The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado

Background The Cerrado is the most biodiverse savanna and maintains other biomes. Aware of its significance, this paper evaluated the Brazilian Cerrado’s climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects using remote sensing data and spatial statistics (correlation analysis and principal components...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

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Autor*in:	Correia Filho, Washington Luiz Félix [verfasserIn] de Oliveira-Júnior, José Francisco Santiago, Dimas de Barros Abdo, Hazem Ghassan Almohamad, Hussein Al Dughairi, Ahmed Abdullah da Silva Junior, Carlos Antonio

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	Environment Agribusiness Active fire Human Development Index Land use and land cover

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s) 2023

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Ecological Processes - Heidelberg : SpringerOpen, 2012, 12(2023), 1 vom: 19. Apr.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2023 ; number:1 ; day:19 ; month:04

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s13717-023-00433-0

Katalog-ID:	SPR050113437

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allfields	10.1186/s13717-023-00433-0 doi (DE-627)SPR050113437 (SPR)s13717-023-00433-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Correia Filho, Washington Luiz Félix verfasserin aut The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Background The Cerrado is the most biodiverse savanna and maintains other biomes. Aware of its significance, this paper evaluated the Brazilian Cerrado’s climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects using remote sensing data and spatial statistics (correlation analysis and principal components analysis—PCA). Following the measures of sample adequacy (MSA) and Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) tests, seventeen variables were evaluated. Results The MSA revealed that the dataset had a good quality (0.76), and nine variables were selected: elevation, evapotranspiration, active fires, Human Development Index (HDI), land use and land cover (LULC; shrubland and cropland/rainfed), rainfall (spring and autumn), and livestock. The correlation matrix indicated a positive (negative) association between HDI and autumn rainfall (HDI and active fires) with a value of 0.77 (− 0.55). The PCA results determined which three principal components (PC) were adequate for extracting spatial patterns, accounting for 68.02% of the total variance with respective values of 38.59%, 16.89%, and 12.5%. Due to economic development and agribusiness, Cerrado’s northern (central, western, and southern) areas had negative (positive) score HDI values, as shown in PC1. Climatic (rainfall—spring and fall) and environmental (cropland/rainfed and shrubland) aspects dominated the PC2, with negative scores in northern and western portions due to the transition zone between Amazon and Cerrado biomes caused by rainfall variability. On the other hand, environmental aspects (LULC-shrubland and elevation) influenced the PC3; areas with high altitudes (> 500 m) received a higher score. Conclusion Agricultural expansion substantially affected LULC, leading to deforestation-caused suppression of native vegetation. Environment (dpeaa)DE-He213 Agribusiness (dpeaa)DE-He213 Active fire (dpeaa)DE-He213 Human Development Index (dpeaa)DE-He213 Land use and land cover (dpeaa)DE-He213 de Oliveira-Júnior, José Francisco aut Santiago, Dimas de Barros aut Abdo, Hazem Ghassan (orcid)0000-0001-9283-3947 aut Almohamad, Hussein aut Al Dughairi, Ahmed Abdullah aut da Silva Junior, Carlos Antonio aut Enthalten in Ecological Processes Heidelberg : SpringerOpen, 2012 12(2023), 1 vom: 19. Apr. (DE-627)732623693 (DE-600)2694945-3 2192-1709 nnns volume:12 year:2023 number:1 day:19 month:04 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13717-023-00433-0 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2023 1 19 04
spelling	10.1186/s13717-023-00433-0 doi (DE-627)SPR050113437 (SPR)s13717-023-00433-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Correia Filho, Washington Luiz Félix verfasserin aut The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Background The Cerrado is the most biodiverse savanna and maintains other biomes. Aware of its significance, this paper evaluated the Brazilian Cerrado’s climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects using remote sensing data and spatial statistics (correlation analysis and principal components analysis—PCA). Following the measures of sample adequacy (MSA) and Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) tests, seventeen variables were evaluated. Results The MSA revealed that the dataset had a good quality (0.76), and nine variables were selected: elevation, evapotranspiration, active fires, Human Development Index (HDI), land use and land cover (LULC; shrubland and cropland/rainfed), rainfall (spring and autumn), and livestock. The correlation