Characteristics for the sources and sinks of gravity waves in an orographic heavy snowfall event
Abstract The characteristics of the mesoscale gravity waves during a snowfall event on November 30, 2018 over the Ili Valley and the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains are analyzed based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model simulation. The vertical distribution of Ro is similar to tha...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Ma, Shuping [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2022 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© Higher Education Press 2022 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Frontiers of earth science in China - Beijing : Higher Education Press, 2007, 17(2022), 2 vom: 06. Juli, Seite 604-619 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:17 ; year:2022 ; number:2 ; day:06 ; month:07 ; pages:604-619 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s11707-021-0961-2 |
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SPR052698769 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract The characteristics of the mesoscale gravity waves during a snowfall event on November 30, 2018 over the Ili Valley and the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains are analyzed based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model simulation. The vertical distribution of Ro is similar to that of the residual of the nonlinear balance equation (ΔNBE), with their high-value areas located over the leeward slope and the fluctuations extending upwardly with time, indicating the characteristics of strong ageostrophy and non-equilibrium of atmospheric motions. In addition, the Ro and ΔNBE are first developed in the lower layers over the leeward slope, revealing that the generation of the gravity waves is closely related to the topography. Thus, the topographic uplifting greatly affects this snowfall, and the ageostrophic motion in the whole troposphere and the lower stratosphere, as well as the unbalanced motions between convergence and divergence over the peak and the leeward slope are conductive to the development of the inertia-gravity waves. In terms of the horizontal scale of the gravity waves, the Barnes’ bandpass filter is applied to separate the mesoscale waves and the synoptic-scale basic flow. The vertical distributions of the vorticity and divergence perturbations have a phase difference of π/2, indicating the polarization state of gravity waves. The analyses on the sources and sinks of gravity waves by the non-hydrostatic wave equation show that the main forcing term for orographic gravity waves is the second-order nonlinear term, whose magnitude mainly depends on the nonlinear thermal forcing. This term is mainly related to the vertical transport of potential temperature perturbations. During the snowfall, the potential temperature perturbations are mainly caused by the topographic relief and the release of condensation latent heat. Therefore, the gravity waves in this snowfall are caused by the topographic forcing and condensation latent heating. | ||
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10.1007/s11707-021-0961-2 doi (DE-627)SPR052698769 (SPR)s11707-021-0961-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ma, Shuping verfasserin aut Characteristics for the sources and sinks of gravity waves in an orographic heavy snowfall event 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Higher Education Press 2022 Abstract The characteristics of the mesoscale gravity waves during a snowfall event on November 30, 2018 over the Ili Valley and the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains are analyzed based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model simulation. The vertical distribution of Ro is similar to that of the residual of the nonlinear balance equation (ΔNBE), with their high-value areas located over the leeward slope and the fluctuations extending upwardly with time, indicating the characteristics of strong ageostrophy and non-equilibrium of atmospheric motions. In addition, the Ro and ΔNBE are first developed in the lower layers over the leeward slope, revealing that the generation of the gravity waves is closely related to the topography. Thus, the topographic uplifting greatly affects this snowfall, and the ageostrophic motion in the whole troposphere and the lower stratosphere, as well as the unbalanced motions between convergence and divergence over the peak and the leeward slope are conductive to the development of the inertia-gravity waves. In terms of the horizontal scale of the gravity waves, the Barnes’ bandpass filter is applied to separate the mesoscale waves and the synoptic-scale basic flow. The vertical distributions of the vorticity and divergence perturbations have a phase difference of π/2, indicating the polarization state of gravity waves. The analyses on the sources and sinks of gravity waves by the non-hydrostatic wave equation show that the main forcing term for orographic gravity waves is the second-order nonlinear term, whose magnitude mainly depends on the nonlinear thermal forcing. This term is mainly related to the vertical transport of potential temperature perturbations. During the snowfall, the potential temperature perturbations are mainly caused by the topographic relief and the release of condensation latent heat. Therefore, the gravity waves in this snowfall are caused by the topographic forcing and condensation latent heating. gravity wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fourier transform (dpeaa)DE-He213 nonlinear alance equation (dpeaa)DE-He213 non-hydrostatic wave equation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ran, Lingkun aut Cao, Jie aut Jiao, Baofeng aut Zhou, Kuo aut Enthalten in Frontiers of earth science in China Beijing : Higher Education Press, 2007 17(2022), 2 vom: 06. Juli, Seite 604-619 (DE-627)546007406 (DE-600)2389435-0 1673-7490 nnns volume:17 year:2022 number:2 day:06 month:07 pages:604-619 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11707-021-0961-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 17 2022 2 06 07 604-619 |
