Scientific challenges and instrumentation for the International Meridian Circle Program
Abstract Earth’s ecosystems and human activities are threatened by a broad spectrum of hazards of major importance for the safety of ground infrastructures, space systems and space flight: solar activity, earthquakes, atmospheric and climatic disturbances, changes in the geomagnetic field, fluctuati...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Liu, William [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2021 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Science in China - Heidelberg : Springer, 1997, 64(2021), 12 vom: 19. Okt., Seite 2090-2097 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:64 ; year:2021 ; number:12 ; day:19 ; month:10 ; pages:2090-2097 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s11430-021-9841-8 |
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SPR050354418 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Earth’s ecosystems and human activities are threatened by a broad spectrum of hazards of major importance for the safety of ground infrastructures, space systems and space flight: solar activity, earthquakes, atmospheric and climatic disturbances, changes in the geomagnetic field, fluctuations of the global electric circuit. Monitoring and understanding these major hazards to better predict and mitigate their effects is one of the greatest scientific and operational challenges of the 21st century. Though diverse, these hazards share one feature in common: they all leave their characteristic imprints on a critical layer of the Earth’s environment: its ionosphere, middle and upper atmosphere (IMUA). The objective of the International Meridian Circle Program (IMCP), a major international program led by the Chines Academy of Sciences (CAS), is to deploy, integrate and operate a global network of research and monitoring instruments to use the IMUA as a screen on which to detect these imprints. In this article, we first show that the geometry required for the IMCP global observation system leads to a deployment of instruments in priority along the 120°E–60°W great meridian circle, which will cover in an optimal way both the dominant geographic and geomagnetic latitude variations, possibly complemented by a second Great Circle along the 30°E–150°W meridians to capture longitude variations. Then, starting from the Chinese Meridian Project (CMP) network and using it as a template, we give a preliminary and promising description of the instruments to be integrated and deployed along the 120°E–60° W great circle running across China, Australia and the Americas. | ||
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10.1007/s11430-021-9841-8 doi (DE-627)SPR050354418 (SPR)s11430-021-9841-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Liu, William verfasserin aut Scientific challenges and instrumentation for the International Meridian Circle Program 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Earth’s ecosystems and human activities are threatened by a broad spectrum of hazards of major importance for the safety of ground infrastructures, space systems and space flight: solar activity, earthquakes, atmospheric and climatic disturbances, changes in the geomagnetic field, fluctuations of the global electric circuit. Monitoring and understanding these major hazards to better predict and mitigate their effects is one of the greatest scientific and operational challenges of the 21st century. Though diverse, these hazards share one feature in common: they all leave their characteristic imprints on a critical layer of the Earth’s environment: its ionosphere, middle and upper atmosphere (IMUA). The objective of the International Meridian Circle Program (IMCP), a major international program led by the Chines Academy of Sciences (CAS), is to deploy, integrate and operate a global network of research and monitoring instruments to use the IMUA as a screen on which to detect these imprints. In this article, we first show that the geometry required for the IMCP global observation system leads to a deployment of instruments in priority along the 120°E–60°W great meridian circle, which will cover in an optimal way both the dominant geographic and geomagnetic latitude variations, possibly complemented by a second Great Circle along the 30°E–150°W meridians to capture longitude variations. Then, starting from the Chinese Meridian Project (CMP) network and using it as a template, we give a preliminary and promising description of the instruments to be integrated and deployed along the 120°E–60° W great circle running across China, Australia and the Americas. International Meridian Circle Program (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ionosphere (dpeaa)DE-He213 Middle-upper atmosphere (dpeaa)DE-He213 Space weather (dpeaa)DE-He213 Chinese Meridian Project (dpeaa)DE-He213 Blanc, Michel aut Wang, Chi aut Donavan, Eric aut Foster, John aut Lester, Mark aut Opgenoorth, Hermann aut Ren, Liwen aut Enthalten in Science in China Heidelberg : Springer, 1997 64(2021), 12 vom: 19. Okt., Seite 2090-2097 (DE-627)385614748 (DE-600)2142896-7 1862-2801 nnns volume:64 year:2021 number:12 day:19 month:10 pages:2090-2097 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-021-9841-8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 64 2021 12 19 10 2090-2097 |
