Biochar improves soil quality and wheat yield in saline-alkali soils beyond organic fertilizer in a 3-year field trial

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the effects of biochar compared to organic fertilizer on soil quality and wheat yield in the saline-alkaline lands. A 3-year field trial was conducted on moderately saline-alkaline land in the Yellow River Delta region (YRD) with six treatments: bi...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

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Autor*in:	Wang, Shibin [verfasserIn] Gao, Peiling Zhang, Qingwen Shi, Yulong Guo, Xianglin Lv, Qingxin Wu, Wei Zhang, Xue Li, Mengzhao Meng, Qingmei

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	Saline-alkali soil Soil microbial biomass Yield Soil nutrients Soil salinity

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Environmental science and pollution research - Berlin : Springer, 1994, 30(2022), 7 vom: 12. Okt., Seite 19097-19110
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:30 ; year:2022 ; number:7 ; day:12 ; month:10 ; pages:19097-19110

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s11356-022-23499-3

Katalog-ID:	SPR049333542

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520			\|a Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the effects of biochar compared to organic fertilizer on soil quality and wheat yield in the saline-alkaline lands. A 3-year field trial was conducted on moderately saline-alkaline land in the Yellow River Delta region (YRD) with six treatments: biochar (B1: 5 t, B2: 10 t, B3: 20 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) and organic fertilizer (OF1: 5 t, OF2: 7.5 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) as well as control (CK). The results showed that both biochar and organic fertilizer increased total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), $ NH_{4} $+-N, and $ NO_{3} $−-N, and reduced pH, thereby increasing soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), MBC/TOC ratio, and MBN/TN ratio, but organic fertilizer increased soil nutrients and microbial biomass better than biochar. Correlation analysis revealed that soil water content (SWC), soil salt content (SSC), and $ Na^{+} $ were the most important factors influencing wheat yield. When compared to CK, the SSC and $ Na^{+} $ decreased by 5.55–7.52% and 3.86–9.39%, respectively, and SWC increased by 5.14–5.62% in the biochar treatment, while they increased by 1.07–10.19%, 1.08–7.58%, and 2.96–3.84% in the organic fertilizer treatment, respectively. Accordingly, wheat yield of biochar treatment was 0.90–14.71% higher than that of organic fertilizer treatment (4.49–4.80 t $ ha^{−1} $) and CK (4.47 t $ ha^{−1} $). Collectively, B2 had the lowest SSC and $ Na^{+} $ and the highest yield and was significantly better than the organic fertilizer treatment, as well as efficiently increasing soil nutrients and microbial biomass, suggesting that it may be a better agricultural practice for improving soil quality and increasing wheat yield in the YRD.
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700	1		\|a Meng, Qingmei \|4 aut
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_187
912			\|a GBV_ILN_213
912			\|a GBV_ILN_224
912			\|a GBV_ILN_230
912			\|a GBV_ILN_250
912			\|a GBV_ILN_281
912			\|a GBV_ILN_285
912			\|a GBV_ILN_293
912			\|a GBV_ILN_370
912			\|a GBV_ILN_381
912			\|a GBV_ILN_602
912			\|a GBV_ILN_636
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_2010
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2011
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2014
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2015
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_2037
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_2044
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2048
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2049
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_2056
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2057
