Experimental study of castor biodiesel ternary blends with ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether in a diesel engine
Energy consumption is growing with each passing day. With the declining oil resources and environmental concerns for the power and transport sector, a search for better alternative is desired. Here, biofuels are one potential source in which castor bean plant, being a non-edible crop, has advantage...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Ahmad, Saad [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2022 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry - Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1969, 148(2022), 3 vom: 23. Nov., Seite 927-941 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:148 ; year:2022 ; number:3 ; day:23 ; month:11 ; pages:927-941 |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s10973-022-11786-7 |
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SPR049209191 |
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| 520 | |a Energy consumption is growing with each passing day. With the declining oil resources and environmental concerns for the power and transport sector, a search for better alternative is desired. Here, biofuels are one potential source in which castor bean plant, being a non-edible crop, has advantage of facile cultivation in Pakistan. However, castor oil biodiesel suffers from poor performance due to its high viscosity. To overcome this challenge, few researchers tested oxygenated additive-based ternary blends especially with castor biodiesel. Moreover, there is no comparative analysis on performance and emissions of these ternary blends among themselves in a single engine. Hence, we investigated, the effect of castor biodiesel–diesel blend with different oxygenated additives in detail. Ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether were used as additives. It was observed that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for all blends was lower up to 3.3 kW brake power. Upon increasing to 4.24 kW, the four blends showed higher BTE of up to 30% for the first time by addition of 5% diethyl ether. We also report a significant reduction of $ NO_{x} $ (minimum value of 550 ppm) and HC emissions (minimum value of 19.5 ppm) for all ternary blends. The key highlights revealed diethyl ether blend with B20 significantly decreased brake-specific energy consumption by 8%, increased brake thermal efficiency by 8.76%, decreased brake-specific fuel consumption by 2.6% and decreased CO and HC emissions by 15.7% and 47.3%, respectively, at highest applied load against brake power of 4.24 kW when compared with diesel. Furthermore, it also showed significant reduction in $ NO_{x} $ and $ CO_{2} $ emissions at all loads. Our study would be useful for finding economic as well as environmentally friendly renewable energy sources to substitute diesel with castor-based B20 blends. Graphical Abstract | ||
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10.1007/s10973-022-11786-7 doi (DE-627)SPR049209191 (SPR)s10973-022-11786-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ahmad, Saad verfasserin aut Experimental study of castor biodiesel ternary blends with ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether in a diesel engine 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Energy consumption is growing with each passing day. With the declining oil resources and environmental concerns for the power and transport sector, a search for better alternative is desired. Here, biofuels are one potential source in which castor bean plant, being a non-edible crop, has advantage of facile cultivation in Pakistan. However, castor oil biodiesel suffers from poor performance due to its high viscosity. To overcome this challenge, few researchers tested oxygenated additive-based ternary blends especially with castor biodiesel. Moreover, there is no comparative analysis on performance and emissions of these ternary blends among themselves in a single engine. Hence, we investigated, the effect of castor biodiesel–diesel blend with different oxygenated additives in detail. Ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether were used as additives. It was observed that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for all blends was lower up to 3.3 kW brake power. Upon increasing to 4.24 kW, the four blends showed higher BTE of up to 30% for the first time by addition of 5% diethyl ether. We also report a significant reduction of $ NO_{x} $ (minimum value of 550 ppm) and HC emissions (minimum value of 19.5 ppm) for all ternary blends. The key highlights revealed diethyl ether blend with B20 significantly decreased brake-specific energy consumption by 8%, increased brake thermal efficiency by 8.76%, decreased brake-specific fuel consumption by 2.6% and decreased CO and HC emissions by 15.7% and 47.3%, respectively, at highest applied load against brake power of 4.24 kW when compared with diesel. Furthermore, it also showed significant reduction in $ NO_{x} $ and $ CO_{2} $ emissions at all loads. Our study would be useful for finding economic as well as environmentally friendly renewable energy sources to substitute diesel with castor-based B20 blends. Graphical Abstract Castor biodiesel (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ternary blends (dpeaa)DE-He213 Oxygenated additives (dpeaa)DE-He213 Engine performance (dpeaa)DE-He213 Emissions (dpeaa)DE-He213 Jafry, Ali Turab (orcid)0000-0002-0976-175X aut Haq, Muteeb ul aut Asif, Muhammad aut Ahmad, Khurshid aut Zafar, Fahad Ullah aut Enthalten in Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1969 148(2022), 3 vom: 23. Nov., Seite 927-941 (DE-627)315295422 (DE-600)2017304-0 1572-8943 nnns volume:148 year:2022 number:3 day:23 month:11 pages:927-941 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11786-7 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 148 2022 3 23 11 927-941 |
