Evolution of the Unfrozen Water Content for Partially-Saturated Sandstones and the Critical Degree of Saturation
Abstract The frost damage behaviors of rock mass largely depend on its water content. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to investigate the effects of the saturation degree on the evolution of unfrozen water content and the critical degree of saturation of rock mass. In this paper, san...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Weng, Lei [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2022 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Rock mechanics and rock engineering - Wien [u.a.] : Springer, 1969, 56(2022), 1 vom: 27. Sept., Seite 1-18 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:56 ; year:2022 ; number:1 ; day:27 ; month:09 ; pages:1-18 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s00603-022-03081-6 |
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SPR049171461 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract The frost damage behaviors of rock mass largely depend on its water content. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to investigate the effects of the saturation degree on the evolution of unfrozen water content and the critical degree of saturation of rock mass. In this paper, sandstone samples were diamond-cored and prepared to hold different degrees of saturation. The samples were frozen to a minimum temperature of – 25 °C, during which the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements were repeatedly performed to explore the changes in the transverse relaxation time (T2) distribution curves and the unfrozen water contents. The results indicate that most of the pore water at room temperature exists in the relatively smaller pores when the degree of saturation is lower than 60%. Upon freezing, the sandstone holding a lower degree of saturation exhibits a lower freezing speed and a higher residual unfrozen water content. Furthermore, the amounts of the unfrozen bound water of the 100% and 60% saturation samples slightly increase as the temperature drops to − 1 °C, whereas the unfrozen bound water content for the 30% saturation sample monotonically decreases during the freezing test. Based on the mechanical tests and the microscopic observation of the rock surfaces after cyclic freeze–thaw weathering, the critical degree of saturation for the studied sandstone was derived as 50%. The findings in this study provide meaningful guidance on the freeze–thaw damage prevention of the rock mass in cold regions. | ||
| 520 | |a Highlights The pore water distribution of the partially-saturated sandstones under freezing was quantitatively studied.An unfrozen water content prediction equation was proposed for the partially-saturated sandstones.The critical degree of saturation for the studied sandstone was determined. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Unfrozen water content |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Partially-saturated sandstone |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Freeze–thaw cycles |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Critical degree of saturation |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nuclear magnetic resonance |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wu, Zhijun |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chu, Zhaofei |0 (orcid)0000-0002-8804-9583 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lu, Haifeng |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Xu, Xiangyu |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Liu, Quansheng |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s00603-022-03081-6 doi (DE-627)SPR049171461 (SPR)s00603-022-03081-6-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Weng, Lei verfasserin aut Evolution of the Unfrozen Water Content for Partially-Saturated Sandstones and the Critical Degree of Saturation 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract The frost damage behaviors of rock mass largely depend on its water content. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to investigate the effects of the saturation degree on the evolution of unfrozen water content and the critical degree of saturation of rock mass. In this paper, sandstone samples were diamond-cored and prepared to hold different degrees of saturation. The samples were frozen to a minimum temperature of – 25 °C, during which the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements were repeatedly performed to explore the changes in the transverse relaxation time (T2) distribution curves and the unfrozen water contents. The results indicate that most of the pore water at room temperature exists in the relatively smaller pores when the degree of saturation is lower than 60%. Upon freezing, the sandstone holding a lower degree of saturation exhibits a lower freezing speed and a higher residual unfrozen water content. Furthermore, the amounts of the unfrozen bound water of the 100% and 60% saturation samples slightly increase as the temperature drops to − 1 °C, whereas the unfrozen bound water content for the 30% saturation sample monotonically decreases during the freezing test. Based on the mechanical tests and the microscopic observation of the rock surfaces after cyclic freeze–thaw weathering, the critical degree of saturation for the studied sandstone was derived as 50%. The findings in this study provide meaningful guidance on the freeze–thaw damage prevention of the rock mass in cold regions. Highlights The pore water distribution of the partially-saturated sandstones under freezing was quantitatively studied.An unfrozen water content prediction equation was proposed for the partially-saturated sandstones.The critical degree of saturation for the studied sandstone was determined. Unfrozen water content (dpeaa)DE-He213 Partially-saturated sandstone (dpeaa)DE-He213 Freeze–thaw cycles (dpeaa)DE-He213 Critical degree of saturation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nuclear magnetic resonance (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wu, Zhijun aut Chu, Zhaofei (orcid)0000-0002-8804-9583 aut Lu, Haifeng aut Xu, Xiangyu aut Liu, Quansheng aut Enthalten in Rock mechanics and rock engineering Wien [u.a.] : Springer, 1969 56(2022), 1 vom: 27. Sept., Seite 1-18 (DE-627)270128352 (DE-600)1476578-0 1434-453X nnns volume:56 year:2022 number:1 day:27 month:09 pages:1-18 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-03081-6 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 56 2022 1 27 09 1-18 |
