Sex diversity within U.S. residencies: a cross-sectional study of trends from 2011 to 2019

Background Despite females comprising 50.8% of the U.S. population, the percentage of females in the physician workforce is only 36.3%. Studies have examined sex trends within select specialties, however there is insufficient literature studying trends across all specialties. In this study, the auth...
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Autor*in:	Aguwa, Ugochi T. [verfasserIn] Menard, Maylander Srikumaran, Divya Prescott, Christina Canner, Joseph Woreta, Fasika

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	Diversity Sex Female Residents Disparity

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s) 2022

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: BMC medical education - London : BioMed Central, 2001, 22(2022), 1 vom: 05. Juli
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:22 ; year:2022 ; number:1 ; day:05 ; month:07

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s12909-022-03565-7

Katalog-ID:	SPR050830481

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520			\|a Background Despite females comprising 50.8% of the U.S. population, the percentage of females in the physician workforce is only 36.3%. Studies have examined sex trends within select specialties, however there is insufficient literature studying trends across all specialties. In this study, the authors examined trends in the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 across all specialties, including both surgical and non-surgical. Methods Data on the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 in all specialties was extracted from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Data Resource Books and analyzed with the chi-square test for trend. Results From 2011 to 2019, there was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of female residents in surgical specialties (p < 0.001) and no significant change in the percentage of female residents in non-surgical specialties. In the same time period, the specialty with the highest percentage of females was Obstetrics & Gynecology (81.3%), and the specialty with the lowest percentage of females was Orthopedic Surgery (13.8%). Conclusions Although there has been a positive overall trend in the percentage of females entering medical and surgical specialties, the percentage of females in medicine overall still lies below that of the entire population. Increased efforts are needed to increase female representation in medicine, especially in the U.S. in specialties where they are traditionally underrepresented.
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allfields	10.1186/s12909-022-03565-7 doi (DE-627)SPR050830481 (SPR)s12909-022-03565-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Aguwa, Ugochi T. verfasserin aut Sex diversity within U.S. residencies: a cross-sectional study of trends from 2011 to 2019 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2022 Background Despite females comprising 50.8% of the U.S. population, the percentage of females in the physician workforce is only 36.3%. Studies have examined sex trends within select specialties, however there is insufficient literature studying trends across all specialties. In this study, the authors examined trends in the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 across all specialties, including both surgical and non-surgical. Methods Data on the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 in all specialties was extracted from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Data Resource Books and analyzed with the chi-square test for trend. Results From 2011 to 2019, there was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of female residents in surgical specialties (p < 0.001) and no significant change in the percentage of female residents in non-surgical specialties. In the same time period, the specialty with the highest percentage of females was Obstetrics & Gynecology (81.3%), and the specialty with the lowest percentage of females was Orthopedic Surgery (13.8%). Conclusions Although there has been a positive overall trend in the percentage of females entering medical and surgical specialties, the percentage of females in medicine overall still lies below that of the entire population. Increased efforts are needed to increase female representation in medicine, especially in the U.S. in specialties where they are traditionally underrepresented. Diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sex (dpeaa)DE-He213 Female (dpeaa)DE-He213 Residents (dpeaa)DE-He213 Disparity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Menard, Maylander aut Srikumaran, Divya aut Prescott, Christina aut Canner, Joseph aut Woreta, Fasika aut Enthalten in BMC medical education London : BioMed Central, 2001 22(2022), 1 vom: 05. Juli (DE-627)327961260 (DE-600)2044473-4 1472-6920 nnns volume:22 year:2022 number:1 day:05 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03565-7 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 22 2022 1 05 07
