Lipidomics combined with transcriptomic and mass spectrometry imaging analysis of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) during metamorphosis and bufadienolide accumulation

Background To adapt to life on land, Asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans) must remodel their bodies and refine their chemical defenses in water. The full scope of the mechanisms underlying these processes has yet to be revealed. Bufadienolides (BDs) are chemical defense substances secreted by toads when...
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Autor*in:	Sun, Bo [verfasserIn] Jiang, Shan Li, Mingli Zhang, Yan Zhou, Yanyan Wei, Xiaolu Wang, Hongjie Si, Nan Bian, Baolin Zhao, Haiyu

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	Metamorphosis Bufadienolide Lipidome Transcriptome Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI)

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s) 2022

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Chinese medicine - London : BioMed Central, 2006, 17(2022), 1 vom: 04. Nov.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:17 ; year:2022 ; number:1 ; day:04 ; month:11

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s13020-022-00676-7

Katalog-ID:	SPR051106906

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520			\|a Background To adapt to life on land, Asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans) must remodel their bodies and refine their chemical defenses in water. The full scope of the mechanisms underlying these processes has yet to be revealed. Bufadienolides (BDs) are chemical defense substances secreted by toads when they are in danger, and they have high medicinal value in treating heart failure, cancer, and hepatitis. However, the artificial breeding of toads to increase BDs has been unsuccessful due to the high mortality of toad larvae during metamorphosis. Method Toad larvae at different growth stages were selected to study the changes in the metamorphosis process under the same growth conditions. The differences of tadpoles were explored, including body remodeling, energy metabolism, synthesis and regulation of BDs, through lipidomic technology, transcriptomic technology, and mass spectrometry imaging technology during metamorphosis. Results During metamorphosis, tadpoles underwent significant changes in lipid metabolism due to body remodeling to adapt to terrestrial life, which involved ketosis, lipogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, and fatty acid oxidation. The accumulation trend of BDs was observed. “Pentose phosphate pathway” and “Aromatase activity” may be the critical pathway and GO term in BD synthesis, involving 16 genes predominantly expressed in the liver. The involved genes were mainly expressed in the liver, consistent with the synthetic site observed by mass spectrometry imaging. Conclusion Together, our findings presented the changes in the toad larvae during metamorphosis and highlighted the accumulation process of BDs as well as the regulatory pathways and synthetic site, providing research and theoretical basis for future development of the toad resources.
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allfields	10.1186/s13020-022-00676-7 doi (DE-627)SPR051106906 (SPR)s13020-022-00676-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Sun, Bo verfasserin aut Lipidomics combined with transcriptomic and mass spectrometry imaging analysis of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) during metamorphosis and bufadienolide accumulation 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2022 Background To adapt to life on land, Asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans) must remodel their bodies and refine their chemical defenses in water. The full scope of the mechanisms underlying these processes has yet to be revealed. Bufadienolides (BDs) are chemical defense substances secreted by toads when they are in danger, and they have high medicinal value in treating heart failure, cancer, and hepatitis. However, the artificial breeding of toads to increase BDs has been unsuccessful due to the high mortality of toad larvae during metamorphosis. Method Toad larvae at different growth stages were selected to study the changes in the metamorphosis process under the same growth conditions. The differences of tadpoles were explored, including body remodeling, energy metabolism, synthesis and regulation of BDs, through lipidomic technology, transcriptomic technology, and mass spectrometry imaging technology during metamorphosis. Results During metamorphosis, tadpoles underwent significant changes in lipid metabolism due to body remodeling to adapt to terrestrial life, which involved ketosis, lipogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, and fatty acid oxidation. The accumulation trend of BDs was observed. “Pentose phosphate pathway” and “Aromatase activity” may be the critical pathway and GO term in BD synthesis, involving 16 genes predominantly expressed in the liver. The involved genes were mainly expressed in the liver, consistent with the synthetic site observed by mass spectrometry imaging. Conclusion Together, our findings presented the changes in the toad larvae during metamorphosis and highlighted the accumulation process of BDs as well as the regulatory pathways and synthetic site, providing research and theoretical basis for future development of the toad resources. Metamorphosis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bufadienolide (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lipidome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transcriptome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Jiang, Shan aut Li, Mingli aut Zhang, Yan aut Zhou, Yanyan aut Wei, Xiaolu aut Wang, Hongjie aut Si, Nan aut Bian, Baolin aut Zhao, Haiyu (orcid)0000-0003-0035-1874 aut Enthalten in Chinese medicine London : BioMed Central, 2006 17(2022), 1 vom: 04. Nov. (DE-627)521457025 (DE-600)2260322-0 1749-8546 nnns volume:17 year:2022 number:1 day:04 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13020-022-00676-7 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 17 2022 1 04 11
