Optical true time delay pool-based beamforming and limited feedback for reconfigurable intelligent surface-empowered cloud radio access networks
Abstract Introducing reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) greatly improves the wireless propagation environment. Limited to feedback overheads and computing power, the low-complexity precoding and the cost-effective beamforming implementation are urgently demanded in RIS-empowered millimeter-w...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Huang, Huan [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2021 |
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Anmerkung: |
© Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Science in China - Heidelberg : Springer, 2001, 64(2021), 10 vom: 07. Sept. |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:64 ; year:2021 ; number:10 ; day:07 ; month:09 |
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DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s11432-020-3253-7 |
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Katalog-ID: |
SPR05114803X |
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520 | |a Abstract Introducing reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) greatly improves the wireless propagation environment. Limited to feedback overheads and computing power, the low-complexity precoding and the cost-effective beamforming implementation are urgently demanded in RIS-empowered millimeter-wave cloud radio access networks (mmWave C-RANs). Herein, an optical true time delay pool-based hybrid beam-forming (OTTDP-based HBF) scheme, enabling centralized analog beamforming control, is proposed for RIS-empowered mmWave C-RANs. By using codebook quantization techniques, we develop a non-iterative limited feedback (NI-LF) precoding algorithm for the RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN using the proposed OTTDP-based HBF. In the NI-LF precoding algorithm, the complex joint optimization problem of hybrid precoding and phase-shifting of RIS is equivalently formulated as a maximum ratio transmission (MRT) problem and a sparse reconstruction problem. For an active antenna unit (AAU) equipped with eight antennas, a designed example of the proposed OTTDP is presented. Furthermore, for a RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN at 28 GHz, the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) curves obtained via different precoding schemes are compared and discussed. Compared with the precoding without RIS, the proposed NI-LF precoding by using different codebooks to quantize the phase-shifting of the RIS respectively achieves 20.56, 19.55, and 18.93 dB performance improvement for the user located near the 49-element RIS. Moreover, performance degradations due to limited feedback are analyzed. The computational complexity and overhead of the proposed NI-LF precoding algorithm are also given and discussed. | ||
650 | 4 | |a reconfigurable intelligent surface |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
650 | 4 | |a optical true time delay |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
650 | 4 | |a millimeter-wave |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
650 | 4 | |a cloud radio access network |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
650 | 4 | |a limited feedback |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
700 | 1 | |a Wang, Xiaowen |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Zhang, Chongfu |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Peng, Jie |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Yang, Muchuan |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Fu, Songnian |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Liu, Deming |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Qiu, Kun |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s11432-020-3253-7 doi (DE-627)SPR05114803X (SPR)s11432-020-3253-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Huang, Huan verfasserin aut Optical true time delay pool-based beamforming and limited feedback for reconfigurable intelligent surface-empowered cloud radio access networks 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Introducing reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) greatly improves the wireless propagation environment. Limited to feedback overheads and computing power, the low-complexity precoding and the cost-effective beamforming implementation are urgently demanded in RIS-empowered millimeter-wave cloud radio access networks (mmWave C-RANs). Herein, an optical true time delay pool-based hybrid beam-forming (OTTDP-based HBF) scheme, enabling centralized analog beamforming control, is proposed for RIS-empowered mmWave C-RANs. By using codebook quantization techniques, we develop a non-iterative limited feedback (NI-LF) precoding algorithm for the RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN using the proposed OTTDP-based HBF. In the NI-LF precoding algorithm, the complex joint optimization problem of hybrid precoding and phase-shifting of RIS is equivalently formulated as a maximum ratio transmission (MRT) problem and a sparse reconstruction problem. For an active antenna unit (AAU) equipped with eight antennas, a designed example of the proposed OTTDP is presented. Furthermore, for a RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN at 28 GHz, the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) curves obtained via different precoding schemes are compared and discussed. Compared with the precoding without RIS, the proposed NI-LF precoding by using different codebooks to quantize the phase-shifting of the RIS respectively achieves 20.56, 19.55, and 18.93 dB performance improvement for the user located near the 49-element RIS. Moreover, performance degradations due to limited feedback are analyzed. The computational complexity and overhead of the proposed NI-LF precoding algorithm are also given and discussed. reconfigurable intelligent surface (dpeaa)DE-He213 optical true time delay (dpeaa)DE-He213 millimeter-wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 cloud radio access network (dpeaa)DE-He213 limited feedback (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wang, Xiaowen aut Zhang, Chongfu aut Peng, Jie aut Yang, Muchuan aut Fu, Songnian aut Liu, Deming aut Qiu, Kun aut Enthalten in Science in China Heidelberg : Springer, 2001 64(2021), 10 vom: 07. Sept. (DE-627)385614764 (DE-600)2142898-0 1862-2836 nnns volume:64 year:2021 number:10 day:07 month:09 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11432-020-3253-7 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 64 2021 10 07 09 |
