Soybean Yield and Soil Physical Properties as Affected by Long-Term Tillage Systems and Liming in Southern Brazil

Abstract Conservation agriculture (CA) is an important aspect of the sustainable management of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] in production systems. This work evaluated the effects of soil management systems (SMS) combined with liming performed in 1986 and in 2008 on soil physical properties and...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Abstract Conservation agriculture (CA) is an important aspect of the sustainable management of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] in production systems. This work evaluated the effects of soil management systems (SMS) combined with liming performed in 1986 and in 2008 on soil physical properties and soybean yield. The study used data from the 2008/09 until the 2015/16 soybean crop seasons from a long-term experiment settled in 1986 in Passo Fundo, southern Brazil. A split-plot design was used with the SMS as the main plots arranged in randomized blocks, and the cropping systems as the sub-plots randomized within SMS. The experiment evaluated the effects of four annually performed SMS: no-tillage (NT) and reduced-tillage (RT) (i.e. two CA systems), disk ploughing + disk harrowing (DPD) and moldboard ploughing + disk harrowing (MPD) [i.e. two conventional tillage (CT) systems]. Soil bulk density ($ ρ_{s} $) and total, micro and macro porosities ($ φ_{total} $, $ φ_{micro} $ and $ φ_{macro} $) were evaluated in 2008 and in 2016 in the 0‒2.5 cm ($ L_{0 − 2.5} $) and 10‒12.5 cm ($ L_{10 − 12.5} $) soil layers. After 22 years of the beginning of the experiment and compared with the undisturbed soil (from a native forest area near to the experiment), all SMS increased $ ρ_{s} $ by an average of 28% in the $ L_{0 − 2.5} $ and 25% in the $ L_{10 − 12.5} $, decreased $ φ_{total} $ by 13% (except for NT) in the $ L_{0 − 2.5} $ and 17% in the $ L_{10 − 12.5} $, and decreased $ φ_{macro} $ by 36% in the $ L_{10 − 12.5} $; moreover the CT systems decreased $ φ_{micro} $ by 8.7% and 8.1% in the $ L_{0 − 2.5} $ and $ L_{10 − 12.5} $, respectively. At the end of this 22-year period, in the $ L_{0 − 2.5} $, $ ρ_{s} $ increased by 6% from NT to RT, and by 11% from NT to CT systems; $ φ_{total} $ decreased by 4%, and $ φ_{micro} $ increased by 9% from NT to the other SMS. From 2008 to 2016, liming combined with each SMS modified soil properties in distinct manners: the combination increased $ ρ_{s} $ by 6% in NT ($ L_{0 − 2.5} $) and 5% in MPD ($ L_{10 − 12.5} $), decreased $ φ_{total} $ by 4% in MPD ($ L_{10 − 12.5} $), increased $ φ_{micro} $ in all SMS by an average of 6% ($ L_{10 − 12.5} $), and reduced $ φ_{macro} $ by an average of 24% in CT systems ($ L_{10 − 12.5} $). Soybean yield was more variable as function of growing season (average from 1866 to 4449 kg $ ha^{− 1} $) as compared to SMS treatment [average from 3088 kg $ ha^{− 1} $ (DPD) to 3276 kg $ ha^{− 1} $ (NT)]. Considering a global analysis of the eight crop seasons, soybean yield in NT was on average 6% greater than that of DPD, but NT grain yield was similar to RT and MPD systems. No-tillage favored soybean yield in higher yielding environments, while DPD had the greatest soybean yield and adaptability in lower yielding environments. These findings suggest that the NT system outperformed the other SMS by providing greater or similar soybean yields and being the least harmful to soil physical quality as compared to the undisturbed soil. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Autor*in:	Silva, Sérgio Ricardo [verfasserIn] dos Santos, Henrique Pereira Lollato, Rômulo Pisa Santi, Anderson Fontaneli, Renato Serena

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	No-tillage system Conservation agriculture Conventional tillage systems Soil bulk density Soil porosity

Anmerkung:	© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: International journal of plant production - [Cham] : Springer International Publishing, 2007, 17(2022), 1 vom: 03. Nov., Seite 65-79
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:17 ; year:2022 ; number:1 ; day:03 ; month:11 ; pages:65-79

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s42106-022-00217-0

Katalog-ID:	SPR04944185X