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10.1007/s11707-021-0961-2 doi (DE-627)SPR052698769 (SPR)s11707-021-0961-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ma, Shuping verfasserin aut Characteristics for the sources and sinks of gravity waves in an orographic heavy snowfall event 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Higher Education Press 2022 Abstract The characteristics of the mesoscale gravity waves during a snowfall event on November 30, 2018 over the Ili Valley and the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains are analyzed based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model simulation. The vertical distribution of Ro is similar to that of the residual of the nonlinear balance equation (ΔNBE), with their high-value areas located over the leeward slope and the fluctuations extending upwardly with time, indicating the characteristics of strong ageostrophy and non-equilibrium of atmospheric motions. In addition, the Ro and ΔNBE are first developed in the lower layers over the leeward slope, revealing that the generation of the gravity waves is closely related to the topography. Thus, the topographic uplifting greatly affects this snowfall, and the ageostrophic motion in the whole troposphere and the lower stratosphere, as well as the unbalanced motions between convergence and divergence over the peak and the leeward slope are conductive to the development of the inertia-gravity waves. In terms of the horizontal scale of the gravity waves, the Barnes’ bandpass filter is applied to separate the mesoscale waves and the synoptic-scale basic flow. The vertical distributions of the vorticity and divergence perturbations have a phase difference of π/2, indicating the polarization state of gravity waves. The analyses on the sources and sinks of gravity waves by the non-hydrostatic wave equation show that the main forcing term for orographic gravity waves is the second-order nonlinear term, whose magnitude mainly depends on the nonlinear thermal forcing. This term is mainly related to the vertical transport of potential temperature perturbations. During the snowfall, the potential temperature perturbations are mainly caused by the topographic relief and the release of condensation latent heat. Therefore, the gravity waves in this snowfall are caused by the topographic forcing and condensation latent heating. gravity wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fourier transform (dpeaa)DE-He213 nonlinear alance equation (dpeaa)DE-He213 non-hydrostatic wave equation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ran, Lingkun aut Cao, Jie aut Jiao, Baofeng aut Zhou, Kuo aut Enthalten in Frontiers of earth science in China Beijing : Higher Education Press, 2007 17(2022), 2 vom: 06. Juli, Seite 604-619 (DE-627)546007406 (DE-600)2389435-0 1673-7490 nnns volume:17 year:2022 number:2 day:06 month:07 pages:604-619 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11707-021-0961-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 17 2022 2 06 07 604-619 |
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10.1007/s11707-021-0961-2 doi (DE-627)SPR052698769 (SPR)s11707-021-0961-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ma, Shuping verfasserin aut Characteristics for the sources and sinks of gravity waves in an orographic heavy snowfall event 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Higher Education Press 2022 Abstract The characteristics of the mesoscale gravity waves during a snowfall event on November 30, 2018 over the Ili Valley and the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains are analyzed based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model simulation. The vertical distribution of Ro is similar to that of the residual of the nonlinear balance equation (ΔNBE), with their high-value areas located over the leeward slope and the fluctuations extending upwardly with time, indicating the characteristics of strong ageostrophy and non-equilibrium of atmospheric motions. In addition, the Ro and ΔNBE are first developed in the lower layers over the leeward slope, revealing that the generation of the gravity waves is closely related to the topography. Thus, the topographic uplifting greatly affects this snowfall, and the ageostrophic motion in the whole troposphere and the lower stratosphere, as well as the unbalanced motions between convergence and divergence over the peak and the leeward slope are conductive to the development of the inertia-gravity waves. In terms of the horizontal scale of the gravity waves, the Barnes’ bandpass filter is applied to separate the mesoscale waves and the synoptic-scale basic flow. The vertical distributions of the vorticity and divergence perturbations have a phase difference of π/2, indicating the polarization state of gravity waves. The analyses on the sources and sinks of gravity waves by the non-hydrostatic wave equation show that the main forcing term for orographic gravity waves is the second-order nonlinear term, whose magnitude mainly depends on the nonlinear thermal forcing. This term is mainly related to the vertical transport of potential temperature perturbations. During the snowfall, the potential temperature perturbations are mainly caused by the topographic relief and the release of condensation latent heat. Therefore, the gravity waves in this snowfall are caused by the topographic forcing and condensation latent heating. gravity wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fourier transform (dpeaa)DE-He213 nonlinear alance equation (dpeaa)DE-He213 non-hydrostatic wave equation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ran, Lingkun aut Cao, Jie aut Jiao, Baofeng aut Zhou, Kuo aut Enthalten in Frontiers of earth science in China Beijing : Higher Education Press, 2007 17(2022), 2 vom: 06. Juli, Seite 604-619 (DE-627)546007406 (DE-600)2389435-0 1673-7490 nnns volume:17 year:2022 number:2 day:06 month:07 pages:604-619 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11707-021-0961-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 17 2022 2 06 07 604-619 |