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allfields	10.1007/s11356-022-23499-3 doi (DE-627)SPR049333542 (SPR)s11356-022-23499-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Wang, Shibin verfasserin aut Biochar improves soil quality and wheat yield in saline-alkali soils beyond organic fertilizer in a 3-year field trial 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the effects of biochar compared to organic fertilizer on soil quality and wheat yield in the saline-alkaline lands. A 3-year field trial was conducted on moderately saline-alkaline land in the Yellow River Delta region (YRD) with six treatments: biochar (B1: 5 t, B2: 10 t, B3: 20 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) and organic fertilizer (OF1: 5 t, OF2: 7.5 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) as well as control (CK). The results showed that both biochar and organic fertilizer increased total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), $ NH_{4} $+-N, and $ NO_{3} $−-N, and reduced pH, thereby increasing soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), MBC/TOC ratio, and MBN/TN ratio, but organic fertilizer increased soil nutrients and microbial biomass better than biochar. Correlation analysis revealed that soil water content (SWC), soil salt content (SSC), and $ Na^{+} $ were the most important factors influencing wheat yield. When compared to CK, the SSC and $ Na^{+} $ decreased by 5.55–7.52% and 3.86–9.39%, respectively, and SWC increased by 5.14–5.62% in the biochar treatment, while they increased by 1.07–10.19%, 1.08–7.58%, and 2.96–3.84% in the organic fertilizer treatment, respectively. Accordingly, wheat yield of biochar treatment was 0.90–14.71% higher than that of organic fertilizer treatment (4.49–4.80 t $ ha^{−1} $) and CK (4.47 t $ ha^{−1} $). Collectively, B2 had the lowest SSC and $ Na^{+} $ and the highest yield and was significantly better than the organic fertilizer treatment, as well as efficiently increasing soil nutrients and microbial biomass, suggesting that it may be a better agricultural practice for improving soil quality and increasing wheat yield in the YRD. Saline-alkali soil (dpeaa)DE-He213 Soil microbial biomass (dpeaa)DE-He213 Yield (dpeaa)DE-He213 Soil nutrients (dpeaa)DE-He213 Soil salinity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gao, Peiling (orcid)0000-0002-7600-6738 aut Zhang, Qingwen aut Shi, Yulong aut Guo, Xianglin aut Lv, Qingxin aut Wu, Wei aut Zhang, Xue aut Li, Mengzhao aut Meng, Qingmei aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Berlin : Springer, 1994 30(2022), 7 vom: 12. Okt., Seite 19097-19110 (DE-627)320517926 (DE-600)2014192-0 1614-7499 nnns volume:30 year:2022 number:7 day:12 month:10 pages:19097-19110 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23499-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2360 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 30 2022 7 12 10 19097-19110
spelling	10.1007/s11356-022-23499-3 doi (DE-627)SPR049333542 (SPR)s11356-022-23499-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Wang, Shibin verfasserin aut Biochar improves soil quality and wheat yield in saline-alkali soils beyond organic fertilizer in a 3-year field trial 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the effects of biochar compared to organic fertilizer on soil quality and wheat yield in the saline-alkaline lands. A 3-year field trial was conducted on moderately saline-alkaline land in the Yellow River Delta region (YRD) with six treatments: biochar (B1: 5 t, B2: 10 t, B3: 20 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) and organic fertilizer (OF1: 5 t, OF2: 7.5 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) as well as control (CK). The results showed that both biochar and organic fertilizer increased total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), $ NH_{4} $+-N, and $ NO_{3} $−-N, and reduced pH, thereby increasing soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), MBC/TOC ratio, and MBN/TN ratio, but organic fertilizer increased soil nutrients and microbial biomass better than biochar. Correlation analysis revealed that soil water content (SWC), soil salt content (SSC), and $ Na^{+} $ were the most important factors influencing wheat yield. When compared to CK, the SSC and $ Na^{+} $ decreased by 5.55–7.52% and 3.86–9.39%, respectively, and SWC increased by 5.14–5.62% in the biochar treatment, while they increased by 1.07–10.19%, 1.08–7.58%, and 2.96–3.84% in the organic fertilizer treatment, respectively. Accordingly, wheat yield of biochar treatment was 0.90–14.71% higher than that of organic fertilizer treatment (4.49–4.80 t $ ha^{−1} $) and CK (4.47 t $ ha^{−1} $). Collectively, B2 had the lowest SSC and $ Na^{+} $ and the highest yield and was significantly better than the organic fertilizer treatment, as well as efficiently increasing soil nutrients and microbial biomass, suggesting that it may be a better agricultural practice for improving soil quality and increasing wheat yield in the YRD. Saline-alkali soil (dpeaa)DE-He213 Soil microbial biomass (dpeaa)DE-He213 Yield (dpeaa)DE-He213 Soil nutrients (dpeaa)DE-He213 Soil salinity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gao, Peiling (orcid)0000-0002-7600-6738 aut Zhang, Qingwen aut Shi, Yulong aut Guo, Xianglin aut Lv, Qingxin aut Wu, Wei aut Zhang, Xue aut Li, Mengzhao aut Meng, Qingmei aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Berlin : Springer, 1994 30(2022), 7 vom: 12. Okt., Seite 19097-19110 (DE-627)320517926 (DE-600)2014192-0 1614-7499 nnns volume:30 year:2022 number:7 day:12 month:10 pages:19097-19110 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23499-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2360 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 30 2022 7 12 10 19097-19110
