Pollution levels and health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals of size-segregated particulate matter in rural residential areas of high lung cancer incidence in Fuyuan, China
Abstract The highest incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer in rural area of Fuyuan has been a research hotspot, and the pathogenesis is still unclear. Therefore, atmospheric particulate matters (APMs) samples were collected between 18 February and 01 March 2017, exploring water-soluble potenti...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Xiao, Kai [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2022 |
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| Anmerkung: |
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Environmental geochemistry and health - Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1979, 45(2022), 6 vom: 10. Sept., Seite 2869-2889 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:45 ; year:2022 ; number:6 ; day:10 ; month:09 ; pages:2869-2889 |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s10653-022-01374-x |
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SPR051730200 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Pollution levels and health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals of size-segregated particulate matter in rural residential areas of high lung cancer incidence in Fuyuan, China |
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| 520 | |a Abstract The highest incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer in rural area of Fuyuan has been a research hotspot, and the pathogenesis is still unclear. Therefore, atmospheric particulate matters (APMs) samples were collected between 18 February and 01 March 2017, exploring water-soluble potentially toxic metals (WSPTMs) and water-soluble inorganic ionic species (WSIIs) levels, size distribution, sources, acidity and alkalinity, and potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, hoping to provide scientific basic data to solve this problem. In our study, the average ratio of nitrate ion ($ NO_{3} $−)/sulfate ion ($ SO_{4} $2−) within $ PM_{1.1} $, $ PM_{1.1–2.0} $, $ PM_{2.0–3.3} $, $ PM_{3.3–7.0} $, and $ PM_{>7.0} $ were 0.22, 0.18, 0.15, 0.34 and 0.36, respectively, that revealed that combustion sources contributed to PM were more significant. The anions in equilibrium (ANE) / cations in equilibrium (CAE) < 1 for all samples within $ PM_{1.1} $, $ PM_{2.0–3.3} $, $ PM_{3.3–7.0} $ indicate that the APMs were alkaline, but $ PM_{1.1–2.0} $ particulate matter shows weak acidity. $ SO_{4} $2− prefers to combine with $ NH_{4} $+ to form ($ NH_{4} $)2$ SO_{4} $, which hinders the formation of $ NH_{4} %$ NO_{3} $, the remaining $ SO_{4} $2− and $ NO_{3} $− to neutralize the $ K^{+} $, $ KNO_{3} $ was formed at all particulate, however, $ K_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ can only be formed in $ PM_{<3.3} $. Arsenic (As) and Selenium (Se) were identified as the most enriched WSPTMs in all PM sizes, predominantly from anthropogenic emissions, were suggested that coal combustion is a significant source of PM-bound WSPTMs. Total WSPTMs exhibited high total carcinogenic risks (TCR) values (9.98 × $ 10^{–6} $, 1.06 × $ 10^{–5} $, and 1.19 × $ 10^{–5} $ for girls, boys and adults, respectively) in the smaller particles (< 1.1 μm). Se was considered as the major contributor (63.60%) to carcinogenic risk (CR) in $ PM_{2.0} $ and had an inverse relationship with PM size that should be of prime concern. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Water-soluble inorganic ion |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Enyoh, Christian Ebere |4 aut | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Islam, Md. Rezwanul |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Guo, Yue |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wang, Weiqian |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s10653-022-01374-x doi (DE-627)SPR051730200 (SPR)s10653-022-01374-x-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Xiao, Kai verfasserin aut Pollution levels and health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals of size-segregated particulate matter