Cancer ego-system in glioma: an iron-replenishing niche network systemically self-organized by cancer stem cells

Abstract For all living organisms, the adaptation to outside environments is an essential determinant to survive natural and artificial selections and to sustain the whole ecosystem intact with functional biodiversity. Likewise, cancer cells have similar characteristics that evade not only stresses...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Abstract For all living organisms, the adaptation to outside environments is an essential determinant to survive natural and artificial selections and to sustain the whole ecosystem intact with functional biodiversity. Likewise, cancer cells have similar characteristics that evade not only stresses from the host-internal innate and adaptive immune systems but also those from host-externally administered therapeutic interventions. Such selfish characteristics of cancer cells lead to the formation of cancerous ecosystem with a wide variety of phenotypic heterogeneity, which should be called cancer “egosystem” from the host point of view. Recently increasing evidence demonstrates that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for this cancer egosystem by effectively exploiting host inflammatory and hematopoietic cells and thereby reconstructing their own advantageous niches, which may well be a driving force in cancer recurrence. CSCs are further likely to render multiple niches mutually interconnected and cooperating as a network to support back CSCs themselves. Here, we summarize a recently identified iron-replenishing niche network self-organized by glioma CSCs (GSCs) through remote regulation of host myeloid and erythroid lineage cells. GSCs recruit bone marrow (BM)-derived inflammatory monocytes into tumor parenchyma, facilitate their differentiation into macrophages (Mφs) and skew their polarization into pro-tumoral phenotype, i.e., tumor-associated Mφs (TAMs). Meanwhile, GSCs distantly enhance erythropoiesis in host hematopoietic organs like BM and spleen potentially by secreting some soluble mediators that maintain continuous supply of erythrocytes within tumors. In addition, as normal red pulp Mφs (RPMs) under steady state conditions in spleen recycle iron by phagocytosing the aged or damaged erythrocytes (a/dECs) and release it in time of need, TAMs at least in gliomas phagocytose the hemorrhaged erythrocytes within tumors and potentially serve as a source of iron, an important nutrient indispensable to GSC survival and glioma progression. Taken together, these studies provide the substantial evidence that CSCs have a unique strategy to orchestrate multiple niches as an ecosystem that threatens the host living, which in this sense must be an egosystem. Targeting such an adaptive subpopulation of CSCs could achieve drastic disturbance of the CSC niches and subsequent extinction of malignant neoplasms. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Autor*in:	Tabu, Kouichi [verfasserIn] Taga, Tetsuya

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	Cancer ecosystem Cancer stem cell Niche Glioma Tumor-associated macrophage Erythropoiesis Erythrophagocytosis Iron

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s) 2022

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Inflammation and regeneration - London : BioMed Central, part of Springer Nature, 2000, 42(2022), 1 vom: 30. Nov.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:42 ; year:2022 ; number:1 ; day:30 ; month:11

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s41232-022-00240-8

Katalog-ID:	SPR051192950