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10.1007/s00603-022-03081-6 doi (DE-627)SPR049171461 (SPR)s00603-022-03081-6-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Weng, Lei verfasserin aut Evolution of the Unfrozen Water Content for Partially-Saturated Sandstones and the Critical Degree of Saturation 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract The frost damage behaviors of rock mass largely depend on its water content. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to investigate the effects of the saturation degree on the evolution of unfrozen water content and the critical degree of saturation of rock mass. In this paper, sandstone samples were diamond-cored and prepared to hold different degrees of saturation. The samples were frozen to a minimum temperature of – 25 °C, during which the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements were repeatedly performed to explore the changes in the transverse relaxation time (T2) distribution curves and the unfrozen water contents. The results indicate that most of the pore water at room temperature exists in the relatively smaller pores when the degree of saturation is lower than 60%. Upon freezing, the sandstone holding a lower degree of saturation exhibits a lower freezing speed and a higher residual unfrozen water content. Furthermore, the amounts of the unfrozen bound water of the 100% and 60% saturation samples slightly increase as the temperature drops to − 1 °C, whereas the unfrozen bound water content for the 30% saturation sample monotonically decreases during the freezing test. Based on the mechanical tests and the microscopic observation of the rock surfaces after cyclic freeze–thaw weathering, the critical degree of saturation for the studied sandstone was derived as 50%. The findings in this study provide meaningful guidance on the freeze–thaw damage prevention of the rock mass in cold regions. Highlights The pore water distribution of the partially-saturated sandstones under freezing was quantitatively studied.An unfrozen water content prediction equation was proposed for the partially-saturated sandstones.The critical degree of saturation for the studied sandstone was determined. Unfrozen water content (dpeaa)DE-He213 Partially-saturated sandstone (dpeaa)DE-He213 Freeze–thaw cycles (dpeaa)DE-He213 Critical degree of saturation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nuclear magnetic resonance (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wu, Zhijun aut Chu, Zhaofei (orcid)0000-0002-8804-9583 aut Lu, Haifeng aut Xu, Xiangyu aut Liu, Quansheng aut Enthalten in Rock mechanics and rock engineering Wien [u.a.] : Springer, 1969 56(2022), 1 vom: 27. Sept., Seite 1-18 (DE-627)270128352 (DE-600)1476578-0 1434-453X nnns volume:56 year:2022 number:1 day:27 month:09 pages:1-18 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-03081-6 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 56 2022 1 27 09 1-18 |
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10.1007/s00603-022-03081-6 doi (DE-627)SPR049171461 (SPR)s00603-022-03081-6-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Weng, Lei verfasserin aut Evolution of the Unfrozen Water Content for Partially-Saturated Sandstones and the Critical Degree of Saturation 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract The frost damage behaviors of rock mass largely depend on its water content. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to investigate the effects of the saturation degree on the evolution of unfrozen water content and the critical degree of saturation of rock mass. In this paper, sandstone samples were diamond-cored and prepared to hold different degrees of saturation. The samples were frozen to a minimum temperature of – 25 °C, during which the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements were repeatedly performed to explore the changes in the transverse relaxation time (T2) distribution curves and the unfrozen water contents. The results indicate that most of the pore water at room temperature exists in the relatively smaller pores when the degree of saturation is lower than 60%. Upon freezing, the sandstone holding a lower degree of saturation exhibits a lower freezing speed and a higher residual unfrozen water content. Furthermore, the amounts of the unfrozen bound water of the 100% and 60% saturation samples slightly increase as the temperature drops to − 1 °C, whereas the unfrozen bound water content for the 30% saturation sample monotonically decreases during the freezing test. Based on the mechanical tests and the microscopic observation of the rock surfaces after cyclic freeze–thaw weathering, the critical degree of saturation for the studied sandstone was derived as 50%. The findings in this study provide meaningful guidance on the freeze–thaw damage prevention of the rock mass in cold regions. Highlights The pore water distribution of the partially-saturated sandstones under freezing was quantitatively studied.An unfrozen water content prediction equation was proposed for the partially-saturated sandstones.The critical degree of saturation for the studied sandstone was determined. Unfrozen water content (dpeaa)DE-He213 Partially-saturated sandstone (dpeaa)DE-He213 Freeze–thaw cycles (dpeaa)DE-He213 Critical degree of saturation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nuclear magnetic resonance (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wu, Zhijun aut Chu, Zhaofei (orcid)0000-0002-8804-9583 aut Lu, Haifeng aut Xu, Xiangyu aut Liu, Quansheng aut Enthalten in Rock mechanics and rock engineering Wien [u.a.] : Springer, 1969 56(2022), 1 vom: 27. Sept., Seite 1-18 (DE-627)270128352 (DE-600)1476578-0 1434-453X nnns volume:56 year:2022 number:1 day:27 month:09 pages:1-18 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-03081-6 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 56 2022 1 27 09 1-18 |
