Interferon and interferon-induced cytokines as markers of impending clinical progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease diagnosis

Background Elevated levels of interferons (IFNs) are a characteristic feature of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) and may be useful in predicting impending symptomatic progression in anti-nuclear antibody-positive ($ ANA^{+} $) individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis. Typically, these are...
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Autor*in:	Kim, Sonya T. [verfasserIn] Muñoz-Grajales, Carolina Dunn, Shannon E. Schneider, Raphael Johnson, Sindhu R. Touma, Zahi Ahmad, Zareen Bonilla, Dennisse Atenafu, Eshetu G. Hiraki, Linda T. Bookman, Arthur Wither, Joan

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases Pre-clinical Interferon Cytokines

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s) 2023

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Arthritis Research & Therapy - London : BioMed Central, 1999, 25(2023), 1 vom: 10. Feb.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:25 ; year:2023 ; number:1 ; day:10 ; month:02

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s13075-023-02997-w

Katalog-ID:	SPR051439441

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520			\|a Background Elevated levels of interferons (IFNs) are a characteristic feature of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) and may be useful in predicting impending symptomatic progression in anti-nuclear antibody-positive ($ ANA^{+} $) individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis. Typically, these are measured by their effect on gene expression in the blood, which has limited their utility in clinical settings. Here, we assessed whether the measurement of serum IFN-α or selected IFN-induced cytokines accurately mirrors IFN-induced gene expression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals and investigated their utility as biomarkers of clinical progression. Methods A total of 280 subjects were studied, including 50 $ ANA^{−} $ healthy controls, 160 $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a SARD diagnosis (96 asymptomatic, 64 with undifferentiated connective tissue disease), and 70 SARD patients. IFN-induced gene expression was measured by nanoString and cytokine levels by ELISA or Simoa. $ ANA^{+} $ individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis who had the new onset of SARD criteria over the subsequent 2 years were defined as progressors. Results Measurement of IFN-α levels by high-sensitivity ELISA or Simoa correlated much better with IFN-induced gene expression than measurement of CXCL-10 or Galectin-9 levels. Despite this, high CXCL-10 and Galectin-9 levels were better predictors of subsequent progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals than measures of IFN-α or IFN-induced gene expression with the optimal combination of predictive cytokines (CXCL-10 and IFN-α as measured by ELISA), resulting in a specificity and positive predictive value of 100%. Conclusion Easily performed ELISA assays for CXCL-10 and IFN-α can be used to predict $ ANA^{+} $ individuals at high risk of imminent symptomatic progression.
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700	1		\|a Schneider, Raphael \|4 aut
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700	1		\|a Hiraki, Linda T. \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Bookman, Arthur \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Wither, Joan \|4 aut
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allfields	10.1186/s13075-023-02997-w doi (DE-627)SPR051439441 (SPR)s13075-023-02997-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kim, Sonya T. verfasserin aut Interferon and interferon-induced cytokines as markers of impending clinical progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease diagnosis 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Background Elevated levels of interferons (IFNs) are a characteristic feature of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) and may be useful in predicting impending symptomatic progression in anti-nuclear antibody-positive ($ ANA^{+} $) individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis. Typically, these are measured by their effect on gene expression in the blood, which has limited their utility in clinical settings. Here, we assessed whether the measurement of serum IFN-α or selected IFN-induced cytokines accurately mirrors IFN-induced gene expression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals and investigated their utility as biomarkers of clinical progression. Methods A total of 280 subjects were studied, including 50 $ ANA^{−} $ healthy controls, 160 $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a SARD diagnosis (96 asymptomatic, 64 with undifferentiated connective tissue disease), and 70 SARD patients. IFN-induced gene expression was measured by nanoString and cytokine levels by ELISA or Simoa. $ ANA^{+} $ individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis who had the new onset of SARD criteria over the subsequent 2 years were defined as progressors. Results Measurement of IFN-α levels by high-sensitivity ELISA or Simoa correlated much better with IFN-induced gene expression than measurement of CXCL-10 or Galectin-9 levels. Despite this, high CXCL-10 and Galectin-9 levels were better predictors of subsequent progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals than measures of IFN-α or IFN-induced gene expression with the optimal combination of predictive cytokines (CXCL-10 and IFN-α as measured by ELISA), resulting in a specificity and positive predictive value of 100%. Conclusion Easily performed ELISA assays for CXCL-10 and IFN-α can be used to predict $ ANA^{+} $ individuals at high risk of imminent symptomatic progression. Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pre-clinical (dpeaa)DE-He213 Interferon (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cytokines (dpeaa)DE-He213 Muñoz-Grajales, Carolina aut Dunn, Shannon E. aut Schneider, Raphael aut Johnson, Sindhu R. aut Touma, Zahi aut Ahmad, Zareen aut Bonilla, Dennisse aut Atenafu, Eshetu G. aut Hiraki, Linda T. aut Bookman, Arthur aut Wither, Joan aut Enthalten in Arthritis Research & Therapy London : BioMed Central, 1999 25(2023), 1 vom: 10. Feb. (DE-627)326646418 (DE-600)2041668-4 1478-6354 nnns volume:25 year:2023 number:1 day:10 month:02 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-023-02997-w kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 25 2023 1 10 02
spelling	10.1186/s13075-023-02997-w doi (DE-627)SPR051439441 (SPR)s13075-023-02997-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kim, Sonya T. verfasserin aut Interferon and interferon-induced cytokines as markers of impending clinical progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease diagnosis 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Background Elevated levels of interferons (IFNs) are a characteristic feature of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) and may be useful in predicting impending symptomatic progression in anti-nuclear antibody-positive ($ ANA^{+} $) individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis. Typically, these are measured by their effect on gene expression in the blood, which has limited their utility in clinical settings. Here, we assessed whether the measurement of serum IFN-α or selected IFN-induced cytokines accurately mirrors IFN-induced gene expression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals and investigated their utility as biomarkers of clinical progression. Methods A total of 280 subjects were studied, including 50 $ ANA^{−} $ healthy controls, 160 $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a SARD diagnosis (96 asymptomatic, 64 with undifferentiated connective tissue disease), and 70 SARD patients. IFN-induced gene expression was measured by nanoString and cytokine levels by ELISA or Simoa. $ ANA^{+} $ individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis who had the new onset of SARD criteria over the subsequent 2 years were defined as progressors. Results Measurement of IFN-α levels by high-sensitivity ELISA or Simoa correlated much better with IFN-induced gene expression than measurement of CXCL-10 or Galectin-9 levels. Despite this, high CXCL-10 and Galectin-9 levels were better predictors of subsequent progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals than measures of IFN-α or IFN-induced gene expression with the optimal combination of predictive cytokines (CXCL-10 and IFN-α as measured by ELISA), resulting in a specificity and positive predictive value of 100%. Conclusion Easily performed ELISA assays for CXCL-10 and IFN-α can be used to predict $ ANA^{+} $ individuals at high risk of imminent symptomatic progression. Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pre-clinical (dpeaa)DE-He213 Interferon (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cytokines (dpeaa)DE-He213 Muñoz-Grajales, Carolina aut Dunn, Shannon E. aut Schneider, Raphael aut Johnson, Sindhu R. aut Touma, Zahi aut Ahmad, Zareen aut Bonilla, Dennisse aut Atenafu, Eshetu G. aut Hiraki, Linda T. aut Bookman, Arthur aut Wither, Joan aut Enthalten in Arthritis Research & Therapy London : BioMed Central, 1999 25(2023), 1 vom: 10. Feb. (DE-627)326646418 (DE-600)2041668-4 1478-6354 nnns volume:25 year:2023 number:1 day:10 month:02 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-023-02997-w kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 25 2023 1 10 02
