An LSTM-autoencoder based online side channel monitoring approach for cyber-physical attack detection in additive manufacturing

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained increasing popularity in a large variety of mission-critical fields, such as aerospace, medical, and transportation. The layer-by-layer fabrication scheme of the AM significantly enhances fabrication flexibility, resulting in the expanded vulnerability...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

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Autor*in:	Shi, Zhangyue [verfasserIn] Mamun, Abdullah Al Kan, Chen Tian, Wenmeng Liu, Chenang

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	Additive manufacturing Cyber-physical security LSTM-autoencoder Online attack detection Process authentication Side channel

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Journal of intelligent manufacturing - Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1990, 34(2022), 4 vom: 17. Jan., Seite 1815-1831
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:34 ; year:2022 ; number:4 ; day:17 ; month:01 ; pages:1815-1831

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s10845-021-01879-9

Katalog-ID:	SPR049689045

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520			\|a Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained increasing popularity in a large variety of mission-critical fields, such as aerospace, medical, and transportation. The layer-by-layer fabrication scheme of the AM significantly enhances fabrication flexibility, resulting in the expanded vulnerability space of cyber-physical AM systems. This potentially leads to altered AM parts with compromised mechanical properties and functionalities. Furthermore, those internal alterations in the AM builds are very challenging to detect using the traditional geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) features. Therefore, how to effectively monitor and accurately detect cyber-physical attacks becomes a critical barrier for the broader adoption of AM technology. To address this issue, this paper proposes a machine learning-driven online side channel monitoring approach for AM process authentication. A data-driven feature extraction approach based on the LSTM-autoencoder is developed to detect the unintended process/product alterations caused by cyber-physical attacks. Both supervised and unsupervised monitoring schemes are implemented based on the extracted features. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, real-world case studies were conducted using a fused filament fabrication (FFF) platform equipped with two accelerometers. In the case study, two different types of cyber-physical attacks are implemented to mimic the potential real-world process alterations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms conventional process monitoring methods, and it can effectively detect part geometry and layer thickness alterations in a real-time manner.
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allfields	10.1007/s10845-021-01879-9 doi (DE-627)SPR049689045 (SPR)s10845-021-01879-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Shi, Zhangyue verfasserin aut An LSTM-autoencoder based online side channel monitoring approach for cyber-physical attack detection in additive manufacturing 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained increasing popularity in a large variety of mission-critical fields, such as aerospace, medical, and transportation. The layer-by-layer fabrication scheme of the AM significantly enhances fabrication flexibility, resulting in the expanded vulnerability space of cyber-physical AM systems. This potentially leads to altered AM parts with compromised mechanical properties and functionalities. Furthermore, those internal alterations in the AM builds are very challenging to detect using the traditional geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) features. Therefore, how to effectively monitor and accurately detect cyber-physical attacks becomes a critical barrier for the broader adoption of AM technology. To address this issue, this paper proposes a machine learning-driven online side channel monitoring approach for AM process authentication. A data-driven feature extraction approach based on the LSTM-autoencoder is developed to detect the unintended process/product alterations caused by cyber-physical attacks. Both supervised and unsupervised monitoring schemes are implemented based on the extracted features. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, real-world case studies were conducted using a fused filament fabrication (FFF) platform equipped with two accelerometers. In the case study, two different types of cyber-physical attacks are implemented to mimic the potential real-world process alterations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms conventional process monitoring methods, and it can effectively detect part geometry and layer thickness alterations in a real-time manner. Additive manufacturing (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cyber-physical security (dpeaa)DE-He213 LSTM-autoencoder (dpeaa)DE-He213 Online attack detection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Process authentication (dpeaa)DE-He213 Side channel (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mamun, Abdullah Al aut Kan, Chen aut Tian, Wenmeng aut Liu, Chenang (orcid)0000-0002-6571-0682 aut Enthalten in Journal of intelligent manufacturing Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1990 34(2022), 4 vom: 17. Jan., Seite 1815-1831 (DE-627)315293519 (DE-600)2015292-9 1572-8145 nnns volume:34 year:2022 number:4 day:17 month:01 pages:1815-1831 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10845-021-01879-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 34 2022 4 17 01 1815-1831
