Individuals aged 40–79 years who underwent medical examinations during 2003–2004 (n = 415,201) were divided based on Asian body mass index (kg/$ m^{2} $) criteria: normal weight (18.5 to < 23.0, 36.4%), overweight (23.0 to < 25.0, 28.3%), obesity (25.0 to < 30.0, 32.5%), and severe obesity (≥ 30.0, 2.8%). Medical problems and expenditures were fitted to linear mixed models. Mortality was analyzed via Cox proportional-hazards model. Results More severe obesity was associated with a higher rate of medical problems, relative to normal weight: coefficient = 0.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30–0.32) for overweight, 0.61 (0.60–0.61) for obesity, and 1.07 (1.04–1.09) for severe obesity. A similar association was observed for medical expenditure: coefficient = 8.85 (95%CI, 6.80–10.89) for overweight, 20.04 (18.07–22.01) for obesity, and 48.76 (43.66–53.86) for severe obesity. Relative to overweight participants, those with normal weight and severe obesity exhibited a higher mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.21 [95%CI, 1.18–1.25] for normal; 1.27 [1.19–1.36] for severe obesity). In age-specific analyses, mortality risk was the highest for participants with severe obesity, aged < 60 years (HR, 1.58 [95%CI, 1.41–1.77]). Conclusion Disease burden including medical problems and expenditure, and mortality in middle-aged adults, increased proportionally to the degrees of obesity. Health policies and medical systems aimed at reducing the burden of obesity may help reduce the burden of disease on society. Graphical abstract © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
| abstractGer |
Introduction Despite increases in obesity prevalence, awareness of obesity as a disease requiring active treatment remains lacking in Korea. We investigated differences in medical problems and expenditures and mortality across obesity categories using 12-year data from the National Health Insurance Service. Materials and Methods Individuals aged 40–79 years who underwent medical examinations during 2003–2004 (n = 415,201) were divided based on Asian body mass index (kg/$ m^{2} $) criteria: normal weight (18.5 to < 23.0, 36.4%), overweight (23.0 to < 25.0, 28.3%), obesity (25.0 to < 30.0, 32.5%), and severe obesity (≥ 30.0, 2.8%). Medical problems and expenditures were fitted to linear mixed models. Mortality was analyzed via Cox proportional-hazards model. Results More severe obesity was associated with a higher rate of medical problems, relative to normal weight: coefficient = 0.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30–0.32) for overweight, 0.61 (0.60–0.61) for obesity, and 1.07 (1.04–1.09) for severe obesity. A similar association was observed for medical expenditure: coefficient = 8.85 (95%CI, 6.80–10.89) for overweight, 20.04 (18.07–22.01) for obesity, and 48.76 (43.66–53.86) for severe obesity. Relative to overweight participants, those with normal weight and severe obesity exhibited a higher mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.21 [95%CI, 1.18–1.25] for normal; 1.27 [1.19–1.36] for severe obesity). In age-specific analyses, mortality risk was the highest for participants with severe obesity, aged < 60 years (HR, 1.58 [95%CI, 1.41–1.77]). Conclusion Disease burden including medical problems and expenditure, and mortality in middle-aged adults, increased proportionally to the degrees of obesity. Health policies and medical systems aimed at reducing the burden of obesity may help reduce the burden of disease on society. Graphical abstract © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Introduction Despite increases in obesity prevalence, awareness of obesity as a disease requiring active treatment remains lacking in Korea. We investigated differences in medical problems and expenditures and mortality across obesity categories using 12-year data from the National Health Insurance Service. Materials and Methods Individuals aged 40–79 years who underwent medical examinations during 2003–2004 (n = 415,201) were divided based on Asian body mass index (kg/$ m^{2} $) criteria: normal weight (18.5 to < 23.0, 36.4%), overweight (23.0 to < 25.0, 28.3%), obesity (25.0 to < 30.0, 32.5%), and severe obesity (≥ 30.0, 2.8%). Medical problems and expenditures were fitted to linear mixed models. Mortality was analyzed via Cox proportional-hazards model. Results More severe obesity was associated with a higher rate of medical problems, relative to normal weight: coefficient = 0.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30–0.32) for overweight, 0.61 (0.60–0.61) for obesity, and 1.07 (1.04–1.09) for severe obesity. A similar association was observed for medical expenditure: coefficient = 8.85 (95%CI, 6.80–10.89) for overweight, 20.04 (18.07–22.01) for obesity, and 48.76 (43.66–53.86) for severe obesity. Relative to overweight participants, those with normal weight and severe obesity exhibited a higher mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.21 [95%CI, 1.18–1.25] for normal; 1.27 [1.19–1.36] for severe obesity). In age-specific analyses, mortality risk was the highest for participants with severe obesity, aged < 60 years (HR, 1.58 [95%CI, 1.41–1.77]). Conclusion Disease burden including medical problems and expenditure, and mortality in middle-aged adults, increased proportionally to the degrees of obesity. Health policies and medical systems aimed at reducing the burden of obesity may help reduce the burden of disease on society. Graphical abstract © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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| score |
7.3996468 |