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10.1007/s11430-021-9841-8 doi (DE-627)SPR050354418 (SPR)s11430-021-9841-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Liu, William verfasserin aut Scientific challenges and instrumentation for the International Meridian Circle Program 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Earth’s ecosystems and human activities are threatened by a broad spectrum of hazards of major importance for the safety of ground infrastructures, space systems and space flight: solar activity, earthquakes, atmospheric and climatic disturbances, changes in the geomagnetic field, fluctuations of the global electric circuit. Monitoring and understanding these major hazards to better predict and mitigate their effects is one of the greatest scientific and operational challenges of the 21st century. Though diverse, these hazards share one feature in common: they all leave their characteristic imprints on a critical layer of the Earth’s environment: its ionosphere, middle and upper atmosphere (IMUA). The objective of the International Meridian Circle Program (IMCP), a major international program led by the Chines Academy of Sciences (CAS), is to deploy, integrate and operate a global network of research and monitoring instruments to use the IMUA as a screen on which to detect these imprints. In this article, we first show that the geometry required for the IMCP global observation system leads to a deployment of instruments in priority along the 120°E–60°W great meridian circle, which will cover in an optimal way both the dominant geographic and geomagnetic latitude variations, possibly complemented by a second Great Circle along the 30°E–150°W meridians to capture longitude variations. Then, starting from the Chinese Meridian Project (CMP) network and using it as a template, we give a preliminary and promising description of the instruments to be integrated and deployed along the 120°E–60° W great circle running across China, Australia and the Americas. International Meridian Circle Program (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ionosphere (dpeaa)DE-He213 Middle-upper atmosphere (dpeaa)DE-He213 Space weather (dpeaa)DE-He213 Chinese Meridian Project (dpeaa)DE-He213 Blanc, Michel aut Wang, Chi aut Donavan, Eric aut Foster, John aut Lester, Mark aut Opgenoorth, Hermann aut Ren, Liwen aut Enthalten in Science in China Heidelberg : Springer, 1997 64(2021), 12 vom: 19. Okt., Seite 2090-2097 (DE-627)385614748 (DE-600)2142896-7 1862-2801 nnns volume:64 year:2021 number:12 day:19 month:10 pages:2090-2097 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-021-9841-8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 64 2021 12 19 10 2090-2097 |
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10.1007/s11430-021-9841-8 doi (DE-627)SPR050354418 (SPR)s11430-021-9841-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Liu, William verfasserin aut Scientific challenges and instrumentation for the International Meridian Circle Program 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Earth’s ecosystems and human activities are threatened by a broad spectrum of hazards of major importance for the safety of ground infrastructures, space systems and space flight: solar activity, earthquakes, atmospheric and climatic disturbances, changes in the geomagnetic field, fluctuations of the global electric circuit. Monitoring and understanding these major hazards to better predict and mitigate their effects is one of the greatest scientific and operational challenges of the 21st century. Though diverse, these hazards share one feature in common: they all leave their characteristic imprints on a critical layer of the Earth’s environment: its ionosphere, middle and upper atmosphere (IMUA). The objective of the International Meridian Circle Program (IMCP), a major international program led by the Chines Academy of Sciences (CAS), is to deploy, integrate and operate a global network of research and monitoring instruments to use the IMUA as a screen on which to detect these imprints. In this article, we first show that the geometry required for the IMCP global observation system leads to a deployment of instruments in priority along the 120°E–60°W great meridian circle, which will cover in an optimal way both the dominant geographic and geomagnetic latitude variations, possibly complemented by a second Great Circle along the 30°E–150°W meridians to capture longitude variations. Then, starting from the Chinese Meridian Project (CMP) network and using it as a template, we give a preliminary and promising description of the instruments to be integrated and deployed along the 120°E–60° W great circle running across China, Australia and the Americas. International Meridian Circle Program (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ionosphere (dpeaa)DE-He213 Middle-upper atmosphere (dpeaa)DE-He213 Space weather (dpeaa)DE-He213 Chinese Meridian Project (dpeaa)DE-He213 Blanc, Michel aut Wang, Chi aut Donavan, Eric aut Foster, John aut Lester, Mark aut Opgenoorth, Hermann aut Ren, Liwen aut Enthalten in Science in China Heidelberg : Springer, 1997 64(2021), 12 vom: 19. Okt., Seite 2090-2097 (DE-627)385614748 (DE-600)2142896-7 1862-2801 nnns volume:64 year:2021 number:12 day:19 month:10 pages:2090-2097 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-021-9841-8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 64 2021 12 19 10 2090-2097 |