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10.1007/s10973-022-11786-7 doi (DE-627)SPR049209191 (SPR)s10973-022-11786-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ahmad, Saad verfasserin aut Experimental study of castor biodiesel ternary blends with ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether in a diesel engine 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Energy consumption is growing with each passing day. With the declining oil resources and environmental concerns for the power and transport sector, a search for better alternative is desired. Here, biofuels are one potential source in which castor bean plant, being a non-edible crop, has advantage of facile cultivation in Pakistan. However, castor oil biodiesel suffers from poor performance due to its high viscosity. To overcome this challenge, few researchers tested oxygenated additive-based ternary blends especially with castor biodiesel. Moreover, there is no comparative analysis on performance and emissions of these ternary blends among themselves in a single engine. Hence, we investigated, the effect of castor biodiesel–diesel blend with different oxygenated additives in detail. Ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether were used as additives. It was observed that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for all blends was lower up to 3.3 kW brake power. Upon increasing to 4.24 kW, the four blends showed higher BTE of up to 30% for the first time by addition of 5% diethyl ether. We also report a significant reduction of $ NO_{x} $ (minimum value of 550 ppm) and HC emissions (minimum value of 19.5 ppm) for all ternary blends. The key highlights revealed diethyl ether blend with B20 significantly decreased brake-specific energy consumption by 8%, increased brake thermal efficiency by 8.76%, decreased brake-specific fuel consumption by 2.6% and decreased CO and HC emissions by 15.7% and 47.3%, respectively, at highest applied load against brake power of 4.24 kW when compared with diesel. Furthermore, it also showed significant reduction in $ NO_{x} $ and $ CO_{2} $ emissions at all loads. Our study would be useful for finding economic as well as environmentally friendly renewable energy sources to substitute diesel with castor-based B20 blends. Graphical Abstract Castor biodiesel (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ternary blends (dpeaa)DE-He213 Oxygenated additives (dpeaa)DE-He213 Engine performance (dpeaa)DE-He213 Emissions (dpeaa)DE-He213 Jafry, Ali Turab (orcid)0000-0002-0976-175X aut Haq, Muteeb ul aut Asif, Muhammad aut Ahmad, Khurshid aut Zafar, Fahad Ullah aut Enthalten in Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1969 148(2022), 3 vom: 23. Nov., Seite 927-941 (DE-627)315295422 (DE-600)2017304-0 1572-8943 nnns volume:148 year:2022 number:3 day:23 month:11 pages:927-941 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11786-7 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 148 2022 3 23 11 927-941 |
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10.1007/s10973-022-11786-7 doi (DE-627)SPR049209191 (SPR)s10973-022-11786-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ahmad, Saad verfasserin aut Experimental study of castor biodiesel ternary blends with ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether in a diesel engine 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Energy consumption is growing with each passing day. With the declining oil resources and environmental concerns for the power and transport sector, a search for better alternative is desired. Here, biofuels are one potential source in which castor bean plant, being a non-edible crop, has advantage of facile cultivation in Pakistan. However, castor oil biodiesel suffers from poor performance due to its high viscosity. To overcome this challenge, few researchers tested oxygenated additive-based ternary blends especially with castor biodiesel. Moreover, there is no comparative analysis on performance and emissions of these ternary blends among themselves in a single engine. Hence, we investigated, the effect of castor biodiesel–diesel blend with different oxygenated additives in detail. Ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether were used as additives. It was observed that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for all blends was lower up to 3.3 kW brake power. Upon increasing to 4.24 kW, the four blends showed higher BTE of up to 30% for the first time by addition of 5% diethyl ether. We also report a significant reduction of $ NO_{x} $ (minimum value of 550 ppm) and HC emissions (minimum value of 19.5 ppm) for all ternary blends. The key highlights revealed diethyl ether blend with B20 significantly decreased brake-specific energy consumption by 8%, increased brake thermal efficiency by 8.76%, decreased brake-specific fuel consumption by 2.6% and decreased CO and HC emissions by 15.7% and 47.3%, respectively, at highest applied load against brake power of 4.24 kW when compared with diesel. Furthermore, it also showed significant reduction in $ NO_{x} $ and $ CO_{2} $ emissions at all loads. Our study would be useful for finding economic as well as environmentally friendly renewable energy sources to substitute diesel with castor-based B20 blends. Graphical Abstract Castor biodiesel (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ternary blends (dpeaa)DE-He213 Oxygenated additives (dpeaa)DE-He213 Engine performance (dpeaa)DE-He213 Emissions (dpeaa)DE-He213 Jafry, Ali Turab (orcid)0000-0002-0976-175X aut Haq, Muteeb ul aut Asif, Muhammad aut Ahmad, Khurshid aut Zafar, Fahad Ullah aut Enthalten in Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1969 148(2022), 3 vom: 23. Nov., Seite 927-941 (DE-627)315295422 (DE-600)2017304-0 1572-8943 nnns volume:148 year:2022 number:3 day:23 month:11 pages:927-941 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11786-7 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 148 2022 3 23 11 927-941 |