spelling	10.1007/s10845-021-01879-9 doi (DE-627)SPR049689045 (SPR)s10845-021-01879-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Shi, Zhangyue verfasserin aut An LSTM-autoencoder based online side channel monitoring approach for cyber-physical attack detection in additive manufacturing 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained increasing popularity in a large variety of mission-critical fields, such as aerospace, medical, and transportation. The layer-by-layer fabrication scheme of the AM significantly enhances fabrication flexibility, resulting in the expanded vulnerability space of cyber-physical AM systems. This potentially leads to altered AM parts with compromised mechanical properties and functionalities. Furthermore, those internal alterations in the AM builds are very challenging to detect using the traditional geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) features. Therefore, how to effectively monitor and accurately detect cyber-physical attacks becomes a critical barrier for the broader adoption of AM technology. To address this issue, this paper proposes a machine learning-driven online side channel monitoring approach for AM process authentication. A data-driven feature extraction approach based on the LSTM-autoencoder is developed to detect the unintended process/product alterations caused by cyber-physical attacks. Both supervised and unsupervised monitoring schemes are implemented based on the extracted features. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, real-world case studies were conducted using a fused filament fabrication (FFF) platform equipped with two accelerometers. In the case study, two different types of cyber-physical attacks are implemented to mimic the potential real-world process alterations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms conventional process monitoring methods, and it can effectively detect part geometry and layer thickness alterations in a real-time manner. Additive manufacturing (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cyber-physical security (dpeaa)DE-He213 LSTM-autoencoder (dpeaa)DE-He213 Online attack detection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Process authentication (dpeaa)DE-He213 Side channel (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mamun, Abdullah Al aut Kan, Chen aut Tian, Wenmeng aut Liu, Chenang (orcid)0000-0002-6571-0682 aut Enthalten in Journal of intelligent manufacturing Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1990 34(2022), 4 vom: 17. Jan., Seite 1815-1831 (DE-627)315293519 (DE-600)2015292-9 1572-8145 nnns volume:34 year:2022 number:4 day:17 month:01 pages:1815-1831 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10845-021-01879-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 34 2022 4 17 01 1815-1831
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s10845-021-01879-9 doi (DE-627)SPR049689045 (SPR)s10845-021-01879-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Shi, Zhangyue verfasserin aut An LSTM-autoencoder based online side channel monitoring approach for cyber-physical attack detection in additive manufacturing 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained increasing popularity in a large variety of mission-critical fields, such as aerospace, medical, and transportation. The layer-by-layer fabrication scheme of the AM significantly enhances fabrication flexibility, resulting in the expanded vulnerability space of cyber-physical AM systems. This potentially leads to altered AM parts with compromised mechanical properties and functionalities. Furthermore, those internal alterations in the AM builds are very challenging to detect using the traditional geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) features. Therefore, how to effectively monitor and accurately detect cyber-physical attacks becomes a critical barrier for the broader adoption of AM technology. To address this issue, this paper proposes a machine learning-driven online side channel monitoring approach for AM process authentication. A data-driven feature extraction approach based on the LSTM-autoencoder is developed to detect the unintended process/product alterations caused by cyber-physical attacks. Both supervised and unsupervised monitoring schemes are implemented based on the extracted features. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, real-world case studies were conducted using a fused filament fabrication (FFF) platform equipped with two accelerometers. In the case study, two different types of cyber-physical attacks are implemented to mimic the potential real-world process alterations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms conventional process monitoring methods, and it can effectively detect part geometry and layer thickness alterations in a real-time manner. Additive manufacturing (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cyber-physical security (dpeaa)DE-He213 LSTM-autoencoder (dpeaa)DE-He213 Online attack detection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Process authentication (dpeaa)DE-He213 Side channel (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mamun, Abdullah Al aut Kan, Chen aut Tian, Wenmeng aut Liu, Chenang (orcid)0000-0002-6571-0682 aut Enthalten in Journal of intelligent manufacturing Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1990 34(2022), 4 vom: 17. Jan., Seite 1815-1831 (DE-627)315293519 (DE-600)2015292-9 1572-8145 nnns volume:34 year:2022 number:4 day:17 month:01 pages:1815-1831 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10845-021-01879-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 34 2022 4 17 01 1815-1831