matrix indicated a positive (negative) association between HDI and autumn rainfall (HDI and active fires) with a value of 0.77 (− 0.55). The PCA results determined which three principal components (PC) were adequate for extracting spatial patterns, accounting for 68.02% of the total variance with respective values of 38.59%, 16.89%, and 12.5%. Due to economic development and agribusiness, Cerrado’s northern (central, western, and southern) areas had negative (positive) score HDI values, as shown in PC1. Climatic (rainfall—spring and fall) and environmental (cropland/rainfed and shrubland) aspects dominated the PC2, with negative scores in northern and western portions due to the transition zone between Amazon and Cerrado biomes caused by rainfall variability. On the other hand, environmental aspects (LULC-shrubland and elevation) influenced the PC3; areas with high altitudes (> 500 m) received a higher score. Conclusion Agricultural expansion substantially affected LULC, leading to deforestation-caused suppression of native vegetation. Environment (dpeaa)DE-He213 Agribusiness (dpeaa)DE-He213 Active fire (dpeaa)DE-He213 Human Development Index (dpeaa)DE-He213 Land use and land cover (dpeaa)DE-He213 de Oliveira-Júnior, José Francisco aut Santiago, Dimas de Barros aut Abdo, Hazem Ghassan (orcid)0000-0001-9283-3947 aut Almohamad, Hussein aut Al Dughairi, Ahmed Abdullah aut da Silva Junior, Carlos Antonio aut Enthalten in Ecological Processes Heidelberg : SpringerOpen, 2012 12(2023), 1 vom: 19. Apr. (DE-627)732623693 (DE-600)2694945-3 2192-1709 nnns volume:12 year:2023 number:1 day:19 month:04 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13717-023-00433-0 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2023 1 19 04
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s13717-023-00433-0 doi (DE-627)SPR050113437 (SPR)s13717-023-00433-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Correia Filho, Washington Luiz Félix verfasserin aut The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Background The Cerrado is the most biodiverse savanna and maintains other biomes. Aware of its significance, this paper evaluated the Brazilian Cerrado’s climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects using remote sensing data and spatial statistics (correlation analysis and principal components analysis—PCA). Following the measures of sample adequacy (MSA) and Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) tests, seventeen variables were evaluated. Results The MSA revealed that the dataset had a good quality (0.76), and nine variables were selected: elevation, evapotranspiration, active fires, Human Development Index (HDI), land use and land cover (LULC; shrubland and cropland/rainfed), rainfall (spring and autumn), and livestock. The correlation matrix indicated a positive (negative) association between HDI and autumn rainfall (HDI and active fires) with a value of 0.77 (− 0.55). The PCA results determined which three principal components (PC) were adequate for extracting spatial patterns, accounting for 68.02% of the total variance with respective values of 38.59%, 16.89%, and 12.5%. Due to economic development and agribusiness, Cerrado’s northern (central, western, and southern) areas had negative (positive) score HDI values, as shown in PC1. Climatic (rainfall—spring and fall) and environmental (cropland/rainfed and shrubland) aspects dominated the PC2, with negative scores in northern and western portions due to the transition zone between Amazon and Cerrado biomes caused by rainfall variability. On the other hand, environmental aspects (LULC-shrubland and elevation) influenced the PC3; areas with high altitudes (> 500 m) received a higher score. Conclusion Agricultural expansion substantially affected LULC, leading to deforestation-caused suppression of native vegetation. Environment (dpeaa)DE-He213 Agribusiness (dpeaa)DE-He213 Active fire (dpeaa)DE-He213 Human Development Index (dpeaa)DE-He213 Land use and land cover (dpeaa)DE-He213 de Oliveira-Júnior, José Francisco aut Santiago, Dimas de Barros aut Abdo, Hazem Ghassan (orcid)0000-0001-9283-3947 aut Almohamad, Hussein aut Al Dughairi, Ahmed Abdullah aut da Silva Junior, Carlos Antonio aut Enthalten in Ecological Processes Heidelberg : SpringerOpen, 2012 12(2023), 1 vom: 19. Apr. (DE-627)732623693 (DE-600)2694945-3 2192-1709 nnns volume:12 year:2023 number:1 day:19 month:04 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13717-023-00433-0 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2023 1 19 04