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10.1007/s00603-022-03081-6 doi (DE-627)SPR049171461 (SPR)s00603-022-03081-6-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Weng, Lei verfasserin aut Evolution of the Unfrozen Water Content for Partially-Saturated Sandstones and the Critical Degree of Saturation 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract The frost damage behaviors of rock mass largely depend on its water content. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to investigate the effects of the saturation degree on the evolution of unfrozen water content and the critical degree of saturation of rock mass. In this paper, sandstone samples were diamond-cored and prepared to hold different degrees of saturation. The samples were frozen to a minimum temperature of – 25 °C, during which the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements were repeatedly performed to explore the changes in the transverse relaxation time (T2) distribution curves and the unfrozen water contents. The results indicate that most of the pore water at room temperature exists in the relatively smaller pores when the degree of saturation is lower than 60%. Upon freezing, the sandstone holding a lower degree of saturation exhibits a lower freezing speed and a higher residual unfrozen water content. Furthermore, the amounts of the unfrozen bound water of the 100% and 60% saturation samples slightly increase as the temperature drops to − 1 °C, whereas the unfrozen bound water content for the 30% saturation sample monotonically decreases during the freezing test. Based on the mechanical tests and the microscopic observation of the rock surfaces after cyclic freeze–thaw weathering, the critical degree of saturation for the studied sandstone was derived as 50%. The findings in this study provide meaningful guidance on the freeze–thaw damage prevention of the rock mass in cold regions. Highlights The pore water distribution of the partially-saturated sandstones under freezing was quantitatively studied.An unfrozen water content prediction equation was proposed for the partially-saturated sandstones.The critical degree of saturation for the studied sandstone was determined. Unfrozen water content (dpeaa)DE-He213 Partially-saturated sandstone (dpeaa)DE-He213 Freeze–thaw cycles (dpeaa)DE-He213 Critical degree of saturation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nuclear magnetic resonance (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wu, Zhijun aut Chu, Zhaofei (orcid)0000-0002-8804-9583 aut Lu, Haifeng aut Xu, Xiangyu aut Liu, Quansheng aut Enthalten in Rock mechanics and rock engineering Wien [u.a.] : Springer, 1969 56(2022), 1 vom: 27. Sept., Seite 1-18 (DE-627)270128352 (DE-600)1476578-0 1434-453X nnns volume:56 year:2022 number:1 day:27 month:09 pages:1-18 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-03081-6 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 56 2022 1 27 09 1-18 |
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10.1007/s00603-022-03081-6 doi (DE-627)SPR049171461 (SPR)s00603-022-03081-6-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Weng, Lei verfasserin aut Evolution of the Unfrozen Water Content for Partially-Saturated Sandstones and the Critical Degree of Saturation 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract The frost damage behaviors of rock mass largely depend on its water content. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to investigate the effects of the saturation degree on the evolution of unfrozen water content and the critical degree of saturation of rock mass. In this paper, sandstone samples were diamond-cored and prepared to hold different degrees of saturation. The samples were frozen to a minimum temperature of – 25 °C, during which the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements were repeatedly performed to explore the changes in the transverse relaxation time (T2) distribution curves and the unfrozen water contents. The results indicate that most of the pore water at room temperature exists in the relatively smaller pores when the degree of saturation is lower than 60%. Upon freezing, the sandstone holding a lower degree of saturation exhibits a lower freezing speed and a higher residual unfrozen water content. Furthermore, the amounts of the unfrozen bound water of the 100% and 60% saturation samples slightly increase as the temperature drops to − 1 °C, whereas the unfrozen bound water content for the 30% saturation sample monotonically decreases during the freezing test. Based on the mechanical tests and the microscopic observation of the rock surfaces after cyclic freeze–thaw weathering, the critical degree of saturation for the studied sandstone was derived as 50%. The findings in this study provide meaningful guidance on the freeze–thaw damage prevention of the rock mass in cold regions. Highlights The pore water distribution of the partially-saturated sandstones under freezing was quantitatively studied.An unfrozen water content prediction equation was proposed for the partially-saturated sandstones.The critical degree of saturation for the studied sandstone was determined. Unfrozen water content (dpeaa)DE-He213 Partially-saturated sandstone (dpeaa)DE-He213 Freeze–thaw cycles (dpeaa)DE-He213 Critical degree of saturation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nuclear magnetic resonance (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wu, Zhijun aut Chu, Zhaofei (orcid)0000-0002-8804-9583 aut Lu, Haifeng aut Xu, Xiangyu aut Liu, Quansheng aut Enthalten in Rock mechanics and rock engineering Wien [u.a.] : Springer, 1969 56(2022), 1 vom: 27. Sept., Seite 1-18 (DE-627)270128352 (DE-600)1476578-0 1434-453X nnns volume:56 year:2022 number:1 day:27 month:09 pages:1-18 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-03081-6 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 56 2022 1 27 09 1-18 |