spelling	10.1186/s12909-022-03565-7 doi (DE-627)SPR050830481 (SPR)s12909-022-03565-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Aguwa, Ugochi T. verfasserin aut Sex diversity within U.S. residencies: a cross-sectional study of trends from 2011 to 2019 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2022 Background Despite females comprising 50.8% of the U.S. population, the percentage of females in the physician workforce is only 36.3%. Studies have examined sex trends within select specialties, however there is insufficient literature studying trends across all specialties. In this study, the authors examined trends in the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 across all specialties, including both surgical and non-surgical. Methods Data on the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 in all specialties was extracted from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Data Resource Books and analyzed with the chi-square test for trend. Results From 2011 to 2019, there was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of female residents in surgical specialties (p < 0.001) and no significant change in the percentage of female residents in non-surgical specialties. In the same time period, the specialty with the highest percentage of females was Obstetrics & Gynecology (81.3%), and the specialty with the lowest percentage of females was Orthopedic Surgery (13.8%). Conclusions Although there has been a positive overall trend in the percentage of females entering medical and surgical specialties, the percentage of females in medicine overall still lies below that of the entire population. Increased efforts are needed to increase female representation in medicine, especially in the U.S. in specialties where they are traditionally underrepresented. Diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sex (dpeaa)DE-He213 Female (dpeaa)DE-He213 Residents (dpeaa)DE-He213 Disparity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Menard, Maylander aut Srikumaran, Divya aut Prescott, Christina aut Canner, Joseph aut Woreta, Fasika aut Enthalten in BMC medical education London : BioMed Central, 2001 22(2022), 1 vom: 05. Juli (DE-627)327961260 (DE-600)2044473-4 1472-6920 nnns volume:22 year:2022 number:1 day:05 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03565-7 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 22 2022 1 05 07
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s12909-022-03565-7 doi (DE-627)SPR050830481 (SPR)s12909-022-03565-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Aguwa, Ugochi T. verfasserin aut Sex diversity within U.S. residencies: a cross-sectional study of trends from 2011 to 2019 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2022 Background Despite females comprising 50.8% of the U.S. population, the percentage of females in the physician workforce is only 36.3%. Studies have examined sex trends within select specialties, however there is insufficient literature studying trends across all specialties. In this study, the authors examined trends in the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 across all specialties, including both surgical and non-surgical. Methods Data on the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 in all specialties was extracted from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Data Resource Books and analyzed with the chi-square test for trend. Results From 2011 to 2019, there was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of female residents in surgical specialties (p < 0.001) and no significant change in the percentage of female residents in non-surgical specialties. In the same time period, the specialty with the highest percentage of females was Obstetrics & Gynecology (81.3%), and the specialty with the lowest percentage of females was Orthopedic Surgery (13.8%). Conclusions Although there has been a positive overall trend in the percentage of females entering medical and surgical specialties, the percentage of females in medicine overall still lies below that of the entire population. Increased efforts are needed to increase female representation in medicine, especially in the U.S. in specialties where they are traditionally underrepresented. Diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sex (dpeaa)DE-He213 Female (dpeaa)DE-He213 Residents (dpeaa)DE-He213 Disparity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Menard, Maylander aut Srikumaran, Divya aut Prescott, Christina aut Canner, Joseph aut Woreta, Fasika aut Enthalten in BMC medical education London : BioMed Central, 2001 22(2022), 1 vom: 05. Juli (DE-627)327961260 (DE-600)2044473-4 1472-6920 nnns volume:22 year:2022 number:1 day:05 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03565-7 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 22 2022 1 05 07
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s12909-022-03565-7 doi (DE-627)SPR050830481 (SPR)s12909-022-03565-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Aguwa, Ugochi T. verfasserin aut Sex diversity within U.S. residencies: a cross-sectional study of trends from 2011 to 2019 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2022 Background Despite females comprising 50.8% of the U.S. population, the percentage of females in the physician workforce is only 36.3%. Studies have examined sex trends within select specialties, however there is insufficient literature studying trends across all specialties. In this study, the authors examined trends in the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 across all specialties, including both surgical and non-surgical. Methods Data on the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 in all specialties was extracted from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Data Resource Books and analyzed with the chi-square test for trend. Results From 2011 to 2019, there was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of female residents