spelling	10.1186/s13020-022-00676-7 doi (DE-627)SPR051106906 (SPR)s13020-022-00676-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Sun, Bo verfasserin aut Lipidomics combined with transcriptomic and mass spectrometry imaging analysis of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) during metamorphosis and bufadienolide accumulation 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2022 Background To adapt to life on land, Asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans) must remodel their bodies and refine their chemical defenses in water. The full scope of the mechanisms underlying these processes has yet to be revealed. Bufadienolides (BDs) are chemical defense substances secreted by toads when they are in danger, and they have high medicinal value in treating heart failure, cancer, and hepatitis. However, the artificial breeding of toads to increase BDs has been unsuccessful due to the high mortality of toad larvae during metamorphosis. Method Toad larvae at different growth stages were selected to study the changes in the metamorphosis process under the same growth conditions. The differences of tadpoles were explored, including body remodeling, energy metabolism, synthesis and regulation of BDs, through lipidomic technology, transcriptomic technology, and mass spectrometry imaging technology during metamorphosis. Results During metamorphosis, tadpoles underwent significant changes in lipid metabolism due to body remodeling to adapt to terrestrial life, which involved ketosis, lipogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, and fatty acid oxidation. The accumulation trend of BDs was observed. “Pentose phosphate pathway” and “Aromatase activity” may be the critical pathway and GO term in BD synthesis, involving 16 genes predominantly expressed in the liver. The involved genes were mainly expressed in the liver, consistent with the synthetic site observed by mass spectrometry imaging. Conclusion Together, our findings presented the changes in the toad larvae during metamorphosis and highlighted the accumulation process of BDs as well as the regulatory pathways and synthetic site, providing research and theoretical basis for future development of the toad resources. Metamorphosis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bufadienolide (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lipidome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transcriptome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Jiang, Shan aut Li, Mingli aut Zhang, Yan aut Zhou, Yanyan aut Wei, Xiaolu aut Wang, Hongjie aut Si, Nan aut Bian, Baolin aut Zhao, Haiyu (orcid)0000-0003-0035-1874 aut Enthalten in Chinese medicine London : BioMed Central, 2006 17(2022), 1 vom: 04. Nov. (DE-627)521457025 (DE-600)2260322-0 1749-8546 nnns volume:17 year:2022 number:1 day:04 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13020-022-00676-7 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 17 2022 1 04 11
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s13020-022-00676-7 doi (DE-627)SPR051106906 (SPR)s13020-022-00676-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Sun, Bo verfasserin aut Lipidomics combined with transcriptomic and mass spectrometry imaging analysis of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) during metamorphosis and bufadienolide accumulation 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2022 Background To adapt to life on land, Asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans) must remodel their bodies and refine their chemical defenses in water. The full scope of the mechanisms underlying these processes has yet to be revealed. Bufadienolides (BDs) are chemical defense substances secreted by toads when they are in danger, and they have high medicinal value in treating heart failure, cancer, and hepatitis. However, the artificial breeding of toads to increase BDs has been unsuccessful due to the high mortality of toad larvae during metamorphosis. Method Toad larvae at different growth stages were selected to study the changes in the metamorphosis process under the same growth conditions. The differences of tadpoles were explored, including body remodeling, energy metabolism, synthesis and regulation of BDs, through lipidomic technology, transcriptomic technology, and mass spectrometry imaging technology during metamorphosis. Results During metamorphosis, tadpoles underwent significant changes in lipid metabolism due to body remodeling to adapt to terrestrial life, which involved ketosis, lipogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, and fatty acid oxidation. The accumulation trend of BDs was observed. “Pentose phosphate pathway” and “Aromatase activity” may be the critical pathway and GO term in BD synthesis, involving 16 genes predominantly expressed in the liver. The involved genes were mainly expressed in the liver, consistent with the synthetic site observed by mass spectrometry imaging. Conclusion Together, our findings presented the changes in the toad larvae during metamorphosis and highlighted the accumulation process of BDs as well as the regulatory pathways and synthetic site, providing research and theoretical basis for future development of the toad resources. Metamorphosis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bufadienolide (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lipidome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transcriptome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Jiang, Shan aut Li, Mingli aut Zhang, Yan aut Zhou, Yanyan aut Wei, Xiaolu aut Wang, Hongjie aut Si, Nan aut Bian, Baolin aut Zhao, Haiyu (orcid)0000-0003-0035-1874 aut Enthalten in Chinese medicine London : BioMed Central, 2006 17(2022), 1 vom: 04. Nov. (DE-627)521457025 (DE-600)2260322-0 1749-8546 nnns volume:17 year:2022 number:1 day:04 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13020-022-00676-7 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 17 2022 1 04 11