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10.1007/s11432-020-3253-7 doi (DE-627)SPR05114803X (SPR)s11432-020-3253-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Huang, Huan verfasserin aut Optical true time delay pool-based beamforming and limited feedback for reconfigurable intelligent surface-empowered cloud radio access networks 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Introducing reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) greatly improves the wireless propagation environment. Limited to feedback overheads and computing power, the low-complexity precoding and the cost-effective beamforming implementation are urgently demanded in RIS-empowered millimeter-wave cloud radio access networks (mmWave C-RANs). Herein, an optical true time delay pool-based hybrid beam-forming (OTTDP-based HBF) scheme, enabling centralized analog beamforming control, is proposed for RIS-empowered mmWave C-RANs. By using codebook quantization techniques, we develop a non-iterative limited feedback (NI-LF) precoding algorithm for the RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN using the proposed OTTDP-based HBF. In the NI-LF precoding algorithm, the complex joint optimization problem of hybrid precoding and phase-shifting of RIS is equivalently formulated as a maximum ratio transmission (MRT) problem and a sparse reconstruction problem. For an active antenna unit (AAU) equipped with eight antennas, a designed example of the proposed OTTDP is presented. Furthermore, for a RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN at 28 GHz, the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) curves obtained via different precoding schemes are compared and discussed. Compared with the precoding without RIS, the proposed NI-LF precoding by using different codebooks to quantize the phase-shifting of the RIS respectively achieves 20.56, 19.55, and 18.93 dB performance improvement for the user located near the 49-element RIS. Moreover, performance degradations due to limited feedback are analyzed. The computational complexity and overhead of the proposed NI-LF precoding algorithm are also given and discussed. reconfigurable intelligent surface (dpeaa)DE-He213 optical true time delay (dpeaa)DE-He213 millimeter-wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 cloud radio access network (dpeaa)DE-He213 limited feedback (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wang, Xiaowen aut Zhang, Chongfu aut Peng, Jie aut Yang, Muchuan aut Fu, Songnian aut Liu, Deming aut Qiu, Kun aut Enthalten in Science in China Heidelberg : Springer, 2001 64(2021), 10 vom: 07. Sept. (DE-627)385614764 (DE-600)2142898-0 1862-2836 nnns volume:64 year:2021 number:10 day:07 month:09 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11432-020-3253-7 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 64 2021 10 07 09 |
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10.1007/s11432-020-3253-7 doi (DE-627)SPR05114803X (SPR)s11432-020-3253-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Huang, Huan verfasserin aut Optical true time delay pool-based beamforming and limited feedback for reconfigurable intelligent surface-empowered cloud radio access networks 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Introducing reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) greatly improves the wireless propagation environment. Limited to feedback overheads and computing power, the low-complexity precoding and the cost-effective beamforming implementation are urgently demanded in RIS-empowered millimeter-wave cloud radio access networks (mmWave C-RANs). Herein, an optical true time delay pool-based hybrid beam-forming (OTTDP-based HBF) scheme, enabling centralized analog beamforming control, is proposed for RIS-empowered mmWave C-RANs. By using codebook quantization techniques, we develop a non-iterative limited feedback (NI-LF) precoding algorithm for the RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN using the proposed OTTDP-based HBF. In the NI-LF precoding algorithm, the complex joint optimization problem of hybrid precoding and phase-shifting of RIS is equivalently formulated as a maximum ratio transmission (MRT) problem and a sparse reconstruction problem. For an active antenna unit (AAU) equipped with eight antennas, a designed example of the proposed OTTDP is presented. Furthermore, for a RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN at 28 GHz, the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) curves obtained via different precoding schemes are compared and discussed. Compared with the precoding without RIS, the proposed NI-LF precoding by using different codebooks to quantize the phase-shifting of the RIS respectively achieves 20.56, 19.55, and 18.93 dB performance improvement for the user located near the 49-element RIS. Moreover, performance degradations due to limited feedback are analyzed. The computational complexity and overhead of the proposed NI-LF precoding algorithm are also given and discussed. reconfigurable intelligent surface (dpeaa)DE-He213 optical true time delay (dpeaa)DE-He213 millimeter-wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 cloud radio access network (dpeaa)DE-He213 limited feedback (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wang, Xiaowen aut Zhang, Chongfu aut Peng, Jie aut Yang, Muchuan aut Fu, Songnian aut Liu, Deming aut Qiu, Kun aut Enthalten in Science in China Heidelberg : Springer, 2001 64(2021), 10 vom: 07. Sept. (DE-627)385614764 (DE-600)2142898-0 1862-2836 nnns volume:64 year:2021 number:10 day:07 month:09 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11432-020-3253-7 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 64 2021 10 07 09 |