in rural residential areas of high lung cancer incidence in Fuyuan, China 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract The highest incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer in rural area of Fuyuan has been a research hotspot, and the pathogenesis is still unclear. Therefore, atmospheric particulate matters (APMs) samples were collected between 18 February and 01 March 2017, exploring water-soluble potentially toxic metals (WSPTMs) and water-soluble inorganic ionic species (WSIIs) levels, size distribution, sources, acidity and alkalinity, and potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, hoping to provide scientific basic data to solve this problem. In our study, the average ratio of nitrate ion ($ NO_{3} $−)/sulfate ion ($ SO_{4} $2−) within $ PM_{1.1} $, $ PM_{1.1–2.0} $, $ PM_{2.0–3.3} $, $ PM_{3.3–7.0} $, and $ PM_{>7.0} $ were 0.22, 0.18, 0.15, 0.34 and 0.36, respectively, that revealed that combustion sources contributed to PM were more significant. The anions in equilibrium (ANE) / cations in equilibrium (CAE) < 1 for all samples within $ PM_{1.1} $, $ PM_{2.0–3.3} $, $ PM_{3.3–7.0} $ indicate that the APMs were alkaline, but $ PM_{1.1–2.0} $ particulate matter shows weak acidity. $ SO_{4} $2− prefers to combine with $ NH_{4} $+ to form ($ NH_{4} $)2$ SO_{4} $, which hinders the formation of $ NH_{4} %$ NO_{3} $, the remaining $ SO_{4} $2− and $ NO_{3} $− to neutralize the $ K^{+} $, $ KNO_{3} $ was formed at all particulate, however, $ K_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ can only be formed in $ PM_{<3.3} $. Arsenic (As) and Selenium (Se) were identified as the most enriched WSPTMs in all PM sizes, predominantly from anthropogenic emissions, were suggested that coal combustion is a significant source of PM-bound WSPTMs. Total WSPTMs exhibited high total carcinogenic risks (TCR) values (9.98 × $ 10^{–6} $, 1.06 × $ 10^{–5} $, and 1.19 × $ 10^{–5} $ for girls, boys and adults, respectively) in the smaller particles (< 1.1 μm). Se was considered as the major contributor (63.60%) to carcinogenic risk (CR) in $ PM_{2.0} $ and had an inverse relationship with PM size that should be of prime concern. Airborne particulate matter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Water-soluble potentially toxic metals (dpeaa)DE-He213 Water-soluble inorganic ion (dpeaa)DE-He213 ANE/CAE (dpeaa)DE-He213 Carcinogenic risks (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wang, Qingyue (orcid)0000-0002-7673-2836 aut Lu, Senlin aut Lin, Yichun aut Enyoh, Christian Ebere aut Chowdhury, Tanzin aut Rabin, Mominul Haque aut Islam, Md. Rezwanul aut Guo, Yue aut Wang, Weiqian aut Enthalten in Environmental geochemistry and health Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1979 45(2022), 6 vom: 10. Sept., Seite 2869-2889 (DE-627)303390611 (DE-600)1494595-2 1573-2983 nnns volume:45 year:2022 number:6 day:10 month:09 pages:2869-2889 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01374-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 45 2022 6 10 09 2869-2889 |
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10.1007/s10653-022-01374-x doi (DE-627)SPR051730200 (SPR)s10653-022-01374-x-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Xiao, Kai verfasserin aut Pollution levels and health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals of size-segregated particulate matter in rural residential areas of high lung cancer incidence in Fuyuan, China 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract The highest incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer in rural area of Fuyuan has been a research hotspot, and the pathogenesis is still unclear. Therefore, atmospheric particulate matters (APMs) samples were collected between 18 February and 01 March 2017, exploring water-soluble potentially toxic metals (WSPTMs) and water-soluble inorganic ionic species (WSIIs) levels, size distribution, sources, acidity and alkalinity, and potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, hoping to provide scientific basic data to solve this problem. In our study, the average ratio of nitrate ion ($ NO_{3} $−)/sulfate ion ($ SO_{4} $2−) within $ PM_{1.1} $, $ PM_{1.1–2.0} $, $ PM_{2.0–3.3} $, $ PM_{3.3–7.0} $, and $ PM_{>7.0} $ were 0.22, 0.18, 0.15, 0.34 and 0.36, respectively, that revealed that combustion sources contributed to PM were more significant. The anions in equilibrium (ANE) / cations in equilibrium (CAE) < 1 for all samples within $ PM_{1.1} $, $ PM_{2.0–3.3} $, $ PM_{3.3–7.0} $ indicate that the APMs were alkaline, but $ PM_{1.1–2.0} $ particulate matter shows weak acidity. $ SO_{4} $2− prefers to combine with $ NH_{4} $+ to form ($ NH_{4} $)2$ SO_{4} $, which hinders the formation of $ NH_{4} %$ NO_{3} $, the remaining $ SO_{4} $2− and $ NO_{3} $− to neutralize the $ K^{+} $, $ KNO_{3} $ was formed at all particulate, however, $ K_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ can only be formed in $ PM_{<3.3} $. Arsenic (As) and Selenium (Se) were identified as the most enriched WSPTMs in all PM sizes, predominantly from anthropogenic emissions, were suggested that coal combustion is a significant source of PM-bound WSPTMs. Total WSPTMs exhibited high total carcinogenic risks (TCR) values (9.98 × $ 10^{–6} $, 1.06 × $ 10^{–5} $, and 1.19 × $ 10^{–5} $ for girls, boys and adults, respectively) in the smaller particles (< 1.1 μm). Se was considered as the major contributor (63.60%) to carcinogenic risk (CR) in $ PM_{2.0} $ and had an inverse relationship with PM size that should be of prime concern. Airborne particulate matter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Water-soluble potentially toxic metals (dpeaa)DE-He213 Water-soluble inorganic ion (dpeaa)DE-He213 ANE/CAE (dpeaa)DE-He213 Carcinogenic risks (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wang, Qingyue (orcid)0000-0002-7673-2836 aut Lu, Senlin aut Lin, Yichun aut Enyoh, Christian Ebere aut Chowdhury, Tanzin aut Rabin, Mominul Haque aut Islam, Md. Rezwanul aut Guo, Yue aut Wang, Weiqian aut Enthalten in Environmental geochemistry and health Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1979 45(2022), 6 vom: 10. Sept., Seite 2869-2889 (DE-627)303390611 (DE-600)1494595-2 1573-2983 nnns volume:45 year:2022 number:6 day:10 month:09 pages:2869-2889 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01374-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 45 2022 6 10 09 2869-2889 |
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10.1007/s10653-022-01374-x doi (DE-627)SPR051730200 (SPR)s10653-022-01374-x-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Xiao, Kai verfasserin aut Pollution levels and health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals of size-segregated particulate matter in rural residential areas of high lung cancer incidence in Fuyuan, China 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract The highest incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer in rural area of Fuyuan has been a research hotspot, and the pathogenesis is still unclear. Therefore, atmospheric particulate matters (APMs) samples were collected between 18 February and 01 March 2017, exploring water-soluble potentially toxic metals (WSPTMs) and water-soluble inorganic ionic species (WSIIs) levels, size distribution, sources, acidity and alkalinity, and potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, hoping to provide scientific basic data to solve this problem. In our study, the average ratio of nitrate ion ($ NO_{3} $−)/sulfate ion ($ SO_{4} $2−) within $ PM_{1.1} $, $ PM_{1.1–2.0} $, $ PM_{2.0–3.3} $, $ PM_{3.3–7.0} $, and $ PM_{>7.0} $ were 0.22, 0.18, 0.15, 0.34 and 0.36, respectively, that revealed that combustion sources contributed to PM were more significant. The anions in equilibrium (ANE) / cations in equilibrium (CAE) < 1 for all samples within $ PM_{1.1} $, $ PM_{2.0–3.3} $, $ PM_{3.3–7.0} $ indicate that the APMs were alkaline, but $ PM_{1.1–2.0} $ particulate matter shows weak acidity. $ SO_{4} $2− prefers to combine with $ NH_{4} $+ to form ($ NH_{4} $)2$ SO_{4} $, which hinders the formation of $ NH_{4} %$ NO_{3} $, the remaining $ SO_{4} $2− and $ NO_{3} $− to neutralize the $ K^{+} $, $ KNO_{3} $ was formed at all particulate, however, $ K_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ can only be formed in $ PM_{<3.3} $. Arsenic (As) and Selenium (Se) were identified