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10.1007/s10973-022-11786-7 doi (DE-627)SPR049209191 (SPR)s10973-022-11786-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ahmad, Saad verfasserin aut Experimental study of castor biodiesel ternary blends with ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether in a diesel engine 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Energy consumption is growing with each passing day. With the declining oil resources and environmental concerns for the power and transport sector, a search for better alternative is desired. Here, biofuels are one potential source in which castor bean plant, being a non-edible crop, has advantage of facile cultivation in Pakistan. However, castor oil biodiesel suffers from poor performance due to its high viscosity. To overcome this challenge, few researchers tested oxygenated additive-based ternary blends especially with castor biodiesel. Moreover, there is no comparative analysis on performance and emissions of these ternary blends among themselves in a single engine. Hence, we investigated, the effect of castor biodiesel–diesel blend with different oxygenated additives in detail. Ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether were used as additives. It was observed that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for all blends was lower up to 3.3 kW brake power. Upon increasing to 4.24 kW, the four blends showed higher BTE of up to 30% for the first time by addition of 5% diethyl ether. We also report a significant reduction of $ NO_{x} $ (minimum value of 550 ppm) and HC emissions (minimum value of 19.5 ppm) for all ternary blends. The key highlights revealed diethyl ether blend with B20 significantly decreased brake-specific energy consumption by 8%, increased brake thermal efficiency by 8.76%, decreased brake-specific fuel consumption by 2.6% and decreased CO and HC emissions by 15.7% and 47.3%, respectively, at highest applied load against brake power of 4.24 kW when compared with diesel. Furthermore, it also showed significant reduction in $ NO_{x} $ and $ CO_{2} $ emissions at all loads. Our study would be useful for finding economic as well as environmentally friendly renewable energy sources to substitute diesel with castor-based B20 blends. Graphical Abstract Castor biodiesel (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ternary blends (dpeaa)DE-He213 Oxygenated additives (dpeaa)DE-He213 Engine performance (dpeaa)DE-He213 Emissions (dpeaa)DE-He213 Jafry, Ali Turab (orcid)0000-0002-0976-175X aut Haq, Muteeb ul aut Asif, Muhammad aut Ahmad, Khurshid aut Zafar, Fahad Ullah aut Enthalten in Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1969 148(2022), 3 vom: 23. Nov., Seite 927-941 (DE-627)315295422 (DE-600)2017304-0 1572-8943 nnns volume:148 year:2022 number:3 day:23 month:11 pages:927-941 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11786-7 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 148 2022 3 23 11 927-941 |
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10.1007/s10973-022-11786-7 doi (DE-627)SPR049209191 (SPR)s10973-022-11786-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ahmad, Saad verfasserin aut Experimental study of castor biodiesel ternary blends with ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether in a diesel engine 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Energy consumption is growing with each passing day. With the declining oil resources and environmental concerns for the power and transport sector, a search for better alternative is desired. Here, biofuels are one potential source in which castor bean plant, being a non-edible crop, has advantage of facile cultivation in Pakistan. However, castor oil biodiesel suffers from poor performance due to its high viscosity. To overcome this challenge, few researchers tested oxygenated additive-based ternary blends especially with castor biodiesel. Moreover, there is no comparative analysis on performance and emissions of these ternary blends among themselves in a single engine. Hence, we investigated, the effect of castor biodiesel–diesel blend with different oxygenated additives in detail. Ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether were used as additives. It was observed that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for all blends was lower up to 3.3 kW brake power. Upon increasing to 4.24 kW, the four blends showed higher BTE of up to 30% for the first time by addition of 5% diethyl ether. We also report a significant reduction of $ NO_{x} $ (minimum value of 550 ppm) and HC emissions (minimum value of 19.5 ppm) for all ternary blends. The key highlights revealed diethyl ether blend with B20 significantly decreased brake-specific energy consumption by 8%, increased brake thermal efficiency by 8.76%, decreased brake-specific fuel consumption by 2.6% and decreased CO and HC emissions by 15.7% and 47.3%, respectively, at highest applied load against brake power of 4.24 kW when compared with diesel. Furthermore, it also showed significant reduction in $ NO_{x} $ and $ CO_{2} $ emissions at all loads. Our study would be useful for finding economic as well as environmentally friendly renewable energy sources to substitute diesel with castor-based B20 blends. Graphical Abstract Castor biodiesel (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ternary blends (dpeaa)DE-He213 Oxygenated additives (dpeaa)DE-He213 Engine performance (dpeaa)DE-He213 Emissions (dpeaa)DE-He213 Jafry, Ali Turab (orcid)0000-0002-0976-175X aut Haq, Muteeb ul aut Asif, Muhammad aut Ahmad, Khurshid aut Zafar, Fahad Ullah aut Enthalten in Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1969 148(2022), 3 vom: 23. Nov., Seite 927-941 (DE-627)315295422 (DE-600)2017304-0 1572-8943 nnns volume:148 year:2022 number:3 day:23 month:11 pages:927-941 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11786-7 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 148 2022 3 23 11 927-941 |