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10.1007/s11432-020-3253-7 doi (DE-627)SPR05114803X (SPR)s11432-020-3253-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Huang, Huan verfasserin aut Optical true time delay pool-based beamforming and limited feedback for reconfigurable intelligent surface-empowered cloud radio access networks 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Introducing reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) greatly improves the wireless propagation environment. Limited to feedback overheads and computing power, the low-complexity precoding and the cost-effective beamforming implementation are urgently demanded in RIS-empowered millimeter-wave cloud radio access networks (mmWave C-RANs). Herein, an optical true time delay pool-based hybrid beam-forming (OTTDP-based HBF) scheme, enabling centralized analog beamforming control, is proposed for RIS-empowered mmWave C-RANs. By using codebook quantization techniques, we develop a non-iterative limited feedback (NI-LF) precoding algorithm for the RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN using the proposed OTTDP-based HBF. In the NI-LF precoding algorithm, the complex joint optimization problem of hybrid precoding and phase-shifting of RIS is equivalently formulated as a maximum ratio transmission (MRT) problem and a sparse reconstruction problem. For an active antenna unit (AAU) equipped with eight antennas, a designed example of the proposed OTTDP is presented. Furthermore, for a RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN at 28 GHz, the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) curves obtained via different precoding schemes are compared and discussed. Compared with the precoding without RIS, the proposed NI-LF precoding by using different codebooks to quantize the phase-shifting of the RIS respectively achieves 20.56, 19.55, and 18.93 dB performance improvement for the user located near the 49-element RIS. Moreover, performance degradations due to limited feedback are analyzed. The computational complexity and overhead of the proposed NI-LF precoding algorithm are also given and discussed. reconfigurable intelligent surface (dpeaa)DE-He213 optical true time delay (dpeaa)DE-He213 millimeter-wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 cloud radio access network (dpeaa)DE-He213 limited feedback (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wang, Xiaowen aut Zhang, Chongfu aut Peng, Jie aut Yang, Muchuan aut Fu, Songnian aut Liu, Deming aut Qiu, Kun aut Enthalten in Science in China Heidelberg : Springer, 2001 64(2021), 10 vom: 07. Sept. (DE-627)385614764 (DE-600)2142898-0 1862-2836 nnns volume:64 year:2021 number:10 day:07 month:09 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11432-020-3253-7 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 64 2021 10 07 09 |
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10.1007/s11432-020-3253-7 doi (DE-627)SPR05114803X (SPR)s11432-020-3253-7-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Huang, Huan verfasserin aut Optical true time delay pool-based beamforming and limited feedback for reconfigurable intelligent surface-empowered cloud radio access networks 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Introducing reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) greatly improves the wireless propagation environment. Limited to feedback overheads and computing power, the low-complexity precoding and the cost-effective beamforming implementation are urgently demanded in RIS-empowered millimeter-wave cloud radio access networks (mmWave C-RANs). Herein, an optical true time delay pool-based hybrid beam-forming (OTTDP-based HBF) scheme, enabling centralized analog beamforming control, is proposed for RIS-empowered mmWave C-RANs. By using codebook quantization techniques, we develop a non-iterative limited feedback (NI-LF) precoding algorithm for the RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN using the proposed OTTDP-based HBF. In the NI-LF precoding algorithm, the complex joint optimization problem of hybrid precoding and phase-shifting of RIS is equivalently formulated as a maximum ratio transmission (MRT) problem and a sparse reconstruction problem. For an active antenna unit (AAU) equipped with eight antennas, a designed example of the proposed OTTDP is presented. Furthermore, for a RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN at 28 GHz, the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) curves obtained via different precoding schemes are compared and discussed. Compared with the precoding without RIS, the proposed NI-LF precoding by using different codebooks to quantize the phase-shifting of the RIS respectively achieves 20.56, 19.55, and 18.93 dB performance improvement for the user located near the 49-element RIS. Moreover, performance degradations due to limited feedback are analyzed. The computational complexity and overhead of the proposed NI-LF precoding algorithm are also given and discussed. reconfigurable intelligent surface (dpeaa)DE-He213 optical true time delay (dpeaa)DE-He213 millimeter-wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 cloud radio access network (dpeaa)DE-He213 limited feedback (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wang, Xiaowen aut Zhang, Chongfu aut Peng, Jie aut Yang, Muchuan aut Fu, Songnian aut Liu, Deming aut Qiu, Kun aut Enthalten in Science in China Heidelberg : Springer, 2001 64(2021), 10 vom: 07. Sept. (DE-627)385614764 (DE-600)2142898-0 1862-2836 nnns volume:64 year:2021 number:10 day:07 month:09 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11432-020-3253-7 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 64 2021 10 07 09 |
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optical true time delay pool-based beamforming and limited feedback for reconfigurable intelligent surface-empowered cloud radio access networks |
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Optical true time delay pool-based beamforming and limited feedback for reconfigurable intelligent surface-empowered cloud radio access networks |
abstract |