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s10845-021-01879-9 doi (DE-627)SPR049689045 (SPR)s10845-021-01879-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Shi, Zhangyue verfasserin aut An LSTM-autoencoder based online side channel monitoring approach for cyber-physical attack detection in additive manufacturing 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained increasing popularity in a large variety of mission-critical fields, such as aerospace, medical, and transportation. The layer-by-layer fabrication scheme of the AM significantly enhances fabrication flexibility, resulting in the expanded vulnerability space of cyber-physical AM systems. This potentially leads to altered AM parts with compromised mechanical properties and functionalities. Furthermore, those internal alterations in the AM builds are very challenging to detect using the traditional geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) features. Therefore, how to effectively monitor and accurately detect cyber-physical attacks becomes a critical barrier for the broader adoption of AM technology. To address this issue, this paper proposes a machine learning-driven online side channel monitoring approach for AM process authentication. A data-driven feature extraction approach based on the LSTM-autoencoder is developed to detect the unintended process/product alterations caused by cyber-physical attacks. Both supervised and unsupervised monitoring schemes are implemented based on the extracted features. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, real-world case studies were conducted using a fused filament fabrication (FFF) platform equipped with two accelerometers. In the case study, two different types of cyber-physical attacks are implemented to mimic the potential real-world process alterations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms conventional process monitoring methods, and it can effectively detect part geometry and layer thickness alterations in a real-time manner. Additive manufacturing (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cyber-physical security (dpeaa)DE-He213 LSTM-autoencoder (dpeaa)DE-He213 Online attack detection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Process authentication (dpeaa)DE-He213 Side channel (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mamun, Abdullah Al aut Kan, Chen aut Tian, Wenmeng aut Liu, Chenang (orcid)0000-0002-6571-0682 aut Enthalten in Journal of intelligent manufacturing Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1990 34(2022), 4 vom: 17. Jan., Seite 1815-1831 (DE-627)315293519 (DE-600)2015292-9 1572-8145 nnns volume:34 year:2022 number:4 day:17 month:01 pages:1815-1831 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10845-021-01879-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 34 2022 4 17 01 1815-1831
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s10845-021-01879-9 doi (DE-627)SPR049689045 (SPR)s10845-021-01879-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Shi, Zhangyue verfasserin aut An LSTM-autoencoder based online side channel monitoring approach for cyber-physical attack detection in additive manufacturing 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained increasing popularity in a large variety of mission-critical fields, such as aerospace, medical, and transportation. The layer-by-layer fabrication scheme of the AM significantly enhances fabrication flexibility, resulting in the expanded vulnerability space of cyber-physical AM systems. This potentially leads to altered AM parts with compromised mechanical properties and functionalities. Furthermore, those internal alterations in the AM builds are very challenging to detect using the traditional geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) features. Therefore, how to effectively monitor and accurately detect cyber-physical attacks becomes a critical barrier for the broader adoption of AM technology. To address this issue, this paper proposes a machine learning-driven online side channel monitoring approach for AM process authentication. A data-driven feature extraction approach based on the LSTM-autoencoder is developed to detect the unintended process/product alterations caused by cyber-physical attacks. Both supervised and unsupervised monitoring schemes are implemented based on the extracted features. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, real-world case studies were conducted using a fused filament fabrication (FFF) platform equipped with two accelerometers. In the case study, two different types of cyber-physical attacks are implemented to mimic the potential real-world process alterations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms conventional process monitoring methods, and it can effectively detect part geometry and layer thickness alterations in a real-time manner. Additive manufacturing (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cyber-physical security (dpeaa)DE-He213 LSTM-autoencoder (dpeaa)DE-He213 Online attack detection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Process authentication (dpeaa)DE-He213 Side channel (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mamun, Abdullah Al aut Kan, Chen aut Tian, Wenmeng aut Liu, Chenang (orcid)0000-0002-6571-0682 aut Enthalten in Journal of intelligent manufacturing Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1990 34(2022), 4 vom: 17. Jan., Seite 1815-1831 (DE-627)315293519 (DE-600)2015292-9 1572-8145 nnns volume:34 year:2022 number:4 day:17 month:01 pages:1815-1831 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10845-021-01879-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 34 2022 4 17 01 1815-1831
language	English
source	Enthalten in Journal of intelligent manufacturing 34(2022), 4 vom: 17. Jan., Seite 1815-1831 volume:34 year:2022 number:4 day:17 month:01 pages:1815-1831
sourceStr	Enthalten in Journal of intelligent manufacturing 34(2022), 4 vom: 17. Jan., Seite 1815-1831 volume:34 year:2022 number:4 day:17 month:01 pages:1815-1831
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Additive manufacturing Cyber-physical security LSTM-autoencoder Online attack detection Process authentication Side channel
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	Journal of intelligent manufacturing
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Shi, Zhangyue @@aut@@ Mamun, Abdullah Al @@aut@@ Kan, Chen @@aut@@ Tian, Wenmeng @@aut@@ Liu, Chenang @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2022-01-17T00:00:00Z
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author	Shi, Zhangyue