as the most enriched WSPTMs in all PM sizes, predominantly from anthropogenic emissions, were suggested that coal combustion is a significant source of PM-bound WSPTMs. Total WSPTMs exhibited high total carcinogenic risks (TCR) values (9.98 × $ 10^{–6} $, 1.06 × $ 10^{–5} $, and 1.19 × $ 10^{–5} $ for girls, boys and adults, respectively) in the smaller particles (< 1.1 μm). Se was considered as the major contributor (63.60%) to carcinogenic risk (CR) in $ PM_{2.0} $ and had an inverse relationship with PM size that should be of prime concern. Airborne particulate matter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Water-soluble potentially toxic metals (dpeaa)DE-He213 Water-soluble inorganic ion (dpeaa)DE-He213 ANE/CAE (dpeaa)DE-He213 Carcinogenic risks (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wang, Qingyue (orcid)0000-0002-7673-2836 aut Lu, Senlin aut Lin, Yichun aut Enyoh, Christian Ebere aut Chowdhury, Tanzin aut Rabin, Mominul Haque aut Islam, Md. Rezwanul aut Guo, Yue aut Wang, Weiqian aut Enthalten in Environmental geochemistry and health Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1979 45(2022), 6 vom: 10. Sept., Seite 2869-2889 (DE-627)303390611 (DE-600)1494595-2 1573-2983 nnns volume:45 year:2022 number:6 day:10 month:09 pages:2869-2889 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01374-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 45 2022 6 10 09 2869-2889 |
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10.1007/s10653-022-01374-x doi (DE-627)SPR051730200 (SPR)s10653-022-01374-x-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Xiao, Kai verfasserin aut Pollution levels and health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals of size-segregated particulate matter in rural residential areas of high lung cancer incidence in Fuyuan, China 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract The highest incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer in rural area of Fuyuan has been a research hotspot, and the pathogenesis is still unclear. Therefore, atmospheric particulate matters (APMs) samples were collected between 18 February and 01 March 2017, exploring water-soluble potentially toxic metals (WSPTMs) and water-soluble inorganic ionic species (WSIIs) levels, size distribution, sources, acidity and alkalinity, and potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, hoping to provide scientific basic data to solve this problem. In our study, the average ratio of nitrate ion ($ NO_{3} $−)/sulfate ion ($ SO_{4} $2−) within $ PM_{1.1} $, $ PM_{1.1–2.0} $, $ PM_{2.0–3.3} $, $ PM_{3.3–7.0} $, and $ PM_{>7.0} $ were 0.22, 0.18, 0.15, 0.34 and 0.36, respectively, that revealed that combustion sources contributed to PM were more significant. The anions in equilibrium (ANE) / cations in equilibrium (CAE) < 1 for all samples within $ PM_{1.1} $, $ PM_{2.0–3.3} $, $ PM_{3.3–7.0} $ indicate that the APMs were alkaline, but $ PM_{1.1–2.0} $ particulate matter shows weak acidity. $ SO_{4} $2− prefers to combine with $ NH_{4} $+ to form ($ NH_{4} $)2$ SO_{4} $, which hinders the formation of $ NH_{4} %$ NO_{3} $, the remaining $ SO_{4} $2− and $ NO_{3} $− to neutralize the $ K^{+} $, $ KNO_{3} $ was formed at all particulate, however, $ K_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ can only be formed in $ PM_{<3.3} $. Arsenic (As) and Selenium (Se) were identified as the most enriched WSPTMs in all PM sizes, predominantly from anthropogenic emissions, were suggested that coal combustion is a significant source of PM-bound WSPTMs. Total WSPTMs exhibited high total carcinogenic risks (TCR) values (9.98 × $ 10^{–6} $, 1.06 × $ 10^{–5} $, and 1.19 × $ 10^{–5} $ for girls, boys and adults, respectively) in the smaller particles (< 1.1 μm). Se was considered as the major contributor (63.60%) to carcinogenic risk (CR) in $ PM_{2.0} $ and had an inverse relationship with PM size that should be of prime concern. Airborne particulate matter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Water-soluble potentially toxic metals (dpeaa)DE-He213 Water-soluble inorganic ion (dpeaa)DE-He213 ANE/CAE (dpeaa)DE-He213 Carcinogenic risks (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wang, Qingyue (orcid)0000-0002-7673-2836 aut Lu, Senlin aut Lin, Yichun aut Enyoh, Christian Ebere aut Chowdhury, Tanzin aut Rabin, Mominul Haque aut Islam, Md. Rezwanul aut Guo, Yue aut Wang, Weiqian aut Enthalten in Environmental geochemistry and health Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1979 45(2022), 6 vom: 10. Sept., Seite 2869-2889 (DE-627)303390611 (DE-600)1494595-2 1573-2983 nnns volume:45 year:2022 number:6 day:10 month:09 pages:2869-2889 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01374-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 45 2022 6 10 09 2869-2889 |