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s11356-022-23499-3 doi (DE-627)SPR049333542 (SPR)s11356-022-23499-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Wang, Shibin verfasserin aut Biochar improves soil quality and wheat yield in saline-alkali soils beyond organic fertilizer in a 3-year field trial 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the effects of biochar compared to organic fertilizer on soil quality and wheat yield in the saline-alkaline lands. A 3-year field trial was conducted on moderately saline-alkaline land in the Yellow River Delta region (YRD) with six treatments: biochar (B1: 5 t, B2: 10 t, B3: 20 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) and organic fertilizer (OF1: 5 t, OF2: 7.5 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) as well as control (CK). The results showed that both biochar and organic fertilizer increased total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), $ NH_{4} $+-N, and $ NO_{3} $−-N, and reduced pH, thereby increasing soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), MBC/TOC ratio, and MBN/TN ratio, but organic fertilizer increased soil nutrients and microbial biomass better than biochar. Correlation analysis revealed that soil water content (SWC), soil salt content (SSC), and $ Na^{+} $ were the most important factors influencing wheat yield. When compared to CK, the SSC and $ Na^{+} $ decreased by 5.55–7.52% and 3.86–9.39%, respectively, and SWC increased by 5.14–5.62% in the biochar treatment, while they increased by 1.07–10.19%, 1.08–7.58%, and 2.96–3.84% in the organic fertilizer treatment, respectively. Accordingly, wheat yield of biochar treatment was 0.90–14.71% higher than that of organic fertilizer treatment (4.49–4.80 t $ ha^{−1} $) and CK (4.47 t $ ha^{−1} $). Collectively, B2 had the lowest SSC and $ Na^{+} $ and the highest yield and was significantly better than the organic fertilizer treatment, as well as efficiently increasing soil nutrients and microbial biomass, suggesting that it may be a better agricultural practice for improving soil quality and increasing wheat yield in the YRD. Saline-alkali soil (dpeaa)DE-He213 Soil microbial biomass (dpeaa)DE-He213 Yield (dpeaa)DE-He213 Soil nutrients (dpeaa)DE-He213 Soil salinity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gao, Peiling (orcid)0000-0002-7600-6738 aut Zhang, Qingwen aut Shi, Yulong aut Guo, Xianglin aut Lv, Qingxin aut Wu, Wei aut Zhang, Xue aut Li, Mengzhao aut Meng, Qingmei aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Berlin : Springer, 1994 30(2022), 7 vom: 12. Okt., Seite 19097-19110 (DE-627)320517926 (DE-600)2014192-0 1614-7499 nnns volume:30 year:2022 number:7 day:12 month:10 pages:19097-19110 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23499-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2360 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 30 2022 7 12 10 19097-19110
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s11356-022-23499-3 doi (DE-627)SPR049333542 (SPR)s11356-022-23499-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Wang, Shibin verfasserin aut Biochar improves soil quality and wheat yield in saline-alkali soils beyond organic fertilizer in a 3-year field trial 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the effects of biochar compared to organic fertilizer on soil quality and wheat yield in the saline-alkaline lands. A 3-year field trial was conducted on moderately saline-alkaline land in the Yellow River Delta region (YRD) with six treatments: biochar (B1: 5 t, B2: 10 t, B3: 20 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) and organic fertilizer (OF1: 5 t, OF2: 7.5 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) as well as control (CK). The results showed that both biochar and organic fertilizer increased total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), $ NH_{4} $+-N, and $ NO_{3} $−-N, and reduced pH, thereby increasing soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), MBC/TOC ratio, and MBN/TN ratio, but organic fertilizer increased soil nutrients and microbial biomass better than biochar. Correlation analysis revealed that soil water content (SWC), soil salt content (SSC), and $ Na^{+} $ were the most important factors influencing wheat yield. When compared to CK, the SSC and $ Na^{+} $ decreased by 5.55–7.52% and 3.86–9.39%, respectively, and SWC increased by 5.14–5.62% in the biochar treatment, while they increased by 1.07–10.19%, 1.08–7.58%, and 2.96–3.84% in the organic fertilizer treatment, respectively. Accordingly, wheat yield of biochar treatment was 0.90–14.71% higher than that of organic fertilizer treatment (4.49–4.80 t $ ha^{−1} $) and CK (4.47 t $ ha^{−1} $). Collectively, B2 had the lowest SSC and $ Na^{+} $ and the highest yield and was significantly better than the organic fertilizer treatment, as well as efficiently increasing soil nutrients and microbial biomass, suggesting that it may be a better agricultural practice for improving soil quality and increasing wheat yield in the YRD. Saline-alkali soil (dpeaa)DE-He213 Soil microbial biomass (dpeaa)DE-He213 Yield (dpeaa)DE-He213 Soil nutrients (dpeaa)DE-He213 Soil salinity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gao, Peiling (orcid)0000-0002-7600-6738 aut Zhang, Qingwen aut Shi, Yulong aut Guo, Xianglin aut Lv, Qingxin aut Wu, Wei aut Zhang, Xue aut Li, Mengzhao aut Meng, Qingmei aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Berlin : Springer, 1994 30(2022), 7 vom: 12. Okt., Seite 19097-19110 (DE-627)320517926 (DE-600)2014192-0 1614-7499 nnns volume:30 year:2022 number:7 day:12 month:10 pages:19097-19110 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23499-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2360 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 30 2022 7 12 10 19097-19110
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s11356-022-23499-3 doi (DE-627)SPR049333542 (SPR)s11356-022-23499-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Wang, Shibin verfasserin aut Biochar improves soil quality and wheat yield in saline-alkali soils beyond organic fertilizer in a 3-year field trial 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the effects of biochar compared to organic fertilizer on soil quality and wheat yield in the saline-alkaline lands. A 3-year field trial was conducted on moderately saline-alkaline land in the Yellow River Delta region (YRD) with six treatments: biochar (B1: 5 t, B2: 10 t, B3: 20 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) and organic fertilizer (OF1: 5 t, OF2: 7.5 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) as well as control (CK). The results showed that both biochar and organic fertilizer increased total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), $ NH_{4} $+-N, and $ NO_{3} $−-N, and reduced pH, thereby increasing soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), MBC/TOC ratio, and MBN/TN ratio, but organic fertilizer increased soil nutrients and microbial biomass better than biochar. Correlation analysis revealed that soil water content (SWC), soil salt content (SSC), and $ Na^{+} $ were the most important factors influencing wheat yield. When compared to CK, the SSC and $ Na^{+} $ decreased by 5.55–7.52% and 3.86–9.39%, respectively, and SWC increased by 5.14–5.62% in the biochar treatment, while they increased by 1.07–10.19%, 1.08–7.58%, and 2.96–3.84% in the organic fertilizer treatment, respectively. Accordingly, wheat yield of biochar treatment was 0.90–14.71% higher than that of organic fertilizer treatment (4.49–4.80 t $ ha^{−1} $) and CK (4.47 t $ ha^{−1} $). Collectively, B2 had the lowest SSC and $ Na^{+} $ and the highest yield and was significantly better than the organic fertilizer treatment, as well as efficiently increasing soil nutrients and microbial biomass, suggesting that it may be a better agricultural practice for improving soil quality and increasing wheat yield in the YRD. Saline-alkali soil (dpeaa)DE-He213 Soil microbial biomass (dpeaa)DE-He213 Yield (dpeaa)DE-He213 Soil nutrients (dpeaa)DE-He213 Soil salinity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gao, Peiling (orcid)0000-0002-7600-6738 aut Zhang, Qingwen aut Shi, Yulong aut Guo, Xianglin aut Lv, Qingxin aut Wu, Wei aut Zhang, Xue aut Li, Mengzhao aut Meng, Qingmei aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Berlin : Springer, 1994 30(2022), 7 vom: 12. Okt., Seite 19097-19110 (DE-627)320517926 (DE-600)2014192-0 1614-7499 nnns volume:30 year:2022 number:7 day:12 month:10 pages:19097-19110 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23499-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2360 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 30 2022 7 12 10 19097-19110