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s13075-023-02997-w doi (DE-627)SPR051439441 (SPR)s13075-023-02997-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kim, Sonya T. verfasserin aut Interferon and interferon-induced cytokines as markers of impending clinical progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease diagnosis 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Background Elevated levels of interferons (IFNs) are a characteristic feature of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) and may be useful in predicting impending symptomatic progression in anti-nuclear antibody-positive ($ ANA^{+} $) individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis. Typically, these are measured by their effect on gene expression in the blood, which has limited their utility in clinical settings. Here, we assessed whether the measurement of serum IFN-α or selected IFN-induced cytokines accurately mirrors IFN-induced gene expression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals and investigated their utility as biomarkers of clinical progression. Methods A total of 280 subjects were studied, including 50 $ ANA^{−} $ healthy controls, 160 $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a SARD diagnosis (96 asymptomatic, 64 with undifferentiated connective tissue disease), and 70 SARD patients. IFN-induced gene expression was measured by nanoString and cytokine levels by ELISA or Simoa. $ ANA^{+} $ individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis who had the new onset of SARD criteria over the subsequent 2 years were defined as progressors. Results Measurement of IFN-α levels by high-sensitivity ELISA or Simoa correlated much better with IFN-induced gene expression than measurement of CXCL-10 or Galectin-9 levels. Despite this, high CXCL-10 and Galectin-9 levels were better predictors of subsequent progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals than measures of IFN-α or IFN-induced gene expression with the optimal combination of predictive cytokines (CXCL-10 and IFN-α as measured by ELISA), resulting in a specificity and positive predictive value of 100%. Conclusion Easily performed ELISA assays for CXCL-10 and IFN-α can be used to predict $ ANA^{+} $ individuals at high risk of imminent symptomatic progression. Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pre-clinical (dpeaa)DE-He213 Interferon (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cytokines (dpeaa)DE-He213 Muñoz-Grajales, Carolina aut Dunn, Shannon E. aut Schneider, Raphael aut Johnson, Sindhu R. aut Touma, Zahi aut Ahmad, Zareen aut Bonilla, Dennisse aut Atenafu, Eshetu G. aut Hiraki, Linda T. aut Bookman, Arthur aut Wither, Joan aut Enthalten in Arthritis Research & Therapy London : BioMed Central, 1999 25(2023), 1 vom: 10. Feb. (DE-627)326646418 (DE-600)2041668-4 1478-6354 nnns volume:25 year:2023 number:1 day:10 month:02 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-023-02997-w kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 25 2023 1 10 02
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s13075-023-02997-w doi (DE-627)SPR051439441 (SPR)s13075-023-02997-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kim, Sonya T. verfasserin aut Interferon and interferon-induced cytokines as markers of impending clinical progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease diagnosis 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Background Elevated levels of interferons (IFNs) are a characteristic feature of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) and may be useful in predicting impending symptomatic progression in anti-nuclear antibody-positive ($ ANA^{+} $) individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis. Typically, these are measured by their effect on gene expression in the blood, which has limited their utility in clinical settings. Here, we assessed whether the measurement of serum IFN-α or selected IFN-induced cytokines accurately mirrors IFN-induced gene expression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals and investigated their utility as biomarkers of clinical progression. Methods A total of 280 subjects were studied, including 50 $ ANA^{−} $ healthy controls, 160 $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a SARD diagnosis (96 asymptomatic, 64 with undifferentiated connective tissue disease), and 70 SARD patients. IFN-induced gene expression was measured by nanoString and cytokine levels by ELISA or Simoa. $ ANA^{+} $ individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis who had the new onset of SARD criteria over the subsequent 2 years were defined as progressors. Results Measurement of IFN-α levels by high-sensitivity ELISA or Simoa correlated much better with IFN-induced gene expression than measurement of CXCL-10 or Galectin-9 levels. Despite this, high CXCL-10 and Galectin-9 levels were better predictors of subsequent progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals than measures of IFN-α or IFN-induced gene expression with the optimal combination of predictive cytokines (CXCL-10 and IFN-α as measured by ELISA), resulting in a specificity and positive predictive value of 100%. Conclusion Easily performed ELISA assays for CXCL-10 and IFN-α can be used to predict $ ANA^{+} $ individuals at high risk of imminent symptomatic progression. Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pre-clinical (dpeaa)DE-He213 Interferon (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cytokines (dpeaa)DE-He213 Muñoz-Grajales, Carolina aut Dunn, Shannon E. aut Schneider, Raphael aut Johnson, Sindhu R. aut Touma, Zahi aut Ahmad, Zareen aut Bonilla, Dennisse aut Atenafu, Eshetu G. aut Hiraki, Linda T. aut Bookman, Arthur aut Wither, Joan aut Enthalten in Arthritis Research & Therapy London : BioMed Central, 1999 25(2023), 1 vom: 10. Feb. (DE-627)326646418 (DE-600)2041668-4 1478-6354 nnns volume:25 year:2023 number:1 day:10 month:02 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-023-02997-w kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 25 2023 1 10 02