| allfieldsSound |
10.1007/s10653-022-01374-x doi (DE-627)SPR051730200 (SPR)s10653-022-01374-x-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Xiao, Kai verfasserin aut Pollution levels and health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals of size-segregated particulate matter in rural residential areas of high lung cancer incidence in Fuyuan, China 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract The highest incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer in rural area of Fuyuan has been a research hotspot, and the pathogenesis is still unclear. Therefore, atmospheric particulate matters (APMs) samples were collected between 18 February and 01 March 2017, exploring water-soluble potentially toxic metals (WSPTMs) and water-soluble inorganic ionic species (WSIIs) levels, size distribution, sources, acidity and alkalinity, and potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, hoping to provide scientific basic data to solve this problem. In our study, the average ratio of nitrate ion ($ NO_{3} $−)/sulfate ion ($ SO_{4} $2−) within $ PM_{1.1} $, $ PM_{1.1–2.0} $, $ PM_{2.0–3.3} $, $ PM_{3.3–7.0} $, and $ PM_{>7.0} $ were 0.22, 0.18, 0.15, 0.34 and 0.36, respectively, that revealed that combustion sources contributed to PM were more significant. The anions in equilibrium (ANE) / cations in equilibrium (CAE) < 1 for all samples within $ PM_{1.1} $, $ PM_{2.0–3.3} $, $ PM_{3.3–7.0} $ indicate that the APMs were alkaline, but $ PM_{1.1–2.0} $ particulate matter shows weak acidity. $ SO_{4} $2− prefers to combine with $ NH_{4} $+ to form ($ NH_{4} $)2$ SO_{4} $, which hinders the formation of $ NH_{4} %$ NO_{3} $, the remaining $ SO_{4} $2− and $ NO_{3} $− to neutralize the $ K^{+} $, $ KNO_{3} $ was formed at all particulate, however, $ K_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ can only be formed in $ PM_{<3.3} $. Arsenic (As) and Selenium (Se) were identified as the most enriched WSPTMs in all PM sizes, predominantly from anthropogenic emissions, were suggested that coal combustion is a significant source of PM-bound WSPTMs. Total WSPTMs exhibited high total carcinogenic risks (TCR) values (9.98 × $ 10^{–6} $, 1.06 × $ 10^{–5} $, and 1.19 × $ 10^{–5} $ for girls, boys and adults, respectively) in the smaller particles (< 1.1 μm). Se was considered as the major contributor (63.60%) to carcinogenic risk (CR) in $ PM_{2.0} $ and had an inverse relationship with PM size that should be of prime concern. Airborne particulate matter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Water-soluble potentially toxic metals (dpeaa)DE-He213 Water-soluble inorganic ion (dpeaa)DE-He213 ANE/CAE (dpeaa)DE-He213 Carcinogenic risks (dpeaa)DE-He213 Wang, Qingyue (orcid)0000-0002-7673-2836 aut Lu, Senlin aut Lin, Yichun aut Enyoh, Christian Ebere aut Chowdhury, Tanzin aut Rabin, Mominul Haque aut Islam, Md. Rezwanul aut Guo, Yue aut Wang, Weiqian aut Enthalten in Environmental geochemistry and health Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1979 45(2022), 6 vom: 10. Sept., Seite 2869-2889 (DE-627)303390611 (DE-600)1494595-2 1573-2983 nnns volume:45 year:2022 number:6 day:10 month:09 pages:2869-2889 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01374-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 45 2022 6 10 09 2869-2889 |
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Enthalten in Environmental geochemistry and health 45(2022), 6 vom: 10. Sept., Seite 2869-2889 volume:45 year:2022 number:6 day:10 month:09 pages:2869-2889 |
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Environmental geochemistry and health |