language	English
source	Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research 30(2022), 7 vom: 12. Okt., Seite 19097-19110 volume:30 year:2022 number:7 day:12 month:10 pages:19097-19110
sourceStr	Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research 30(2022), 7 vom: 12. Okt., Seite 19097-19110 volume:30 year:2022 number:7 day:12 month:10 pages:19097-19110
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Saline-alkali soil Soil microbial biomass Yield Soil nutrients Soil salinity
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	Environmental science and pollution research
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Wang, Shibin @@aut@@ Gao, Peiling @@aut@@ Zhang, Qingwen @@aut@@ Shi, Yulong @@aut@@ Guo, Xianglin @@aut@@ Lv, Qingxin @@aut@@ Wu, Wei @@aut@@ Zhang, Xue @@aut@@ Li, Mengzhao @@aut@@ Meng, Qingmei @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2022-10-12T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	320517926
id	SPR049333542
language_de	englisch
fullrecord	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">SPR049333542</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230510063043.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230215s2022 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1007/s11356-022-23499-3</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)SPR049333542</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(SPR)s11356-022-23499-3-e</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Wang, Shibin</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Biochar improves soil quality and wheat yield in saline-alkali soils beyond organic fertilizer in a 3-year field trial</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the effects of biochar compared to organic fertilizer on soil quality and wheat yield in the saline-alkaline lands. A 3-year field trial was conducted on moderately saline-alkaline land in the Yellow River Delta region (YRD) with six treatments: biochar (B1: 5 t, B2: 10 t, B3: 20 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) and organic fertilizer (OF1: 5 t, OF2: 7.5 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) as well as control (CK). The results showed that both biochar and organic fertilizer increased total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), $ NH_{4} $+-N, and $ NO_{3} $−-N, and reduced pH, thereby increasing soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), MBC/TOC ratio, and MBN/TN ratio, but organic fertilizer increased soil nutrients and microbial biomass better than biochar. Correlation analysis revealed that soil water content (SWC), soil salt content (SSC), and $ Na^{+} $ were the most important factors influencing wheat yield. When compared to CK, the SSC and $ Na^{+} $ decreased by 5.55–7.52% and 3.86–9.39%, respectively, and SWC increased by 5.14–5.62% in the biochar treatment, while they increased by 1.07–10.19%, 1.08–7.58%, and 2.96–3.84% in the organic fertilizer treatment, respectively. Accordingly, wheat yield of biochar treatment was 0.90–14.71% higher than that of organic fertilizer treatment (4.49–4.80 t $ ha^{−1} $) and CK (4.47 t $ ha^{−1} $). Collectively, B2 had the lowest SSC and $ Na^{+} $ and the highest yield and was significantly better than the organic fertilizer treatment, as well as efficiently increasing soil nutrients and microbial biomass, suggesting that it may be a better agricultural practice for improving soil quality and increasing wheat yield in the YRD.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Saline-alkali soil</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Soil microbial biomass</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Yield</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Soil nutrients</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Soil salinity</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Gao, Peiling</subfield><subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0002-7600-6738</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zhang, Qingwen</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Shi, Yulong</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Guo, Xianglin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Lv, Qingxin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Wu, Wei</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zhang, Xue</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Li, Mengzhao</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Meng, Qingmei</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Environmental science and pollution research</subfield><subfield code="d">Berlin : Springer, 1994</subfield><subfield code="g">30(2022), 7 vom: 12. 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author	Wang, Shibin