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s13020-022-00676-7 doi (DE-627)SPR051106906 (SPR)s13020-022-00676-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Sun, Bo verfasserin aut Lipidomics combined with transcriptomic and mass spectrometry imaging analysis of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) during metamorphosis and bufadienolide accumulation 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2022 Background To adapt to life on land, Asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans) must remodel their bodies and refine their chemical defenses in water. The full scope of the mechanisms underlying these processes has yet to be revealed. Bufadienolides (BDs) are chemical defense substances secreted by toads when they are in danger, and they have high medicinal value in treating heart failure, cancer, and hepatitis. However, the artificial breeding of toads to increase BDs has been unsuccessful due to the high mortality of toad larvae during metamorphosis. Method Toad larvae at different growth stages were selected to study the changes in the metamorphosis process under the same growth conditions. The differences of tadpoles were explored, including body remodeling, energy metabolism, synthesis and regulation of BDs, through lipidomic technology, transcriptomic technology, and mass spectrometry imaging technology during metamorphosis. Results During metamorphosis, tadpoles underwent significant changes in lipid metabolism due to body remodeling to adapt to terrestrial life, which involved ketosis, lipogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, and fatty acid oxidation. The accumulation trend of BDs was observed. “Pentose phosphate pathway” and “Aromatase activity” may be the critical pathway and GO term in BD synthesis, involving 16 genes predominantly expressed in the liver. The involved genes were mainly expressed in the liver, consistent with the synthetic site observed by mass spectrometry imaging. Conclusion Together, our findings presented the changes in the toad larvae during metamorphosis and highlighted the accumulation process of BDs as well as the regulatory pathways and synthetic site, providing research and theoretical basis for future development of the toad resources. Metamorphosis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bufadienolide (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lipidome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transcriptome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Jiang, Shan aut Li, Mingli aut Zhang, Yan aut Zhou, Yanyan aut Wei, Xiaolu aut Wang, Hongjie aut Si, Nan aut Bian, Baolin aut Zhao, Haiyu (orcid)0000-0003-0035-1874 aut Enthalten in Chinese medicine London : BioMed Central, 2006 17(2022), 1 vom: 04. Nov. (DE-627)521457025 (DE-600)2260322-0 1749-8546 nnns volume:17 year:2022 number:1 day:04 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13020-022-00676-7 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 17 2022 1 04 11
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s13020-022-00676-7 doi (DE-627)SPR051106906 (SPR)s13020-022-00676-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Sun, Bo verfasserin aut Lipidomics combined with transcriptomic and mass spectrometry imaging analysis of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) during metamorphosis and bufadienolide accumulation 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2022 Background To adapt to life on land, Asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans) must remodel their bodies and refine their chemical defenses in water. The full scope of the mechanisms underlying these processes has yet to be revealed. Bufadienolides (BDs) are chemical defense substances secreted by toads when they are in danger, and they have high medicinal value in treating heart failure, cancer, and hepatitis. However, the artificial breeding of toads to increase BDs has been unsuccessful due to the high mortality of toad larvae during metamorphosis. Method Toad larvae at different growth stages were selected to study the changes in the metamorphosis process under the same growth conditions. The differences of tadpoles were explored, including body remodeling, energy metabolism, synthesis and regulation of BDs, through lipidomic technology, transcriptomic technology, and mass spectrometry imaging technology during metamorphosis. Results During metamorphosis, tadpoles underwent significant changes in lipid metabolism due to body remodeling to adapt to terrestrial life, which involved ketosis, lipogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, and fatty acid oxidation. The accumulation trend of BDs was observed. “Pentose phosphate pathway” and “Aromatase activity” may be the critical pathway and GO term in BD synthesis, involving 16 genes predominantly expressed in the liver. The involved genes were mainly expressed in the liver, consistent with the synthetic site observed by mass spectrometry imaging. Conclusion Together, our