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Xiao, Kai @@aut@@ Wang, Qingyue @@aut@@ Lu, Senlin @@aut@@ Lin, Yichun @@aut@@ Enyoh, Christian Ebere @@aut@@ Chowdhury, Tanzin @@aut@@ Rabin, Mominul Haque @@aut@@ Islam, Md. Rezwanul @@aut@@ Guo, Yue @@aut@@ Wang, Weiqian @@aut@@ |
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2022-09-10T00:00:00Z |
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303390611 |
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englisch |
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Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract The highest incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer in rural area of Fuyuan has been a research hotspot, and the pathogenesis is still unclear. Therefore, atmospheric particulate matters (APMs) samples were collected between 18 February and 01 March 2017, exploring water-soluble potentially toxic metals (WSPTMs) and water-soluble inorganic ionic species (WSIIs) levels, size distribution, sources, acidity and alkalinity, and potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, hoping to provide scientific basic data to solve this problem. In our study, the average ratio of nitrate ion ($ NO_{3} $−)/sulfate ion ($ SO_{4} $2−) within $ PM_{1.1} $, $ PM_{1.1–2.0} $, $ PM_{2.0–3.3} $, $ PM_{3.3–7.0} $, and $ PM_{>7.0} $ were 0.22, 0.18, 0.15, 0.34 and 0.36, respectively, that revealed that combustion sources contributed to PM were more significant. The anions in equilibrium (ANE) / cations in equilibrium (CAE) < 1 for all samples within $ PM_{1.1} $, $ PM_{2.0–3.3} $, $ PM_{3.3–7.0} $ indicate that the APMs were alkaline, but $ PM_{1.1–2.0} $ particulate matter shows weak acidity. $ SO_{4} $2− prefers to combine with $ NH_{4} $+ to form ($ NH_{4} $)2$ SO_{4} $, which hinders the formation of $ NH_{4} %$ NO_{3} $, the remaining $ SO_{4} $2− and $ NO_{3} $− to neutralize the $ K^{+} $, $ KNO_{3} $ was formed at all particulate, however, $ K_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ can only be formed in $ PM_{<3.3} $. Arsenic (As) and Selenium (Se) were identified as the most enriched WSPTMs in all PM sizes, predominantly from anthropogenic emissions, were suggested that coal combustion is a significant source of PM-bound WSPTMs. Total WSPTMs exhibited high total carcinogenic risks (TCR) values (9.98 × $ 10^{–6} $, 1.06 × $ 10^{–5} $, and 1.19 × $ 10^{–5} $ for girls, boys and adults, respectively) in the smaller particles (< 1.1 μm). Se was considered as the major contributor (63.60%) to carcinogenic risk (CR) in $ PM_{2.0} $ and had an inverse relationship with PM size that should be of prime concern.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Airborne particulate matter</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Water-soluble potentially toxic metals</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Water-soluble inorganic ion</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">ANE/CAE</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Carcinogenic risks</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Wang, Qingyue</subfield><subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0002-7673-2836</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Lu, Senlin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Lin, Yichun</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Enyoh, Christian Ebere</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Chowdhury, Tanzin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Rabin, Mominul Haque</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Islam, Md. 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Xiao, Kai misc Airborne particulate matter misc Water-soluble potentially toxic metals misc Water-soluble inorganic ion misc ANE/CAE misc Carcinogenic risks Pollution levels and health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals of size-segregated particulate matter in rural residential areas of high lung cancer incidence in Fuyuan, China |