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s13075-023-02997-w doi (DE-627)SPR051439441 (SPR)s13075-023-02997-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kim, Sonya T. verfasserin aut Interferon and interferon-induced cytokines as markers of impending clinical progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease diagnosis 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Background Elevated levels of interferons (IFNs) are a characteristic feature of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) and may be useful in predicting impending symptomatic progression in anti-nuclear antibody-positive ($ ANA^{+} $) individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis. Typically, these are measured by their effect on gene expression in the blood, which has limited their utility in clinical settings. Here, we assessed whether the measurement of serum IFN-α or selected IFN-induced cytokines accurately mirrors IFN-induced gene expression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals and investigated their utility as biomarkers of clinical progression. Methods A total of 280 subjects were studied, including 50 $ ANA^{−} $ healthy controls, 160 $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a SARD diagnosis (96 asymptomatic, 64 with undifferentiated connective tissue disease), and 70 SARD patients. IFN-induced gene expression was measured by nanoString and cytokine levels by ELISA or Simoa. $ ANA^{+} $ individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis who had the new onset of SARD criteria over the subsequent 2 years were defined as progressors. Results Measurement of IFN-α levels by high-sensitivity ELISA or Simoa correlated much better with IFN-induced gene expression than measurement of CXCL-10 or Galectin-9 levels. Despite this, high CXCL-10 and Galectin-9 levels were better predictors of subsequent progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals than measures of IFN-α or IFN-induced gene expression with the optimal combination of predictive cytokines (CXCL-10 and IFN-α as measured by ELISA), resulting in a specificity and positive predictive value of 100%. Conclusion Easily performed ELISA assays for CXCL-10 and IFN-α can be used to predict $ ANA^{+} $ individuals at high risk of imminent symptomatic progression. Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pre-clinical (dpeaa)DE-He213 Interferon (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cytokines (dpeaa)DE-He213 Muñoz-Grajales, Carolina aut Dunn, Shannon E. aut Schneider, Raphael aut Johnson, Sindhu R. aut Touma, Zahi aut Ahmad, Zareen aut Bonilla, Dennisse aut Atenafu, Eshetu G. aut Hiraki, Linda T. aut Bookman, Arthur aut Wither, Joan aut Enthalten in Arthritis Research & Therapy London : BioMed Central, 1999 25(2023), 1 vom: 10. Feb. (DE-627)326646418 (DE-600)2041668-4 1478-6354 nnns volume:25 year:2023 number:1 day:10 month:02 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-023-02997-w kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 25 2023 1 10 02
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Typically, these are measured by their effect on gene expression in the blood, which has limited their utility in clinical settings. Here, we assessed whether the measurement of serum IFN-α or selected IFN-induced cytokines accurately mirrors IFN-induced gene expression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals and investigated their utility as biomarkers of clinical progression. Methods A total of 280 subjects were studied, including 50 $ ANA^{−} $ healthy controls, 160 $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a SARD diagnosis (96 asymptomatic, 64 with undifferentiated connective tissue disease), and 70 SARD patients. IFN-induced gene expression was measured by nanoString and cytokine levels by ELISA or Simoa. $ ANA^{+} $ individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis who had the new onset of SARD criteria over the subsequent 2 years were defined as progressors. Results Measurement of IFN-α levels by high-sensitivity ELISA or Simoa correlated much better with IFN-induced gene expression than measurement of CXCL-10 or Galectin-9 levels. Despite this, high CXCL-10 and Galectin-9 levels were better predictors of subsequent progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals than measures of IFN-α or IFN-induced gene expression with the optimal combination of predictive cytokines (CXCL-10 and IFN-α as measured by ELISA), resulting in a specificity and positive predictive value of 100%. 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author	Kim, Sonya T.