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Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Energy consumption is growing with each passing day. With the declining oil resources and environmental concerns for the power and transport sector, a search for better alternative is desired. Here, biofuels are one potential source in which castor bean plant, being a non-edible crop, has advantage of facile cultivation in Pakistan. However, castor oil biodiesel suffers from poor performance due to its high viscosity. To overcome this challenge, few researchers tested oxygenated additive-based ternary blends especially with castor biodiesel. Moreover, there is no comparative analysis on performance and emissions of these ternary blends among themselves in a single engine. Hence, we investigated, the effect of castor biodiesel–diesel blend with different oxygenated additives in detail. Ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether were used as additives. It was observed that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for all blends was lower up to 3.3 kW brake power. Upon increasing to 4.24 kW, the four blends showed higher BTE of up to 30% for the first time by addition of 5% diethyl ether. We also report a significant reduction of $ NO_{x} $ (minimum value of 550 ppm) and HC emissions (minimum value of 19.5 ppm) for all ternary blends. The key highlights revealed diethyl ether blend with B20 significantly decreased brake-specific energy consumption by 8%, increased brake thermal efficiency by 8.76%, decreased brake-specific fuel consumption by 2.6% and decreased CO and HC emissions by 15.7% and 47.3%, respectively, at highest applied load against brake power of 4.24 kW when compared with diesel. Furthermore, it also showed significant reduction in $ NO_{x} $ and $ CO_{2} $ emissions at all loads. Our study would be useful for finding economic as well as environmentally friendly renewable energy sources to substitute diesel with castor-based B20 blends. Graphical Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Castor biodiesel</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Ternary blends</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Oxygenated additives</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Engine performance</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Emissions</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Jafry, Ali Turab</subfield><subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0002-0976-175X</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Haq, Muteeb ul</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Asif, Muhammad</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ahmad, Khurshid</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zafar, Fahad Ullah</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry</subfield><subfield code="d">Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1969</subfield><subfield code="g">148(2022), 3 vom: 23. 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Ahmad, Saad |
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Ahmad, Saad misc Castor biodiesel misc Ternary blends misc Oxygenated additives misc Engine performance misc Emissions Experimental study of castor biodiesel ternary blends with ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether in a diesel engine |
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Experimental study of castor biodiesel ternary blends with ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether in a diesel engine Castor biodiesel (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ternary blends (dpeaa)DE-He213 Oxygenated additives (dpeaa)DE-He213 Engine performance (dpeaa)DE-He213 Emissions (dpeaa)DE-He213 |
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Experimental study of castor biodiesel ternary blends with ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether in a diesel engine |
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Experimental study of castor biodiesel ternary blends with ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether in a diesel engine |
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experimental study of castor biodiesel ternary blends with ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether in a diesel engine |
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Experimental study of castor biodiesel ternary blends with ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether in a diesel engine |
| abstract |