findings presented the changes in the toad larvae during metamorphosis and highlighted the accumulation process of BDs as well as the regulatory pathways and synthetic site, providing research and theoretical basis for future development of the toad resources. Metamorphosis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bufadienolide (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lipidome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transcriptome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Jiang, Shan aut Li, Mingli aut Zhang, Yan aut Zhou, Yanyan aut Wei, Xiaolu aut Wang, Hongjie aut Si, Nan aut Bian, Baolin aut Zhao, Haiyu (orcid)0000-0003-0035-1874 aut Enthalten in Chinese medicine London : BioMed Central, 2006 17(2022), 1 vom: 04. Nov. (DE-627)521457025 (DE-600)2260322-0 1749-8546 nnns volume:17 year:2022 number:1 day:04 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13020-022-00676-7 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 17 2022 1 04 11
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Sun, Bo @@aut@@ Jiang, Shan @@aut@@ Li, Mingli @@aut@@ Zhang, Yan @@aut@@ Zhou, Yanyan @@aut@@ Wei, Xiaolu @@aut@@ Wang, Hongjie @@aut@@ Si, Nan @@aut@@ Bian, Baolin @@aut@@ Zhao, Haiyu @@aut@@
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author	Sun, Bo
spellingShingle	Sun, Bo misc Metamorphosis misc Bufadienolide misc Lipidome misc Transcriptome misc Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) Lipidomics combined with transcriptomic and mass spectrometry imaging analysis of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) during metamorphosis and bufadienolide accumulation
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topic_title	Lipidomics combined with transcriptomic and mass spectrometry imaging analysis of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) during metamorphosis and bufadienolide accumulation Metamorphosis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bufadienolide (dpeaa)DE-He213 Lipidome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Transcriptome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Metamorphosis misc Bufadienolide misc Lipidome misc Transcriptome misc Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI)
topic_unstemmed	misc Metamorphosis misc Bufadienolide misc Lipidome misc Transcriptome misc Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI)
topic_browse	misc Metamorphosis misc Bufadienolide misc Lipidome misc Transcriptome misc Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI)
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title	Lipidomics combined with transcriptomic and mass spectrometry imaging analysis of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) during metamorphosis and bufadienolide accumulation
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title_full	Lipidomics combined with transcriptomic and mass spectrometry imaging analysis of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) during metamorphosis and bufadienolide accumulation
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author_browse	Sun, Bo Jiang, Shan Li, Mingli Zhang, Yan Zhou, Yanyan Wei, Xiaolu Wang, Hongjie Si, Nan Bian, Baolin Zhao, Haiyu
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title_sort	lipidomics combined with transcriptomic and mass spectrometry imaging analysis of the asiatic toad (bufo gargarizans) during metamorphosis and bufadienolide accumulation
title_auth	Lipidomics combined with transcriptomic and mass spectrometry imaging analysis of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) during metamorphosis and bufadienolide accumulation
abstract	Background To adapt to life on land, Asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans) must remodel their bodies and refine their chemical defenses in water. The full scope of the mechanisms underlying these processes has yet to be revealed. Bufadienolides (BDs) are chemical defense substances secreted by toads when they are in danger, and they have high medicinal value in treating heart failure, cancer, and hepatitis. However, the artificial breeding of toads to increase BDs has been unsuccessful due to the high mortality of toad larvae during metamorphosis. Method Toad larvae at different growth stages were selected to study the changes in the metamorphosis process under the same growth conditions. The differences of tadpoles were explored, including body remodeling, energy metabolism, synthesis and regulation of BDs, through lipidomic technology, transcriptomic technology, and mass spectrometry imaging technology during metamorphosis. Results During metamorphosis, tadpoles underwent significant changes in lipid metabolism due to body remodeling to adapt to terrestrial life, which involved ketosis, lipogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, and fatty acid oxidation. The accumulation trend of BDs was observed. “Pentose phosphate pathway” and “Aromatase activity” may be the critical pathway and GO term in BD synthesis, involving 16 genes predominantly expressed in the liver. The involved genes were mainly expressed in the liver, consistent with the synthetic site observed by mass spectrometry imaging. Conclusion Together, our findings presented the changes in the toad larvae during metamorphosis and highlighted the accumulation process of BDs as well as the regulatory pathways and synthetic site, providing research and theoretical basis for future development of the toad resources. © The Author(s) 2022