spellingShingle	Kim, Sonya T. misc Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases misc Pre-clinical misc Interferon misc Cytokines Interferon and interferon-induced cytokines as markers of impending clinical progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease diagnosis
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topic_title	Interferon and interferon-induced cytokines as markers of impending clinical progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease diagnosis Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pre-clinical (dpeaa)DE-He213 Interferon (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cytokines (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases misc Pre-clinical misc Interferon misc Cytokines
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title	Interferon and interferon-induced cytokines as markers of impending clinical progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease diagnosis
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title_full	Interferon and interferon-induced cytokines as markers of impending clinical progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease diagnosis
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author_browse	Kim, Sonya T. Muñoz-Grajales, Carolina Dunn, Shannon E. Schneider, Raphael Johnson, Sindhu R. Touma, Zahi Ahmad, Zareen Bonilla, Dennisse Atenafu, Eshetu G. Hiraki, Linda T. Bookman, Arthur Wither, Joan
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title_sort	interferon and interferon-induced cytokines as markers of impending clinical progression in $ ana^{+} $ individuals without a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease diagnosis
title_auth	Interferon and interferon-induced cytokines as markers of impending clinical progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease diagnosis
abstract	Background Elevated levels of interferons (IFNs) are a characteristic feature of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) and may be useful in predicting impending symptomatic progression in anti-nuclear antibody-positive ($ ANA^{+} $) individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis. Typically, these are measured by their effect on gene expression in the blood, which has limited their utility in clinical settings. Here, we assessed whether the measurement of serum IFN-α or selected IFN-induced cytokines accurately mirrors IFN-induced gene expression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals and investigated their utility as biomarkers of clinical progression. Methods A total of 280 subjects were studied, including 50 $ ANA^{−} $ healthy controls, 160 $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a SARD diagnosis (96 asymptomatic, 64 with undifferentiated connective tissue disease), and 70 SARD patients. IFN-induced gene expression was measured by nanoString and cytokine levels by ELISA or Simoa. $ ANA^{+} $ individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis who had the new onset of SARD criteria over the subsequent 2 years were defined as progressors. Results Measurement of IFN-α levels by high-sensitivity ELISA or Simoa correlated much better with IFN-induced gene expression than measurement of CXCL-10 or Galectin-9 levels. Despite this, high CXCL-10 and Galectin-9 levels were better predictors of subsequent progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals than measures of IFN-α or IFN-induced gene expression with the optimal combination of predictive cytokines (CXCL-10 and IFN-α as measured by ELISA), resulting in a specificity and positive predictive value of 100%. Conclusion Easily performed ELISA assays for CXCL-10 and IFN-α can be used to predict $ ANA^{+} $ individuals at high risk of imminent symptomatic progression. © The Author(s) 2023
abstractGer	Background Elevated levels of interferons (IFNs) are a characteristic feature of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) and may be useful in predicting impending symptomatic progression in anti-nuclear antibody-positive ($ ANA^{+} $) individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis. Typically, these are measured by their effect on gene expression in the blood, which has limited their utility in clinical settings. Here, we assessed whether the measurement of serum IFN-α or selected IFN-induced cytokines accurately mirrors IFN-induced gene expression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals and investigated their utility as biomarkers of clinical progression. Methods A total of 280 subjects were studied, including 50 $ ANA^{−} $ healthy controls, 160 $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a SARD diagnosis (96 asymptomatic, 64 with undifferentiated connective tissue disease), and 70 SARD patients. IFN-induced gene expression was measured by nanoString and cytokine