spellingShingle	Wang, Shibin misc Saline-alkali soil misc Soil microbial biomass misc Yield misc Soil nutrients misc Soil salinity Biochar improves soil quality and wheat yield in saline-alkali soils beyond organic fertilizer in a 3-year field trial
authorStr	Wang, Shibin
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topic_title	Biochar improves soil quality and wheat yield in saline-alkali soils beyond organic fertilizer in a 3-year field trial Saline-alkali soil (dpeaa)DE-He213 Soil microbial biomass (dpeaa)DE-He213 Yield (dpeaa)DE-He213 Soil nutrients (dpeaa)DE-He213 Soil salinity (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Saline-alkali soil misc Soil microbial biomass misc Yield misc Soil nutrients misc Soil salinity
topic_unstemmed	misc Saline-alkali soil misc Soil microbial biomass misc Yield misc Soil nutrients misc Soil salinity
topic_browse	misc Saline-alkali soil misc Soil microbial biomass misc Yield misc Soil nutrients misc Soil salinity
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title	Biochar improves soil quality and wheat yield in saline-alkali soils beyond organic fertilizer in a 3-year field trial
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title_full	Biochar improves soil quality and wheat yield in saline-alkali soils beyond organic fertilizer in a 3-year field trial
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author_browse	Wang, Shibin Gao, Peiling Zhang, Qingwen Shi, Yulong Guo, Xianglin Lv, Qingxin Wu, Wei Zhang, Xue Li, Mengzhao Meng, Qingmei
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title_sort	biochar improves soil quality and wheat yield in saline-alkali soils beyond organic fertilizer in a 3-year field trial
title_auth	Biochar improves soil quality and wheat yield in saline-alkali soils beyond organic fertilizer in a 3-year field trial
abstract	Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the effects of biochar compared to organic fertilizer on soil quality and wheat yield in the saline-alkaline lands. A 3-year field trial was conducted on moderately saline-alkaline land in the Yellow River Delta region (YRD) with six treatments: biochar (B1: 5 t, B2: 10 t, B3: 20 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) and organic fertilizer (OF1: 5 t, OF2: 7.5 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) as well as control (CK). The results showed that both biochar and organic fertilizer increased total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), $ NH_{4} $+-N, and $ NO_{3} $−-N, and reduced pH, thereby increasing soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), MBC/TOC ratio, and MBN/TN ratio, but organic fertilizer increased soil nutrients and microbial biomass better than biochar. Correlation analysis revealed that soil water content (SWC), soil salt content (SSC), and $ Na^{+} $ were the most important factors influencing wheat yield. When compared to CK, the SSC and $ Na^{+} $ decreased by 5.55–7.52% and 3.86–9.39%, respectively, and SWC increased by 5.14–5.62% in the biochar treatment, while they increased by 1.07–10.19%, 1.08–7.58%, and 2.96–3.84% in the organic fertilizer treatment, respectively. Accordingly, wheat yield of biochar treatment was 0.90–14.71% higher than that of organic fertilizer treatment (4.49–4.80 t $ ha^{−1} $) and CK (4.47 t $ ha^{−1} $). Collectively, B2 had the lowest SSC and $ Na^{+} $ and the highest yield and was significantly better than the organic fertilizer treatment, as well as efficiently increasing soil nutrients and microbial biomass, suggesting that it may be a better agricultural practice for improving soil quality and increasing wheat yield in the YRD. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