abstractGer	Background To adapt to life on land, Asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans) must remodel their bodies and refine their chemical defenses in water. The full scope of the mechanisms underlying these processes has yet to be revealed. Bufadienolides (BDs) are chemical defense substances secreted by toads when they are in danger, and they have high medicinal value in treating heart failure, cancer, and hepatitis. However, the artificial breeding of toads to increase BDs has been unsuccessful due to the high mortality of toad larvae during metamorphosis. Method Toad larvae at different growth stages were selected to study the changes in the metamorphosis process under the same growth conditions. The differences of tadpoles were explored, including body remodeling, energy metabolism, synthesis and regulation of BDs, through lipidomic technology, transcriptomic technology, and mass spectrometry imaging technology during metamorphosis. Results During metamorphosis, tadpoles underwent significant changes in lipid metabolism due to body remodeling to adapt to terrestrial life, which involved ketosis, lipogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, and fatty acid oxidation. The accumulation trend of BDs was observed. “Pentose phosphate pathway” and “Aromatase activity” may be the critical pathway and GO term in BD synthesis, involving 16 genes predominantly expressed in the liver. The involved genes were mainly expressed in the liver, consistent with the synthetic site observed by mass spectrometry imaging. Conclusion Together, our findings presented the changes in the toad larvae during metamorphosis and highlighted the accumulation process of BDs as well as the regulatory pathways and synthetic site, providing research and theoretical basis for future development of the toad resources. © The Author(s) 2022
abstract_unstemmed	Background To adapt to life on land, Asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans) must remodel their bodies and refine their chemical defenses in water. The full scope of the mechanisms underlying these processes has yet to be revealed. Bufadienolides (BDs) are chemical defense substances secreted by toads when they are in danger, and they have high medicinal value in treating heart failure, cancer, and hepatitis. However, the artificial breeding of toads to increase BDs has been unsuccessful due to the high mortality of toad larvae during metamorphosis. Method Toad larvae at different growth stages were selected to study the changes in the metamorphosis process under the same growth conditions. The differences of tadpoles were explored, including body remodeling, energy metabolism, synthesis and regulation of BDs, through lipidomic technology, transcriptomic technology, and mass spectrometry imaging technology during metamorphosis. Results During metamorphosis, tadpoles underwent significant changes in lipid metabolism due to body remodeling to adapt to terrestrial life, which involved ketosis, lipogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, and fatty acid oxidation. The accumulation trend of BDs was observed. “Pentose phosphate pathway” and “Aromatase activity” may be the critical pathway and GO term in BD synthesis, involving 16 genes predominantly expressed in the liver. The involved genes were mainly expressed in the liver, consistent with the synthetic site observed by mass spectrometry imaging. Conclusion Together, our findings presented the changes in the toad larvae during metamorphosis and highlighted the accumulation process of BDs as well as the regulatory pathways and synthetic site, providing research and theoretical basis for future development of the toad resources. © The Author(s) 2022
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title_short	Lipidomics combined with transcriptomic and mass spectrometry imaging analysis of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) during metamorphosis and bufadienolide accumulation
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13020-022-00676-7
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author2	Jiang, Shan Li, Mingli Zhang, Yan Zhou, Yanyan Wei, Xiaolu Wang, Hongjie Si, Nan Bian, Baolin Zhao, Haiyu
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The full scope of the mechanisms underlying these processes has yet to be revealed. Bufadienolides (BDs) are chemical defense substances secreted by toads when they are in danger, and they have high medicinal value in treating heart failure, cancer, and hepatitis. However, the artificial breeding of toads to increase BDs has been unsuccessful due to the high mortality of toad larvae during metamorphosis. Method Toad larvae at different growth stages were selected to study the changes in the metamorphosis process under the same growth conditions. The differences of tadpoles were explored, including body remodeling, energy metabolism, synthesis and regulation of BDs, through lipidomic technology, transcriptomic technology, and mass spectrometry imaging technology during metamorphosis. Results During metamorphosis, tadpoles underwent significant changes in lipid metabolism due to body remodeling to adapt to terrestrial life, which involved ketosis, lipogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, and fatty acid oxidation. The accumulation trend of BDs was observed. “Pentose phosphate pathway” and “Aromatase activity” may be the critical pathway and GO term in BD synthesis, involving 16 genes predominantly expressed in the liver. The involved genes were mainly expressed in the liver, consistent with the synthetic site observed by mass spectrometry imaging. 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Lipidomics combined with transcriptomic and mass spectrometry imaging analysis of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) during metamorphosis and bufadienolide accumulation

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