Abstract Introducing reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) greatly improves the wireless propagation environment. Limited to feedback overheads and computing power, the low-complexity precoding and the cost-effective beamforming implementation are urgently demanded in RIS-empowered millimeter-wave cloud radio access networks (mmWave C-RANs). Herein, an optical true time delay pool-based hybrid beam-forming (OTTDP-based HBF) scheme, enabling centralized analog beamforming control, is proposed for RIS-empowered mmWave C-RANs. By using codebook quantization techniques, we develop a non-iterative limited feedback (NI-LF) precoding algorithm for the RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN using the proposed OTTDP-based HBF. In the NI-LF precoding algorithm, the complex joint optimization problem of hybrid precoding and phase-shifting of RIS is equivalently formulated as a maximum ratio transmission (MRT) problem and a sparse reconstruction problem. For an active antenna unit (AAU) equipped with eight antennas, a designed example of the proposed OTTDP is presented. Furthermore, for a RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN at 28 GHz, the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) curves obtained via different precoding schemes are compared and discussed. Compared with the precoding without RIS, the proposed NI-LF precoding by using different codebooks to quantize the phase-shifting of the RIS respectively achieves 20.56, 19.55, and 18.93 dB performance improvement for the user located near the 49-element RIS. Moreover, performance degradations due to limited feedback are analyzed. The computational complexity and overhead of the proposed NI-LF precoding algorithm are also given and discussed. © Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 |
abstractGer |
Abstract Introducing reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) greatly improves the wireless propagation environment. Limited to feedback overheads and computing power, the low-complexity precoding and the cost-effective beamforming implementation are urgently demanded in RIS-empowered millimeter-wave cloud radio access networks (mmWave C-RANs). Herein, an optical true time delay pool-based hybrid beam-forming (OTTDP-based HBF) scheme, enabling centralized analog beamforming control, is proposed for RIS-empowered mmWave C-RANs. By using codebook quantization techniques, we develop a non-iterative limited feedback (NI-LF) precoding algorithm for the RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN using the proposed OTTDP-based HBF. In the NI-LF precoding algorithm, the complex joint optimization problem of hybrid precoding and phase-shifting of RIS is equivalently formulated as a maximum ratio transmission (MRT) problem and a sparse reconstruction problem. For an active antenna unit (AAU) equipped with eight antennas, a designed example of the proposed OTTDP is presented. Furthermore, for a RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN at 28 GHz, the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) curves obtained via different precoding schemes are compared and discussed. Compared with the precoding without RIS, the proposed NI-LF precoding by using different codebooks to quantize the phase-shifting of the RIS respectively achieves 20.56, 19.55, and 18.93 dB performance improvement for the user located near the 49-element RIS. Moreover, performance degradations due to limited feedback are analyzed. The computational complexity and overhead of the proposed NI-LF precoding algorithm are also given and discussed. © Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 |
abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract Introducing reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) greatly improves the wireless propagation environment. Limited to feedback overheads and computing power, the low-complexity precoding and the cost-effective beamforming implementation are urgently demanded in RIS-empowered millimeter-wave cloud radio access networks (mmWave C-RANs). Herein, an optical true time delay pool-based hybrid beam-forming (OTTDP-based HBF) scheme, enabling centralized analog beamforming control, is proposed for RIS-empowered mmWave C-RANs. By using codebook quantization techniques, we develop a non-iterative limited feedback (NI-LF) precoding algorithm for the RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN using the proposed OTTDP-based HBF. In the NI-LF precoding algorithm, the complex joint optimization problem of hybrid precoding and phase-shifting of RIS is equivalently formulated as a maximum ratio transmission (MRT) problem and a sparse reconstruction problem. For an active antenna unit (AAU) equipped with eight antennas, a designed example of the proposed OTTDP is presented. Furthermore, for a RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN at 28 GHz, the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) curves obtained via different precoding schemes are compared and discussed. Compared with the precoding without RIS, the proposed NI-LF precoding by using different codebooks to quantize the phase-shifting of the RIS respectively achieves 20.56, 19.55, and 18.93 dB performance improvement for the user located near the 49-element RIS. Moreover, performance degradations due to limited feedback are analyzed. The computational complexity and overhead of the proposed NI-LF precoding algorithm are also given and discussed. © Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 |
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Furthermore, for a RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN at 28 GHz, the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) curves obtained via different precoding schemes are compared and discussed. Compared with the precoding without RIS, the proposed NI-LF precoding by using different codebooks to quantize the phase-shifting of the RIS respectively achieves 20.56, 19.55, and 18.93 dB performance improvement for the user located near the 49-element RIS. Moreover, performance degradations due to limited feedback are analyzed. 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