Energy consumption is growing with each passing day. With the declining oil resources and environmental concerns for the power and transport sector, a search for better alternative is desired. Here, biofuels are one potential source in which castor bean plant, being a non-edible crop, has advantage of facile cultivation in Pakistan. However, castor oil biodiesel suffers from poor performance due to its high viscosity. To overcome this challenge, few researchers tested oxygenated additive-based ternary blends especially with castor biodiesel. Moreover, there is no comparative analysis on performance and emissions of these ternary blends among themselves in a single engine. Hence, we investigated, the effect of castor biodiesel–diesel blend with different oxygenated additives in detail. Ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether were used as additives. It was observed that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for all blends was lower up to 3.3 kW brake power. Upon increasing to 4.24 kW, the four blends showed higher BTE of up to 30% for the first time by addition of 5% diethyl ether. We also report a significant reduction of $ NO_{x} $ (minimum value of 550 ppm) and HC emissions (minimum value of 19.5 ppm) for all ternary blends. The key highlights revealed diethyl ether blend with B20 significantly decreased brake-specific energy consumption by 8%, increased brake thermal efficiency by 8.76%, decreased brake-specific fuel consumption by 2.6% and decreased CO and HC emissions by 15.7% and 47.3%, respectively, at highest applied load against brake power of 4.24 kW when compared with diesel. Furthermore, it also showed significant reduction in $ NO_{x} $ and $ CO_{2} $ emissions at all loads. Our study would be useful for finding economic as well as environmentally friendly renewable energy sources to substitute diesel with castor-based B20 blends. Graphical Abstract © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
| abstractGer |
Energy consumption is growing with each passing day. With the declining oil resources and environmental concerns for the power and transport sector, a search for better alternative is desired. Here, biofuels are one potential source in which castor bean plant, being a non-edible crop, has advantage of facile cultivation in Pakistan. However, castor oil biodiesel suffers from poor performance due to its high viscosity. To overcome this challenge, few researchers tested oxygenated additive-based ternary blends especially with castor biodiesel. Moreover, there is no comparative analysis on performance and emissions of these ternary blends among themselves in a single engine. Hence, we investigated, the effect of castor biodiesel–diesel blend with different oxygenated additives in detail. Ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether were used as additives. It was observed that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for all blends was lower up to 3.3 kW brake power. Upon increasing to 4.24 kW, the four blends showed higher BTE of up to 30% for the first time by addition of 5% diethyl ether. We also report a significant reduction of $ NO_{x} $ (minimum value of 550 ppm) and HC emissions (minimum value of 19.5 ppm) for all ternary blends. The key highlights revealed diethyl ether blend with B20 significantly decreased brake-specific energy consumption by 8%, increased brake thermal efficiency by 8.76%, decreased brake-specific fuel consumption by 2.6% and decreased CO and HC emissions by 15.7% and 47.3%, respectively, at highest applied load against brake power of 4.24 kW when compared with diesel. Furthermore, it also showed significant reduction in $ NO_{x} $ and $ CO_{2} $ emissions at all loads. Our study would be useful for finding economic as well as environmentally friendly renewable energy sources to substitute diesel with castor-based B20 blends. Graphical Abstract © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Energy consumption is growing with each passing day. With the declining oil resources and environmental concerns for the power and transport sector, a search for better alternative is desired. Here, biofuels are one potential source in which castor bean plant, being a non-edible crop, has advantage of facile cultivation in Pakistan. However, castor oil biodiesel suffers from poor performance due to its high viscosity. To overcome this challenge, few researchers tested oxygenated additive-based ternary blends especially with castor biodiesel. Moreover, there is no comparative analysis on performance and emissions of these ternary blends among themselves in a single engine. Hence, we investigated, the effect of castor biodiesel–diesel blend with different oxygenated additives in detail. Ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether were used as additives. It was observed that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for all blends was lower up to 3.3 kW brake power. Upon increasing to 4.24 kW, the four blends showed higher BTE of up to 30% for the first time by addition of 5% diethyl ether. We also report a significant reduction of $ NO_{x} $ (minimum value of 550 ppm) and HC emissions (minimum value of 19.5 ppm) for all ternary blends. The key highlights revealed diethyl ether blend with B20 significantly decreased brake-specific energy consumption by 8%, increased brake thermal efficiency by 8.76%, decreased brake-specific fuel consumption by 2.6% and decreased CO and HC emissions by 15.7% and 47.3%, respectively, at highest applied load against brake power of 4.24 kW when compared with diesel. Furthermore, it also showed significant reduction in $ NO_{x} $ and $ CO_{2} $ emissions at all loads. Our study would be useful for finding economic as well as environmentally friendly renewable energy sources to substitute diesel with castor-based B20 blends. Graphical Abstract © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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Experimental study of castor biodiesel ternary blends with ethanol, butanol, diethyl ether and dibutyl ether in a diesel engine |
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11786-7 |
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Jafry, Ali Turab Haq, Muteeb ul Asif, Muhammad Ahmad, Khurshid Zafar, Fahad Ullah |
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| score |
7.401717 |