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Pollution levels and health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals of size-segregated particulate matter in rural residential areas of high lung cancer incidence in Fuyuan, China Airborne particulate matter (dpeaa)DE-He213 Water-soluble potentially toxic metals (dpeaa)DE-He213 Water-soluble inorganic ion (dpeaa)DE-He213 ANE/CAE (dpeaa)DE-He213 Carcinogenic risks (dpeaa)DE-He213 |
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Pollution levels and health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals of size-segregated particulate matter in rural residential areas of high lung cancer incidence in Fuyuan, China |
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Pollution levels and health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals of size-segregated particulate matter in rural residential areas of high lung cancer incidence in Fuyuan, China |
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Xiao, Kai |
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Environmental geochemistry and health |
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Xiao, Kai Wang, Qingyue Lu, Senlin Lin, Yichun Enyoh, Christian Ebere Chowdhury, Tanzin Rabin, Mominul Haque Islam, Md. Rezwanul Guo, Yue Wang, Weiqian |
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Xiao, Kai |
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10.1007/s10653-022-01374-x |
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pollution levels and health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals of size-segregated particulate matter in rural residential areas of high lung cancer incidence in fuyuan, china |
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Pollution levels and health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals of size-segregated particulate matter in rural residential areas of high lung cancer incidence in Fuyuan, China |
| abstract |
Abstract The highest incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer in rural area of Fuyuan has been a research hotspot, and the pathogenesis is still unclear. Therefore, atmospheric particulate matters (APMs) samples were collected between 18 February and 01 March 2017, exploring water-soluble potentially toxic metals (WSPTMs) and water-soluble inorganic ionic species (WSIIs) levels, size distribution, sources, acidity and alkalinity, and potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, hoping to provide scientific basic data to solve this problem. In our study, the average ratio of nitrate ion ($ NO_{3} $−)/sulfate ion ($ SO_{4} $2−) within $ PM_{1.1} $, $ PM_{1.1–2.0} $, $ PM_{2.0–3.3} $, $ PM_{3.3–7.0} $, and $ PM_{>7.0} $ were 0.22, 0.18, 0.15, 0.34 and 0.36, respectively, that revealed that combustion sources contributed to PM were more significant. The anions in equilibrium (ANE) / cations in equilibrium (CAE) < 1 for all samples within $ PM_{1.1} $, $ PM_{2.0–3.3} $, $ PM_{3.3–7.0} $ indicate that the APMs were alkaline, but $ PM_{1.1–2.0} $ particulate matter shows weak acidity. $ SO_{4} $2− prefers to combine with $ NH_{4} $+ to form ($ NH_{4} $)2$ SO_{4} $, which hinders the formation of $ NH_{4} %$ NO_{3} $, the remaining $ SO_{4} $2− and $ NO_{3} $− to neutralize the $ K^{+} $, $ KNO_{3} $ was formed at all particulate, however, $ K_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ can only be formed in $ PM_{<3.3} $. Arsenic (As) and Selenium (Se) were identified as the most enriched WSPTMs in all PM sizes, predominantly from anthropogenic emissions, were suggested that coal combustion is a significant source of PM-bound WSPTMs. Total WSPTMs exhibited high total carcinogenic risks (TCR) values (9.98 × $ 10^{–6} $, 1.06 × $ 10^{–5} $, and 1.19 × $ 10^{–5} $ for girls, boys and adults, respectively) in the smaller particles (< 1.1 μm). Se was considered as the major contributor (63.60%) to carcinogenic risk (CR) in $ PM_{2.0} $ and had an inverse relationship with PM size that should be of prime concern. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
| abstractGer |