abstractGer	Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the effects of biochar compared to organic fertilizer on soil quality and wheat yield in the saline-alkaline lands. A 3-year field trial was conducted on moderately saline-alkaline land in the Yellow River Delta region (YRD) with six treatments: biochar (B1: 5 t, B2: 10 t, B3: 20 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) and organic fertilizer (OF1: 5 t, OF2: 7.5 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) as well as control (CK). The results showed that both biochar and organic fertilizer increased total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), $ NH_{4} $+-N, and $ NO_{3} $−-N, and reduced pH, thereby increasing soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), MBC/TOC ratio, and MBN/TN ratio, but organic fertilizer increased soil nutrients and microbial biomass better than biochar. Correlation analysis revealed that soil water content (SWC), soil salt content (SSC), and $ Na^{+} $ were the most important factors influencing wheat yield. When compared to CK, the SSC and $ Na^{+} $ decreased by 5.55–7.52% and 3.86–9.39%, respectively, and SWC increased by 5.14–5.62% in the biochar treatment, while they increased by 1.07–10.19%, 1.08–7.58%, and 2.96–3.84% in the organic fertilizer treatment, respectively. Accordingly, wheat yield of biochar treatment was 0.90–14.71% higher than that of organic fertilizer treatment (4.49–4.80 t $ ha^{−1} $) and CK (4.47 t $ ha^{−1} $). Collectively, B2 had the lowest SSC and $ Na^{+} $ and the highest yield and was significantly better than the organic fertilizer treatment, as well as efficiently increasing soil nutrients and microbial biomass, suggesting that it may be a better agricultural practice for improving soil quality and increasing wheat yield in the YRD. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the effects of biochar compared to organic fertilizer on soil quality and wheat yield in the saline-alkaline lands. A 3-year field trial was conducted on moderately saline-alkaline land in the Yellow River Delta region (YRD) with six treatments: biochar (B1: 5 t, B2: 10 t, B3: 20 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) and organic fertilizer (OF1: 5 t, OF2: 7.5 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) as well as control (CK). The results showed that both biochar and organic fertilizer increased total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), $ NH_{4} $+-N, and $ NO_{3} $−-N, and reduced pH, thereby increasing soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), MBC/TOC ratio, and MBN/TN ratio, but organic fertilizer increased soil nutrients and microbial biomass better than biochar. Correlation analysis revealed that soil water content (SWC), soil salt content (SSC), and $ Na^{+} $ were the most important factors influencing wheat yield. When compared to CK, the SSC and $ Na^{+} $ decreased by 5.55–7.52% and 3.86–9.39%, respectively, and SWC increased by 5.14–5.62% in the biochar treatment, while they increased by 1.07–10.19%, 1.08–7.58%, and 2.96–3.84% in the organic fertilizer treatment, respectively. Accordingly, wheat yield of biochar treatment was 0.90–14.71% higher than that of organic fertilizer treatment (4.49–4.80 t $ ha^{−1} $) and CK (4.47 t $ ha^{−1} $). Collectively, B2 had the lowest SSC and $ Na^{+} $ and the highest yield and was significantly better than the organic fertilizer treatment, as well as efficiently increasing soil nutrients and microbial biomass, suggesting that it may be a better agricultural practice for improving soil quality and increasing wheat yield in the YRD. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
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container_issue	7
title_short	Biochar improves soil quality and wheat yield in saline-alkali soils beyond organic fertilizer in a 3-year field trial
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23499-3
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author2	Gao, Peiling Zhang, Qingwen Shi, Yulong Guo, Xianglin Lv, Qingxin Wu, Wei Zhang, Xue Li, Mengzhao Meng, Qingmei
author2Str	Gao, Peiling Zhang, Qingwen Shi, Yulong Guo, Xianglin Lv, Qingxin Wu, Wei Zhang, Xue Li, Mengzhao Meng, Qingmei
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doi_str	10.1007/s11356-022-23499-3
up_date	2024-07-04T00:22:41.512Z
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Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the effects of biochar compared to organic fertilizer on soil quality and wheat yield in the saline-alkaline lands. A 3-year field trial was conducted on moderately saline-alkaline land in the Yellow River Delta region (YRD) with six treatments: biochar (B1: 5 t, B2: 10 t, B3: 20 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) and organic fertilizer (OF1: 5 t, OF2: 7.5 t $ ha^{−1} $ $ year^{−1} $) as well as control (CK). 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Biochar improves soil quality and wheat yield in saline-alkali soils beyond organic fertilizer in a 3-year field trial

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