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10.1007/s11430-021-9841-8 doi (DE-627)SPR050354418 (SPR)s11430-021-9841-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Liu, William verfasserin aut Scientific challenges and instrumentation for the International Meridian Circle Program 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Earth’s ecosystems and human activities are threatened by a broad spectrum of hazards of major importance for the safety of ground infrastructures, space systems and space flight: solar activity, earthquakes, atmospheric and climatic disturbances, changes in the geomagnetic field, fluctuations of the global electric circuit. Monitoring and understanding these major hazards to better predict and mitigate their effects is one of the greatest scientific and operational challenges of the 21st century. Though diverse, these hazards share one feature in common: they all leave their characteristic imprints on a critical layer of the Earth’s environment: its ionosphere, middle and upper atmosphere (IMUA). The objective of the International Meridian Circle Program (IMCP), a major international program led by the Chines Academy of Sciences (CAS), is to deploy, integrate and operate a global network of research and monitoring instruments to use the IMUA as a screen on which to detect these imprints. In this article, we first show that the geometry required for the IMCP global observation system leads to a deployment of instruments in priority along the 120°E–60°W great meridian circle, which will cover in an optimal way both the dominant geographic and geomagnetic latitude variations, possibly complemented by a second Great Circle along the 30°E–150°W meridians to capture longitude variations. Then, starting from the Chinese Meridian Project (CMP) network and using it as a template, we give a preliminary and promising description of the instruments to be integrated and deployed along the 120°E–60° W great circle running across China, Australia and the Americas. International Meridian Circle Program (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ionosphere (dpeaa)DE-He213 Middle-upper atmosphere (dpeaa)DE-He213 Space weather (dpeaa)DE-He213 Chinese Meridian Project (dpeaa)DE-He213 Blanc, Michel aut Wang, Chi aut Donavan, Eric aut Foster, John aut Lester, Mark aut Opgenoorth, Hermann aut Ren, Liwen aut Enthalten in Science in China Heidelberg : Springer, 1997 64(2021), 12 vom: 19. Okt., Seite 2090-2097 (DE-627)385614748 (DE-600)2142896-7 1862-2801 nnns volume:64 year:2021 number:12 day:19 month:10 pages:2090-2097 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-021-9841-8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 64 2021 12 19 10 2090-2097 |
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10.1007/s11430-021-9841-8 doi (DE-627)SPR050354418 (SPR)s11430-021-9841-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Liu, William verfasserin aut Scientific challenges and instrumentation for the International Meridian Circle Program 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Earth’s ecosystems and human activities are threatened by a broad spectrum of hazards of major importance for the safety of ground infrastructures, space systems and space flight: solar activity, earthquakes, atmospheric and climatic disturbances, changes in the geomagnetic field, fluctuations of the global electric circuit. Monitoring and understanding these major hazards to better predict and mitigate their effects is one of the greatest scientific and operational challenges of the 21st century. Though diverse, these hazards share one feature in common: they all leave their characteristic imprints on a critical layer of the Earth’s environment: its ionosphere, middle and upper atmosphere (IMUA). The objective of the International Meridian Circle Program (IMCP), a major international program led by the Chines Academy of Sciences (CAS), is to deploy, integrate and operate a global network of research and monitoring instruments to use the IMUA as a screen on which to detect these imprints. In this article, we first show that the geometry required for the IMCP global observation system leads to a deployment of instruments in priority along the 120°E–60°W great meridian circle, which will cover in an optimal way both the dominant geographic and geomagnetic latitude variations, possibly complemented by a second Great Circle along the 30°E–150°W meridians to capture longitude variations. Then, starting from the Chinese Meridian Project (CMP) network and using it as a template, we give a preliminary and promising description of the instruments to be integrated and deployed along the 120°E–60° W great circle running across China, Australia and the Americas. International Meridian Circle Program (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ionosphere (dpeaa)DE-He213 Middle-upper atmosphere (dpeaa)DE-He213 Space weather (dpeaa)DE-He213 Chinese Meridian Project (dpeaa)DE-He213 Blanc, Michel aut Wang, Chi aut Donavan, Eric aut Foster, John aut Lester, Mark aut Opgenoorth, Hermann aut Ren, Liwen aut Enthalten in Science in China Heidelberg : Springer, 1997 64(2021), 12 vom: 19. Okt., Seite 2090-2097 (DE-627)385614748 (DE-600)2142896-7 1862-2801 nnns volume:64 year:2021 number:12 day:19 month:10 pages:2090-2097 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-021-9841-8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 64 2021 12 19 10 2090-2097 |