in surgical specialties (p < 0.001) and no significant change in the percentage of female residents in non-surgical specialties. In the same time period, the specialty with the highest percentage of females was Obstetrics & Gynecology (81.3%), and the specialty with the lowest percentage of females was Orthopedic Surgery (13.8%). Conclusions Although there has been a positive overall trend in the percentage of females entering medical and surgical specialties, the percentage of females in medicine overall still lies below that of the entire population. Increased efforts are needed to increase female representation in medicine, especially in the U.S. in specialties where they are traditionally underrepresented. Diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sex (dpeaa)DE-He213 Female (dpeaa)DE-He213 Residents (dpeaa)DE-He213 Disparity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Menard, Maylander aut Srikumaran, Divya aut Prescott, Christina aut Canner, Joseph aut Woreta, Fasika aut Enthalten in BMC medical education London : BioMed Central, 2001 22(2022), 1 vom: 05. Juli (DE-627)327961260 (DE-600)2044473-4 1472-6920 nnns volume:22 year:2022 number:1 day:05 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03565-7 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 22 2022 1 05 07
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s12909-022-03565-7 doi (DE-627)SPR050830481 (SPR)s12909-022-03565-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Aguwa, Ugochi T. verfasserin aut Sex diversity within U.S. residencies: a cross-sectional study of trends from 2011 to 2019 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2022 Background Despite females comprising 50.8% of the U.S. population, the percentage of females in the physician workforce is only 36.3%. Studies have examined sex trends within select specialties, however there is insufficient literature studying trends across all specialties. In this study, the authors examined trends in the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 across all specialties, including both surgical and non-surgical. Methods Data on the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 in all specialties was extracted from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Data Resource Books and analyzed with the chi-square test for trend. Results From 2011 to 2019, there was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of female residents in surgical specialties (p < 0.001) and no significant change in the percentage of female residents in non-surgical specialties. In the same time period, the specialty with the highest percentage of females was Obstetrics & Gynecology (81.3%), and the specialty with the lowest percentage of females was Orthopedic Surgery (13.8%). Conclusions Although there has been a positive overall trend in the percentage of females entering medical and surgical specialties, the percentage of females in medicine overall still lies below that of the entire population. Increased efforts are needed to increase female representation in medicine, especially in the U.S. in specialties where they are traditionally underrepresented. Diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sex (dpeaa)DE-He213 Female (dpeaa)DE-He213 Residents (dpeaa)DE-He213 Disparity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Menard, Maylander aut Srikumaran, Divya aut Prescott, Christina aut Canner, Joseph aut Woreta, Fasika aut Enthalten in BMC medical education London : BioMed Central, 2001 22(2022), 1 vom: 05. Juli (DE-627)327961260 (DE-600)2044473-4 1472-6920 nnns volume:22 year:2022 number:1 day:05 month:07 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03565-7 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 22 2022 1 05 07
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Studies have examined sex trends within select specialties, however there is insufficient literature studying trends across all specialties. In this study, the authors examined trends in the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 across all specialties, including both surgical and non-surgical. Methods Data on the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 in all specialties was extracted from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Data Resource Books and analyzed with the chi-square test for trend. Results From 2011 to 2019, there was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of female residents in surgical specialties (p < 0.001) and no significant change in the percentage of female residents in non-surgical specialties. In the same time period, the specialty with the highest percentage of females was Obstetrics & Gynecology (81.3%), and the specialty with the lowest percentage of females was Orthopedic Surgery (13.8%). Conclusions Although there has been a positive overall trend in the percentage of females entering medical and surgical specialties, the percentage of females in medicine overall still lies below that of the entire population. 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author	Aguwa, Ugochi T.
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topic_title	Sex diversity within U.S. residencies: a cross-sectional study of trends from 2011 to 2019 Diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Sex (dpeaa)DE-He213 Female (dpeaa)DE-He213 Residents (dpeaa)DE-He213 Disparity (dpeaa)DE-He213
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title	Sex diversity within U.S. residencies: a cross-sectional study of trends from 2011 to 2019