levels by ELISA or Simoa. $ ANA^{+} $ individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis who had the new onset of SARD criteria over the subsequent 2 years were defined as progressors. Results Measurement of IFN-α levels by high-sensitivity ELISA or Simoa correlated much better with IFN-induced gene expression than measurement of CXCL-10 or Galectin-9 levels. Despite this, high CXCL-10 and Galectin-9 levels were better predictors of subsequent progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals than measures of IFN-α or IFN-induced gene expression with the optimal combination of predictive cytokines (CXCL-10 and IFN-α as measured by ELISA), resulting in a specificity and positive predictive value of 100%. Conclusion Easily performed ELISA assays for CXCL-10 and IFN-α can be used to predict $ ANA^{+} $ individuals at high risk of imminent symptomatic progression. © The Author(s) 2023
abstract_unstemmed	Background Elevated levels of interferons (IFNs) are a characteristic feature of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) and may be useful in predicting impending symptomatic progression in anti-nuclear antibody-positive ($ ANA^{+} $) individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis. Typically, these are measured by their effect on gene expression in the blood, which has limited their utility in clinical settings. Here, we assessed whether the measurement of serum IFN-α or selected IFN-induced cytokines accurately mirrors IFN-induced gene expression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals and investigated their utility as biomarkers of clinical progression. Methods A total of 280 subjects were studied, including 50 $ ANA^{−} $ healthy controls, 160 $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a SARD diagnosis (96 asymptomatic, 64 with undifferentiated connective tissue disease), and 70 SARD patients. IFN-induced gene expression was measured by nanoString and cytokine levels by ELISA or Simoa. $ ANA^{+} $ individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis who had the new onset of SARD criteria over the subsequent 2 years were defined as progressors. Results Measurement of IFN-α levels by high-sensitivity ELISA or Simoa correlated much better with IFN-induced gene expression than measurement of CXCL-10 or Galectin-9 levels. Despite this, high CXCL-10 and Galectin-9 levels were better predictors of subsequent progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals than measures of IFN-α or IFN-induced gene expression with the optimal combination of predictive cytokines (CXCL-10 and IFN-α as measured by ELISA), resulting in a specificity and positive predictive value of 100%. Conclusion Easily performed ELISA assays for CXCL-10 and IFN-α can be used to predict $ ANA^{+} $ individuals at high risk of imminent symptomatic progression. © The Author(s) 2023
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title_short	Interferon and interferon-induced cytokines as markers of impending clinical progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease diagnosis
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Typically, these are measured by their effect on gene expression in the blood, which has limited their utility in clinical settings. Here, we assessed whether the measurement of serum IFN-α or selected IFN-induced cytokines accurately mirrors IFN-induced gene expression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals and investigated their utility as biomarkers of clinical progression. Methods A total of 280 subjects were studied, including 50 $ ANA^{−} $ healthy controls, 160 $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a SARD diagnosis (96 asymptomatic, 64 with undifferentiated connective tissue disease), and 70 SARD patients. IFN-induced gene expression was measured by nanoString and cytokine levels by ELISA or Simoa. $ ANA^{+} $ individuals lacking a SARD diagnosis who had the new onset of SARD criteria over the subsequent 2 years were defined as progressors. Results Measurement of IFN-α levels by high-sensitivity ELISA or Simoa correlated much better with IFN-induced gene expression than measurement of CXCL-10 or Galectin-9 levels. Despite this, high CXCL-10 and Galectin-9 levels were better predictors of subsequent progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals than measures of IFN-α or IFN-induced gene expression with the optimal combination of predictive cytokines (CXCL-10 and IFN-α as measured by ELISA), resulting in a specificity and positive predictive value of 100%. 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Interferon and interferon-induced cytokines as markers of impending clinical progression in $ ANA^{+} $ individuals without a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease diagnosis

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