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s13717-023-00433-0 doi (DE-627)SPR050113437 (SPR)s13717-023-00433-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Correia Filho, Washington Luiz Félix verfasserin aut The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Background The Cerrado is the most biodiverse savanna and maintains other biomes. Aware of its significance, this paper evaluated the Brazilian Cerrado’s climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects using remote sensing data and spatial statistics (correlation analysis and principal components analysis—PCA). Following the measures of sample adequacy (MSA) and Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) tests, seventeen variables were evaluated. Results The MSA revealed that the dataset had a good quality (0.76), and nine variables were selected: elevation, evapotranspiration, active fires, Human Development Index (HDI), land use and land cover (LULC; shrubland and cropland/rainfed), rainfall (spring and autumn), and livestock. The correlation matrix indicated a positive (negative) association between HDI and autumn rainfall (HDI and active fires) with a value of 0.77 (− 0.55). The PCA results determined which three principal components (PC) were adequate for extracting spatial patterns, accounting for 68.02% of the total variance with respective values of 38.59%, 16.89%, and 12.5%. Due to economic development and agribusiness, Cerrado’s northern (central, western, and southern) areas had negative (positive) score HDI values, as shown in PC1. Climatic (rainfall—spring and fall) and environmental (cropland/rainfed and shrubland) aspects dominated the PC2, with negative scores in northern and western portions due to the transition zone between Amazon and Cerrado biomes caused by rainfall variability. On the other hand, environmental aspects (LULC-shrubland and elevation) influenced the PC3; areas with high altitudes (> 500 m) received a higher score. Conclusion Agricultural expansion substantially affected LULC, leading to deforestation-caused suppression of native vegetation. Environment (dpeaa)DE-He213 Agribusiness (dpeaa)DE-He213 Active fire (dpeaa)DE-He213 Human Development Index (dpeaa)DE-He213 Land use and land cover (dpeaa)DE-He213 de Oliveira-Júnior, José Francisco aut Santiago, Dimas de Barros aut Abdo, Hazem Ghassan (orcid)0000-0001-9283-3947 aut Almohamad, Hussein aut Al Dughairi, Ahmed Abdullah aut da Silva Junior, Carlos Antonio aut Enthalten in Ecological Processes Heidelberg : SpringerOpen, 2012 12(2023), 1 vom: 19. Apr. (DE-627)732623693 (DE-600)2694945-3 2192-1709 nnns volume:12 year:2023 number:1 day:19 month:04 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13717-023-00433-0 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2023 1 19 04
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s13717-023-00433-0 doi (DE-627)SPR050113437 (SPR)s13717-023-00433-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Correia Filho, Washington Luiz Félix verfasserin aut The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Background The Cerrado is the most biodiverse savanna and maintains other biomes. Aware of its significance, this paper evaluated the Brazilian Cerrado’s climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects using remote sensing data and spatial statistics (correlation analysis and principal components analysis—PCA). Following the measures of sample adequacy (MSA) and Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) tests, seventeen variables were evaluated. Results The MSA revealed that the dataset had a good quality (0.76), and nine variables were selected: elevation, evapotranspiration, active fires, Human Development Index (HDI), land use and land cover (LULC; shrubland and cropland/rainfed), rainfall (spring and autumn), and livestock. The correlation matrix indicated a positive (negative) association between HDI and autumn rainfall (HDI and active fires) with a value of 0.77 (− 0.55). The PCA results determined which three principal components (PC) were adequate for extracting spatial patterns, accounting for 68.02% of the total variance with respective values of 38.59%, 16.89%, and 12.5%. Due to economic development and agribusiness, Cerrado’s northern (central, western, and southern) areas had negative (positive) score HDI values, as shown in PC1. Climatic (rainfall—spring and fall) and environmental (cropland/rainfed and shrubland) aspects dominated the PC2, with negative scores in northern and western portions due to the transition zone between Amazon and Cerrado biomes caused by rainfall variability. On the other hand, environmental aspects (LULC-shrubland and elevation) influenced the PC3; areas with high altitudes (> 500 m) received a higher score. Conclusion Agricultural expansion substantially affected LULC, leading to deforestation-caused suppression of native vegetation. Environment (dpeaa)DE-He213 Agribusiness (dpeaa)DE-He213 Active fire (dpeaa)DE-He213 Human Development Index (dpeaa)DE-He213 Land use and land cover (dpeaa)DE-He213 de Oliveira-Júnior, José Francisco aut Santiago, Dimas de Barros aut Abdo, Hazem Ghassan (orcid)0000-0001-9283-3947 aut Almohamad, Hussein aut Al Dughairi, Ahmed Abdullah aut da Silva Junior, Carlos Antonio aut Enthalten in Ecological Processes Heidelberg : SpringerOpen, 2012 12(2023), 1 vom: 19. Apr. (DE-627)732623693 (DE-600)2694945-3 2192-1709 nnns volume:12 year:2023 number:1 day:19 month:04 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13717-023-00433-0 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2023 1 19 04