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Enthalten in Rock mechanics and rock engineering 56(2022), 1 vom: 27. Sept., Seite 1-18 volume:56 year:2022 number:1 day:27 month:09 pages:1-18 |
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Enthalten in Rock mechanics and rock engineering 56(2022), 1 vom: 27. Sept., Seite 1-18 volume:56 year:2022 number:1 day:27 month:09 pages:1-18 |
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Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract The frost damage behaviors of rock mass largely depend on its water content. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to investigate the effects of the saturation degree on the evolution of unfrozen water content and the critical degree of saturation of rock mass. In this paper, sandstone samples were diamond-cored and prepared to hold different degrees of saturation. The samples were frozen to a minimum temperature of – 25 °C, during which the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements were repeatedly performed to explore the changes in the transverse relaxation time (T2) distribution curves and the unfrozen water contents. The results indicate that most of the pore water at room temperature exists in the relatively smaller pores when the degree of saturation is lower than 60%. Upon freezing, the sandstone holding a lower degree of saturation exhibits a lower freezing speed and a higher residual unfrozen water content. Furthermore, the amounts of the unfrozen bound water of the 100% and 60% saturation samples slightly increase as the temperature drops to − 1 °C, whereas the unfrozen bound water content for the 30% saturation sample monotonically decreases during the freezing test. Based on the mechanical tests and the microscopic observation of the rock surfaces after cyclic freeze–thaw weathering, the critical degree of saturation for the studied sandstone was derived as 50%. The findings in this study provide meaningful guidance on the freeze–thaw damage prevention of the rock mass in cold regions.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Highlights The pore water distribution of the partially-saturated sandstones under freezing was quantitatively studied.An unfrozen water content prediction equation was proposed for the partially-saturated sandstones.The critical degree of saturation for the studied sandstone was determined.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Unfrozen water content</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Partially-saturated sandstone</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Freeze–thaw cycles</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Critical degree of saturation</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Nuclear magnetic resonance</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Wu, Zhijun</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Chu, Zhaofei</subfield><subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0002-8804-9583</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Lu, Haifeng</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Xu, Xiangyu</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Liu, Quansheng</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Rock mechanics and rock engineering</subfield><subfield code="d">Wien [u.a.] : Springer, 1969</subfield><subfield code="g">56(2022), 1 vom: 27. 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|
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Weng, Lei |
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Weng, Lei misc Unfrozen water content misc Partially-saturated sandstone misc Freeze–thaw cycles misc Critical degree of saturation misc Nuclear magnetic resonance Evolution of the Unfrozen Water Content for Partially-Saturated Sandstones and the Critical Degree of Saturation |
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Evolution of the Unfrozen Water Content for Partially-Saturated Sandstones and the Critical Degree of Saturation Unfrozen water content (dpeaa)DE-He213 Partially-saturated sandstone (dpeaa)DE-He213 Freeze–thaw cycles (dpeaa)DE-He213 Critical degree of saturation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nuclear magnetic resonance (dpeaa)DE-He213 |
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misc Unfrozen water content misc Partially-saturated sandstone misc Freeze–thaw cycles misc Critical degree of saturation misc Nuclear magnetic resonance |
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misc Unfrozen water content misc Partially-saturated sandstone misc Freeze–thaw cycles misc Critical degree of saturation misc Nuclear magnetic resonance |
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Evolution of the Unfrozen Water Content for Partially-Saturated Sandstones and the Critical Degree of Saturation |
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Evolution of the Unfrozen Water Content for Partially-Saturated Sandstones and the Critical Degree of Saturation |
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evolution of the unfrozen water content for partially-saturated sandstones and the critical degree of saturation |
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Evolution of the Unfrozen Water Content for Partially-Saturated Sandstones and the Critical Degree of Saturation |
| abstract |