spellingShingle	Shi, Zhangyue misc Additive manufacturing misc Cyber-physical security misc LSTM-autoencoder misc Online attack detection misc Process authentication misc Side channel An LSTM-autoencoder based online side channel monitoring approach for cyber-physical attack detection in additive manufacturing
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topic_title	An LSTM-autoencoder based online side channel monitoring approach for cyber-physical attack detection in additive manufacturing Additive manufacturing (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cyber-physical security (dpeaa)DE-He213 LSTM-autoencoder (dpeaa)DE-He213 Online attack detection (dpeaa)DE-He213 Process authentication (dpeaa)DE-He213 Side channel (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Additive manufacturing misc Cyber-physical security misc LSTM-autoencoder misc Online attack detection misc Process authentication misc Side channel
topic_unstemmed	misc Additive manufacturing misc Cyber-physical security misc LSTM-autoencoder misc Online attack detection misc Process authentication misc Side channel
topic_browse	misc Additive manufacturing misc Cyber-physical security misc LSTM-autoencoder misc Online attack detection misc Process authentication misc Side channel
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title	An LSTM-autoencoder based online side channel monitoring approach for cyber-physical attack detection in additive manufacturing
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title_full	An LSTM-autoencoder based online side channel monitoring approach for cyber-physical attack detection in additive manufacturing
author_sort	Shi, Zhangyue
journal	Journal of intelligent manufacturing
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author_browse	Shi, Zhangyue Mamun, Abdullah Al Kan, Chen Tian, Wenmeng Liu, Chenang
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title_sort	lstm-autoencoder based online side channel monitoring approach for cyber-physical attack detection in additive manufacturing
title_auth	An LSTM-autoencoder based online side channel monitoring approach for cyber-physical attack detection in additive manufacturing
abstract	Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained increasing popularity in a large variety of mission-critical fields, such as aerospace, medical, and transportation. The layer-by-layer fabrication scheme of the AM significantly enhances fabrication flexibility, resulting in the expanded vulnerability space of cyber-physical AM systems. This potentially leads to altered AM parts with compromised mechanical properties and functionalities. Furthermore, those internal alterations in the AM builds are very challenging to detect using the traditional geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) features. Therefore, how to effectively monitor and accurately detect cyber-physical attacks becomes a critical barrier for the broader adoption of AM technology. To address this issue, this paper proposes a machine learning-driven online side channel monitoring approach for AM process authentication. A data-driven feature extraction approach based on the LSTM-autoencoder is developed to detect the unintended process/product alterations caused by cyber-physical attacks. Both supervised and unsupervised monitoring schemes are implemented based on the extracted features. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, real-world case studies were conducted using a fused filament fabrication (FFF) platform equipped with two accelerometers. In the case study, two different types of cyber-physical attacks are implemented to mimic the potential real-world process alterations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms conventional process monitoring methods, and it can effectively detect part geometry and layer thickness alterations in a real-time manner. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021
abstractGer	Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained increasing popularity in a large variety of mission-critical fields, such as aerospace, medical, and transportation. The layer-by-layer fabrication scheme of the AM significantly enhances fabrication flexibility, resulting in the expanded vulnerability space of cyber-physical AM systems. This potentially leads to altered AM parts with compromised mechanical properties and functionalities. Furthermore, those internal alterations in the AM builds are very challenging to detect using the traditional geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) features. Therefore, how to effectively monitor and accurately detect cyber-physical attacks becomes a critical barrier for the broader adoption of AM technology. To address this issue, this paper proposes a machine learning-driven online side channel monitoring approach for AM process authentication. A data-driven feature extraction approach based on the LSTM-autoencoder is developed to detect the unintended process/product alterations caused by cyber-physical attacks. Both supervised and unsupervised monitoring schemes are implemented based on the extracted features. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, real-world case studies were conducted using a fused filament fabrication (FFF) platform equipped with two accelerometers. In the case study, two different types of cyber-physical attacks are implemented to mimic the potential real-world process alterations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms conventional process monitoring methods, and it can effectively detect part geometry and layer thickness alterations in a real-time manner. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained increasing popularity in a large variety of mission-critical fields, such as aerospace, medical, and transportation. The layer-by-layer fabrication scheme of the AM significantly enhances fabrication flexibility, resulting in the expanded vulnerability space of cyber-physical AM systems. This potentially leads to altered AM parts with compromised mechanical properties and functionalities. Furthermore, those internal alterations in the AM builds are very challenging to detect using the traditional geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) features. Therefore, how to effectively monitor and accurately detect cyber-physical attacks becomes a critical barrier for the broader adoption of AM technology. To address this issue, this paper proposes a machine learning-driven online side channel monitoring approach for AM process authentication. A data-driven feature extraction approach based on the LSTM-autoencoder is developed to detect the unintended process/product alterations caused by cyber-physical attacks. Both supervised and unsupervised monitoring schemes are implemented based on the extracted features. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, real-world case studies were conducted using a fused filament fabrication (FFF) platform equipped with two accelerometers. In the case study, two different types of cyber-physical attacks are implemented to mimic the potential real-world process alterations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms conventional process monitoring methods, and it can effectively detect part geometry and layer thickness alterations in a real-time manner. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021
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title_short	An LSTM-autoencoder based online side channel monitoring approach for cyber-physical attack detection in additive manufacturing
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10845-021-01879-9
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author2	Mamun, Abdullah Al Kan, Chen Tian, Wenmeng Liu, Chenang
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up_date	2024-07-04T01:52:59.528Z
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fullrecord_marcxml	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000naa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">SPR049689045</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230323111840.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230323s2022 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1007/s10845-021-01879-9</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)SPR049689045</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(SPR)s10845-021-01879-9-e</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Shi, Zhangyue</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">An LSTM-autoencoder based online side channel monitoring approach for cyber-physical attack detection in additive manufacturing</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained increasing popularity in a large variety of mission-critical fields, such as aerospace, medical, and transportation. The layer-by-layer fabrication scheme of the AM significantly enhances fabrication flexibility, resulting in the expanded vulnerability space of cyber-physical AM systems. This potentially leads to altered AM parts with compromised mechanical properties and functionalities. Furthermore, those internal alterations in the AM builds are very challenging to detect using the traditional geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) features. Therefore, how to effectively monitor and accurately detect cyber-physical attacks becomes a critical barrier for the broader adoption of AM technology. To address this issue, this paper proposes a machine learning-driven online side channel monitoring approach for AM process authentication. A data-driven feature extraction approach based on the LSTM-autoencoder is developed to detect the unintended process/product alterations caused by cyber-physical attacks. Both supervised and unsupervised monitoring schemes are implemented based on the extracted features. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, real-world case studies were conducted using a fused filament fabrication (FFF) platform equipped with two accelerometers. In the case study, two different types of cyber-physical attacks are implemented to mimic the potential real-world process alterations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms conventional process monitoring methods, and it can effectively detect part geometry and layer thickness alterations in a real-time manner.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Additive manufacturing</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Cyber-physical security</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">LSTM-autoencoder</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Online attack detection</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Process authentication</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Side channel</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Mamun, Abdullah Al</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kan, Chen</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Tian, Wenmeng</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Liu, Chenang</subfield><subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0002-6571-0682</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Journal of intelligent manufacturing</subfield><subfield code="d">Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1990</subfield><subfield code="g">34(2022), 4 vom: 17. Jan., Seite 1815-1831</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)315293519</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)2015292-9</subfield><subfield code="x">1572-8145</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:34</subfield><subfield code="g">year:2022</subfield><subfield code="g">number:4</subfield><subfield code="g">day:17</subfield><subfield code="g">month:01</subfield><subfield code="g">pages:1815-1831</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10845-021-01879-9</subfield><subfield code="z">lizenzpflichtig</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_SPRINGER</subfield></datafield><datafield 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An LSTM-autoencoder based online side channel monitoring approach for cyber-physical attack detection in additive manufacturing

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