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title_full	Sex diversity within U.S. residencies: a cross-sectional study of trends from 2011 to 2019
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author_browse	Aguwa, Ugochi T. Menard, Maylander Srikumaran, Divya Prescott, Christina Canner, Joseph Woreta, Fasika
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title_sort	sex diversity within u.s. residencies: a cross-sectional study of trends from 2011 to 2019
title_auth	Sex diversity within U.S. residencies: a cross-sectional study of trends from 2011 to 2019
abstract	Background Despite females comprising 50.8% of the U.S. population, the percentage of females in the physician workforce is only 36.3%. Studies have examined sex trends within select specialties, however there is insufficient literature studying trends across all specialties. In this study, the authors examined trends in the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 across all specialties, including both surgical and non-surgical. Methods Data on the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 in all specialties was extracted from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Data Resource Books and analyzed with the chi-square test for trend. Results From 2011 to 2019, there was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of female residents in surgical specialties (p < 0.001) and no significant change in the percentage of female residents in non-surgical specialties. In the same time period, the specialty with the highest percentage of females was Obstetrics & Gynecology (81.3%), and the specialty with the lowest percentage of females was Orthopedic Surgery (13.8%). Conclusions Although there has been a positive overall trend in the percentage of females entering medical and surgical specialties, the percentage of females in medicine overall still lies below that of the entire population. Increased efforts are needed to increase female representation in medicine, especially in the U.S. in specialties where they are traditionally underrepresented. © The Author(s) 2022
abstractGer	Background Despite females comprising 50.8% of the U.S. population, the percentage of females in the physician workforce is only 36.3%. Studies have examined sex trends within select specialties, however there is insufficient literature studying trends across all specialties. In this study, the authors examined trends in the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 across all specialties, including both surgical and non-surgical. Methods Data on the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 in all specialties was extracted from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Data Resource Books and analyzed with the chi-square test for trend. Results From 2011 to 2019, there was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of female residents in surgical specialties (p < 0.001) and no significant change in the percentage of female residents in non-surgical specialties. In the same time period, the specialty with the highest percentage of females was Obstetrics & Gynecology (81.3%), and the specialty with the lowest percentage of females was Orthopedic Surgery (13.8%). Conclusions Although there has been a positive overall trend in the percentage of females entering medical and surgical specialties, the percentage of females in medicine overall still lies below that of the entire population. Increased efforts are needed to increase female representation in medicine, especially in the U.S. in specialties where they are traditionally underrepresented. © The Author(s) 2022
abstract_unstemmed	Background Despite females comprising 50.8% of the U.S. population, the percentage of females in the physician workforce is only 36.3%. Studies have examined sex trends within select specialties, however there is insufficient literature studying trends across all specialties. In this study, the authors examined trends in the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 across all specialties, including both surgical and non-surgical. Methods Data on the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 in all specialties was extracted from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Data Resource Books and analyzed with the chi-square test for trend. Results From 2011 to 2019, there was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of female residents in surgical specialties (p < 0.001) and no significant change in the percentage of female residents in non-surgical specialties. In the same time period, the specialty with the highest percentage of females was Obstetrics & Gynecology (81.3%), and the specialty with the lowest percentage of females was Orthopedic Surgery (13.8%). Conclusions Although there has been a positive overall trend in the percentage of females entering medical and surgical specialties, the percentage of females in medicine overall still lies below that of the entire population. Increased efforts are needed to increase female representation in medicine, especially in the U.S. in specialties where they are traditionally underrepresented. © The Author(s) 2022
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title_short	Sex diversity within U.S. residencies: a cross-sectional study of trends from 2011 to 2019
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Sex diversity within U.S. residencies: a cross-sectional study of trends from 2011 to 2019

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