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Abstract Earth’s ecosystems and human activities are threatened by a broad spectrum of hazards of major importance for the safety of ground infrastructures, space systems and space flight: solar activity, earthquakes, atmospheric and climatic disturbances, changes in the geomagnetic field, fluctuations of the global electric circuit. Monitoring and understanding these major hazards to better predict and mitigate their effects is one of the greatest scientific and operational challenges of the 21st century. Though diverse, these hazards share one feature in common: they all leave their characteristic imprints on a critical layer of the Earth’s environment: its ionosphere, middle and upper atmosphere (IMUA). The objective of the International Meridian Circle Program (IMCP), a major international program led by the Chines Academy of Sciences (CAS), is to deploy, integrate and operate a global network of research and monitoring instruments to use the IMUA as a screen on which to detect these imprints. In this article, we first show that the geometry required for the IMCP global observation system leads to a deployment of instruments in priority along the 120°E–60°W great meridian circle, which will cover in an optimal way both the dominant geographic and geomagnetic latitude variations, possibly complemented by a second Great Circle along the 30°E–150°W meridians to capture longitude variations. Then, starting from the Chinese Meridian Project (CMP) network and using it as a template, we give a preliminary and promising description of the instruments to be integrated and deployed along the 120°E–60° W great circle running across China, Australia and the Americas. © Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 |
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Abstract Earth’s ecosystems and human activities are threatened by a broad spectrum of hazards of major importance for the safety of ground infrastructures, space systems and space flight: solar activity, earthquakes, atmospheric and climatic disturbances, changes in the geomagnetic field, fluctuations of the global electric circuit. Monitoring and understanding these major hazards to better predict and mitigate their effects is one of the greatest scientific and operational challenges of the 21st century. Though diverse, these hazards share one feature in common: they all leave their characteristic imprints on a critical layer of the Earth’s environment: its ionosphere, middle and upper atmosphere (IMUA). The objective of the International Meridian Circle Program (IMCP), a major international program led by the Chines Academy of Sciences (CAS), is to deploy, integrate and operate a global network of research and monitoring instruments to use the IMUA as a screen on which to detect these imprints. In this article, we first show that the geometry required for the IMCP global observation system leads to a deployment of instruments in priority along the 120°E–60°W great meridian circle, which will cover in an optimal way both the dominant geographic and geomagnetic latitude variations, possibly complemented by a second Great Circle along the 30°E–150°W meridians to capture longitude variations. Then, starting from the Chinese Meridian Project (CMP) network and using it as a template, we give a preliminary and promising description of the instruments to be integrated and deployed along the 120°E–60° W great circle running across China, Australia and the Americas. © Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 |
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Abstract Earth’s ecosystems and human activities are threatened by a broad spectrum of hazards of major importance for the safety of ground infrastructures, space systems and space flight: solar activity, earthquakes, atmospheric and climatic disturbances, changes in the geomagnetic field, fluctuations of the global electric circuit. Monitoring and understanding these major hazards to better predict and mitigate their effects is one of the greatest scientific and operational challenges of the 21st century. Though diverse, these hazards share one feature in common: they all leave their characteristic imprints on a critical layer of the Earth’s environment: its ionosphere, middle and upper atmosphere (IMUA). The objective of the International Meridian Circle Program (IMCP), a major international program led by the Chines Academy of Sciences (CAS), is to deploy, integrate and operate a global network of research and monitoring instruments to use the IMUA as a screen on which to detect these imprints. In this article, we first show that the geometry required for the IMCP global observation system leads to a deployment of instruments in priority along the 120°E–60°W great meridian circle, which will cover in an optimal way both the dominant geographic and geomagnetic latitude variations, possibly complemented by a second Great Circle along the 30°E–150°W meridians to capture longitude variations. Then, starting from the Chinese Meridian Project (CMP) network and using it as a template, we give a preliminary and promising description of the instruments to be integrated and deployed along the 120°E–60° W great circle running across China, Australia and the Americas. © Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 |
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In this article, we first show that the geometry required for the IMCP global observation system leads to a deployment of instruments in priority along the 120°E–60°W great meridian circle, which will cover in an optimal way both the dominant geographic and geomagnetic latitude variations, possibly complemented by a second Great Circle along the 30°E–150°W meridians to capture longitude variations. 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