Abstract The frost damage behaviors of rock mass largely depend on its water content. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to investigate the effects of the saturation degree on the evolution of unfrozen water content and the critical degree of saturation of rock mass. In this paper, sandstone samples were diamond-cored and prepared to hold different degrees of saturation. The samples were frozen to a minimum temperature of – 25 °C, during which the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements were repeatedly performed to explore the changes in the transverse relaxation time (T2) distribution curves and the unfrozen water contents. The results indicate that most of the pore water at room temperature exists in the relatively smaller pores when the degree of saturation is lower than 60%. Upon freezing, the sandstone holding a lower degree of saturation exhibits a lower freezing speed and a higher residual unfrozen water content. Furthermore, the amounts of the unfrozen bound water of the 100% and 60% saturation samples slightly increase as the temperature drops to − 1 °C, whereas the unfrozen bound water content for the 30% saturation sample monotonically decreases during the freezing test. Based on the mechanical tests and the microscopic observation of the rock surfaces after cyclic freeze–thaw weathering, the critical degree of saturation for the studied sandstone was derived as 50%. The findings in this study provide meaningful guidance on the freeze–thaw damage prevention of the rock mass in cold regions. Highlights The pore water distribution of the partially-saturated sandstones under freezing was quantitatively studied.An unfrozen water content prediction equation was proposed for the partially-saturated sandstones.The critical degree of saturation for the studied sandstone was determined. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
| abstractGer |
Abstract The frost damage behaviors of rock mass largely depend on its water content. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to investigate the effects of the saturation degree on the evolution of unfrozen water content and the critical degree of saturation of rock mass. In this paper, sandstone samples were diamond-cored and prepared to hold different degrees of saturation. The samples were frozen to a minimum temperature of – 25 °C, during which the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements were repeatedly performed to explore the changes in the transverse relaxation time (T2) distribution curves and the unfrozen water contents. The results indicate that most of the pore water at room temperature exists in the relatively smaller pores when the degree of saturation is lower than 60%. Upon freezing, the sandstone holding a lower degree of saturation exhibits a lower freezing speed and a higher residual unfrozen water content. Furthermore, the amounts of the unfrozen bound water of the 100% and 60% saturation samples slightly increase as the temperature drops to − 1 °C, whereas the unfrozen bound water content for the 30% saturation sample monotonically decreases during the freezing test. Based on the mechanical tests and the microscopic observation of the rock surfaces after cyclic freeze–thaw weathering, the critical degree of saturation for the studied sandstone was derived as 50%. The findings in this study provide meaningful guidance on the freeze–thaw damage prevention of the rock mass in cold regions. Highlights The pore water distribution of the partially-saturated sandstones under freezing was quantitatively studied.An unfrozen water content prediction equation was proposed for the partially-saturated sandstones.The critical degree of saturation for the studied sandstone was determined. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract The frost damage behaviors of rock mass largely depend on its water content. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to investigate the effects of the saturation degree on the evolution of unfrozen water content and the critical degree of saturation of rock mass. In this paper, sandstone samples were diamond-cored and prepared to hold different degrees of saturation. The samples were frozen to a minimum temperature of – 25 °C, during which the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements were repeatedly performed to explore the changes in the transverse relaxation time (T2) distribution curves and the unfrozen water contents. The results indicate that most of the pore water at room temperature exists in the relatively smaller pores when the degree of saturation is lower than 60%. Upon freezing, the sandstone holding a lower degree of saturation exhibits a lower freezing speed and a higher residual unfrozen water content. Furthermore, the amounts of the unfrozen bound water of the 100% and 60% saturation samples slightly increase as the temperature drops to − 1 °C, whereas the unfrozen bound water content for the 30% saturation sample monotonically decreases during the freezing test. Based on the mechanical tests and the microscopic observation of the rock surfaces after cyclic freeze–thaw weathering, the critical degree of saturation for the studied sandstone was derived as 50%. The findings in this study provide meaningful guidance on the freeze–thaw damage prevention of the rock mass in cold regions. Highlights The pore water distribution of the partially-saturated sandstones under freezing was quantitatively studied.An unfrozen water content prediction equation was proposed for the partially-saturated sandstones.The critical degree of saturation for the studied sandstone was determined. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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Evolution of the Unfrozen Water Content for Partially-Saturated Sandstones and the Critical Degree of Saturation |
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-03081-6 |
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Wu, Zhijun Chu, Zhaofei Lu, Haifeng Xu, Xiangyu Liu, Quansheng |
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Wu, Zhijun Chu, Zhaofei Lu, Haifeng Xu, Xiangyu Liu, Quansheng |
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10.1007/s00603-022-03081-6 |
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| score |
7.4008055 |