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author	Correia Filho, Washington Luiz Félix
spellingShingle	Correia Filho, Washington Luiz Félix misc Environment misc Agribusiness misc Active fire misc Human Development Index misc Land use and land cover The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado
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topic_title	The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado Environment (dpeaa)DE-He213 Agribusiness (dpeaa)DE-He213 Active fire (dpeaa)DE-He213 Human Development Index (dpeaa)DE-He213 Land use and land cover (dpeaa)DE-He213
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title	The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado
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title_full	The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado
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author_browse	Correia Filho, Washington Luiz Félix de Oliveira-Júnior, José Francisco Santiago, Dimas de Barros Abdo, Hazem Ghassan Almohamad, Hussein Al Dughairi, Ahmed Abdullah da Silva Junior, Carlos Antonio
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title_sort	assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the brazilian cerrado
title_auth	The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado
abstract	Background The Cerrado is the most biodiverse savanna and maintains other biomes. Aware of its significance, this paper evaluated the Brazilian Cerrado’s climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects using remote sensing data and spatial statistics (correlation analysis and principal components analysis—PCA). Following the measures of sample adequacy (MSA) and Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) tests, seventeen variables were evaluated. Results The MSA revealed that the dataset had a good quality (0.76), and nine variables were selected: elevation, evapotranspiration, active fires, Human Development Index (HDI), land use and land cover (LULC; shrubland and cropland/rainfed), rainfall (spring and autumn), and livestock. The correlation matrix indicated a positive (negative) association between HDI and autumn rainfall (HDI and active fires) with a value of 0.77 (− 0.55). The PCA results determined which three principal components (PC) were adequate for extracting spatial patterns, accounting for 68.02% of the total variance with respective values of 38.59%, 16.89%, and 12.5%. Due to economic development and agribusiness, Cerrado’s northern (central, western, and southern) areas had negative (positive) score HDI values, as shown in PC1. Climatic (rainfall—spring and fall) and environmental (cropland/rainfed and shrubland) aspects dominated the PC2, with negative scores in northern and western portions due to the transition zone between Amazon and Cerrado biomes caused by rainfall variability. On the other hand, environmental aspects (LULC-shrubland and elevation) influenced the PC3; areas with high altitudes (> 500 m) received a higher score. Conclusion Agricultural expansion substantially affected LULC, leading to deforestation-caused suppression of native vegetation. © The Author(s) 2023
abstractGer	Background The Cerrado is the most biodiverse savanna and maintains other biomes. Aware of its significance, this paper evaluated the Brazilian Cerrado’s climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects using remote sensing data and spatial statistics (correlation analysis and principal components analysis—PCA). Following the measures of sample adequacy (MSA) and Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) tests, seventeen variables were evaluated. Results The MSA revealed that the dataset had a good quality (0.76), and nine variables were selected: elevation, evapotranspiration, active fires, Human Development Index (HDI), land use and land cover (LULC; shrubland and cropland/rainfed), rainfall (spring and autumn), and livestock. The correlation matrix indicated a positive (negative) association between HDI and autumn rainfall (HDI and active fires) with a value of 0.77 (− 0.55). The PCA results determined which three principal components (PC) were adequate for extracting spatial patterns, accounting for 68.02% of the total variance with respective values of 38.59%, 16.89%, and 12.5%. Due to economic development and agribusiness, Cerrado’s northern (central, western, and southern) areas had negative (positive) score HDI values, as shown in PC1. Climatic (rainfall—spring and fall) and environmental (cropland/rainfed and shrubland) aspects dominated the PC2, with negative scores in northern and western portions due to the transition zone between Amazon and Cerrado biomes caused by rainfall variability. On the other hand, environmental aspects (LULC-shrubland and elevation) influenced the PC3; areas with high altitudes (> 500 m) received a higher score. Conclusion Agricultural expansion substantially affected LULC, leading to deforestation-caused suppression of native vegetation. © The Author(s) 2023