Abstract The highest incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer in rural area of Fuyuan has been a research hotspot, and the pathogenesis is still unclear. Therefore, atmospheric particulate matters (APMs) samples were collected between 18 February and 01 March 2017, exploring water-soluble potentially toxic metals (WSPTMs) and water-soluble inorganic ionic species (WSIIs) levels, size distribution, sources, acidity and alkalinity, and potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, hoping to provide scientific basic data to solve this problem. In our study, the average ratio of nitrate ion ($ NO_{3} $−)/sulfate ion ($ SO_{4} $2−) within $ PM_{1.1} $, $ PM_{1.1–2.0} $, $ PM_{2.0–3.3} $, $ PM_{3.3–7.0} $, and $ PM_{>7.0} $ were 0.22, 0.18, 0.15, 0.34 and 0.36, respectively, that revealed that combustion sources contributed to PM were more significant. The anions in equilibrium (ANE) / cations in equilibrium (CAE) < 1 for all samples within $ PM_{1.1} $, $ PM_{2.0–3.3} $, $ PM_{3.3–7.0} $ indicate that the APMs were alkaline, but $ PM_{1.1–2.0} $ particulate matter shows weak acidity. $ SO_{4} $2− prefers to combine with $ NH_{4} $+ to form ($ NH_{4} $)2$ SO_{4} $, which hinders the formation of $ NH_{4} %$ NO_{3} $, the remaining $ SO_{4} $2− and $ NO_{3} $− to neutralize the $ K^{+} $, $ KNO_{3} $ was formed at all particulate, however, $ K_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ can only be formed in $ PM_{<3.3} $. Arsenic (As) and Selenium (Se) were identified as the most enriched WSPTMs in all PM sizes, predominantly from anthropogenic emissions, were suggested that coal combustion is a significant source of PM-bound WSPTMs. Total WSPTMs exhibited high total carcinogenic risks (TCR) values (9.98 × $ 10^{–6} $, 1.06 × $ 10^{–5} $, and 1.19 × $ 10^{–5} $ for girls, boys and adults, respectively) in the smaller particles (< 1.1 μm). Se was considered as the major contributor (63.60%) to carcinogenic risk (CR) in $ PM_{2.0} $ and had an inverse relationship with PM size that should be of prime concern. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract The highest incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer in rural area of Fuyuan has been a research hotspot, and the pathogenesis is still unclear. Therefore, atmospheric particulate matters (APMs) samples were collected between 18 February and 01 March 2017, exploring water-soluble potentially toxic metals (WSPTMs) and water-soluble inorganic ionic species (WSIIs) levels, size distribution, sources, acidity and alkalinity, and potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, hoping to provide scientific basic data to solve this problem. In our study, the average ratio of nitrate ion ($ NO_{3} $−)/sulfate ion ($ SO_{4} $2−) within $ PM_{1.1} $, $ PM_{1.1–2.0} $, $ PM_{2.0–3.3} $, $ PM_{3.3–7.0} $, and $ PM_{>7.0} $ were 0.22, 0.18, 0.15, 0.34 and 0.36, respectively, that revealed that combustion sources contributed to PM were more significant. The anions in equilibrium (ANE) / cations in equilibrium (CAE) < 1 for all samples within $ PM_{1.1} $, $ PM_{2.0–3.3} $, $ PM_{3.3–7.0} $ indicate that the APMs were alkaline, but $ PM_{1.1–2.0} $ particulate matter shows weak acidity. $ SO_{4} $2− prefers to combine with $ NH_{4} $+ to form ($ NH_{4} $)2$ SO_{4} $, which hinders the formation of $ NH_{4} %$ NO_{3} $, the remaining $ SO_{4} $2− and $ NO_{3} $− to neutralize the $ K^{+} $, $ KNO_{3} $ was formed at all particulate, however, $ K_{2} %$ SO_{4} $ can only be formed in $ PM_{<3.3} $. Arsenic (As) and Selenium (Se) were identified as the most enriched WSPTMs in all PM sizes, predominantly from anthropogenic emissions, were suggested that coal combustion is a significant source of PM-bound WSPTMs. Total WSPTMs exhibited high total carcinogenic risks (TCR) values (9.98 × $ 10^{–6} $, 1.06 × $ 10^{–5} $, and 1.19 × $ 10^{–5} $ for girls, boys and adults, respectively) in the smaller particles (< 1.1 μm). Se was considered as the major contributor (63.60%) to carcinogenic risk (CR) in $ PM_{2.0} $ and had an inverse relationship with PM size that should be of prime concern. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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Pollution levels and health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals of size-segregated particulate matter in rural residential areas of high lung cancer incidence in Fuyuan, China |
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| score |
7.4019346 |