abstract_unstemmed	Background The Cerrado is the most biodiverse savanna and maintains other biomes. Aware of its significance, this paper evaluated the Brazilian Cerrado’s climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects using remote sensing data and spatial statistics (correlation analysis and principal components analysis—PCA). Following the measures of sample adequacy (MSA) and Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) tests, seventeen variables were evaluated. Results The MSA revealed that the dataset had a good quality (0.76), and nine variables were selected: elevation, evapotranspiration, active fires, Human Development Index (HDI), land use and land cover (LULC; shrubland and cropland/rainfed), rainfall (spring and autumn), and livestock. The correlation matrix indicated a positive (negative) association between HDI and autumn rainfall (HDI and active fires) with a value of 0.77 (− 0.55). The PCA results determined which three principal components (PC) were adequate for extracting spatial patterns, accounting for 68.02% of the total variance with respective values of 38.59%, 16.89%, and 12.5%. Due to economic development and agribusiness, Cerrado’s northern (central, western, and southern) areas had negative (positive) score HDI values, as shown in PC1. Climatic (rainfall—spring and fall) and environmental (cropland/rainfed and shrubland) aspects dominated the PC2, with negative scores in northern and western portions due to the transition zone between Amazon and Cerrado biomes caused by rainfall variability. On the other hand, environmental aspects (LULC-shrubland and elevation) influenced the PC3; areas with high altitudes (> 500 m) received a higher score. Conclusion Agricultural expansion substantially affected LULC, leading to deforestation-caused suppression of native vegetation. © The Author(s) 2023
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title_short	The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado
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Aware of its significance, this paper evaluated the Brazilian Cerrado’s climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects using remote sensing data and spatial statistics (correlation analysis and principal components analysis—PCA). Following the measures of sample adequacy (MSA) and Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) tests, seventeen variables were evaluated. Results The MSA revealed that the dataset had a good quality (0.76), and nine variables were selected: elevation, evapotranspiration, active fires, Human Development Index (HDI), land use and land cover (LULC; shrubland and cropland/rainfed), rainfall (spring and autumn), and livestock. The correlation matrix indicated a positive (negative) association between HDI and autumn rainfall (HDI and active fires) with a value of 0.77 (− 0.55). The PCA results determined which three principal components (PC) were adequate for extracting spatial patterns, accounting for 68.02% of the total variance with respective values of 38.59%, 16.89%, and 12.5%. Due to economic development and agribusiness, Cerrado’s northern (central, western, and southern) areas had negative (positive) score HDI values, as shown in PC1. Climatic (rainfall—spring and fall) and environmental (cropland/rainfed and shrubland) aspects dominated the PC2, with negative scores in northern and western portions due to the transition zone between Amazon and Cerrado biomes caused by rainfall variability. On the other hand, environmental aspects (LULC-shrubland and elevation) influenced the PC3; areas with high altitudes (> 500 m) received a higher score. Conclusion Agricultural expansion substantially affected LULC, leading to deforestation-caused suppression of native vegetation.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Environment</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Agribusiness</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Active fire</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Human Development Index</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Land use and land cover</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">de Oliveira-Júnior, José Francisco</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Santiago, Dimas de Barros</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abdo, Hazem Ghassan</subfield><subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0001-9283-3947</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Almohamad, Hussein</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Al Dughairi, Ahmed Abdullah</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">da Silva Junior, Carlos Antonio</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Ecological Processes</subfield><subfield code="d">Heidelberg : SpringerOpen, 2012</subfield><subfield code="g">12(2023), 1 vom: 19. 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The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado

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