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10.1007/s11707-021-0961-2 doi (DE-627)SPR052698769 (SPR)s11707-021-0961-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ma, Shuping verfasserin aut Characteristics for the sources and sinks of gravity waves in an orographic heavy snowfall event 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Higher Education Press 2022 Abstract The characteristics of the mesoscale gravity waves during a snowfall event on November 30, 2018 over the Ili Valley and the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains are analyzed based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model simulation. The vertical distribution of Ro is similar to that of the residual of the nonlinear balance equation (ΔNBE), with their high-value areas located over the leeward slope and the fluctuations extending upwardly with time, indicating the characteristics of strong ageostrophy and non-equilibrium of atmospheric motions. In addition, the Ro and ΔNBE are first developed in the lower layers over the leeward slope, revealing that the generation of the gravity waves is closely related to the topography. Thus, the topographic uplifting greatly affects this snowfall, and the ageostrophic motion in the whole troposphere and the lower stratosphere, as well as the unbalanced motions between convergence and divergence over the peak and the leeward slope are conductive to the development of the inertia-gravity waves. In terms of the horizontal scale of the gravity waves, the Barnes’ bandpass filter is applied to separate the mesoscale waves and the synoptic-scale basic flow. The vertical distributions of the vorticity and divergence perturbations have a phase difference of π/2, indicating the polarization state of gravity waves. The analyses on the sources and sinks of gravity waves by the non-hydrostatic wave equation show that the main forcing term for orographic gravity waves is the second-order nonlinear term, whose magnitude mainly depends on the nonlinear thermal forcing. This term is mainly related to the vertical transport of potential temperature perturbations. During the snowfall, the potential temperature perturbations are mainly caused by the topographic relief and the release of condensation latent heat. Therefore, the gravity waves in this snowfall are caused by the topographic forcing and condensation latent heating. gravity wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fourier transform (dpeaa)DE-He213 nonlinear alance equation (dpeaa)DE-He213 non-hydrostatic wave equation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ran, Lingkun aut Cao, Jie aut Jiao, Baofeng aut Zhou, Kuo aut Enthalten in Frontiers of earth science in China Beijing : Higher Education Press, 2007 17(2022), 2 vom: 06. Juli, Seite 604-619 (DE-627)546007406 (DE-600)2389435-0 1673-7490 nnns volume:17 year:2022 number:2 day:06 month:07 pages:604-619 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11707-021-0961-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 17 2022 2 06 07 604-619 |
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10.1007/s11707-021-0961-2 doi (DE-627)SPR052698769 (SPR)s11707-021-0961-2-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ma, Shuping verfasserin aut Characteristics for the sources and sinks of gravity waves in an orographic heavy snowfall event 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Higher Education Press 2022 Abstract The characteristics of the mesoscale gravity waves during a snowfall event on November 30, 2018 over the Ili Valley and the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains are analyzed based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model simulation. The vertical distribution of Ro is similar to that of the residual of the nonlinear balance equation (ΔNBE), with their high-value areas located over the leeward slope and the fluctuations extending upwardly with time, indicating the characteristics of strong ageostrophy and non-equilibrium of atmospheric motions. In addition, the Ro and ΔNBE are first developed in the lower layers over the leeward slope, revealing that the generation of the gravity waves is closely related to the topography. Thus, the topographic uplifting greatly affects this snowfall, and the ageostrophic motion in the whole troposphere and the lower stratosphere, as well as the unbalanced motions between convergence and divergence over the peak and the leeward slope are conductive to the development of the inertia-gravity waves. In terms of the horizontal scale of the gravity waves, the Barnes’ bandpass filter is applied to separate the mesoscale waves and the synoptic-scale basic flow. The vertical distributions of the vorticity and divergence perturbations have a phase difference of π/2, indicating the polarization state of gravity waves. The analyses on the sources and sinks of gravity waves by the non-hydrostatic wave equation show that the main forcing term for orographic gravity waves is the second-order nonlinear term, whose magnitude mainly depends on the nonlinear thermal forcing. This term is mainly related to the vertical transport of potential temperature perturbations. During the snowfall, the potential temperature perturbations are mainly caused by the topographic relief and the release of condensation latent heat. Therefore, the gravity waves in this snowfall are caused by the topographic forcing and condensation latent heating. gravity wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 Fourier transform (dpeaa)DE-He213 nonlinear alance equation (dpeaa)DE-He213 non-hydrostatic wave equation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ran, Lingkun aut Cao, Jie aut Jiao, Baofeng aut Zhou, Kuo aut Enthalten in Frontiers of earth science in China Beijing : Higher Education Press, 2007 17(2022), 2 vom: 06. Juli, Seite 604-619 (DE-627)546007406 (DE-600)2389435-0 1673-7490 nnns volume:17 year:2022 number:2 day:06 month:07 pages:604-619 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11707-021-0961-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 17 2022 2 06 07 604-619 |
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Ma, Shuping |
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characteristics for the sources and sinks of gravity waves in an orographic heavy snowfall event |
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Characteristics for the sources and sinks of gravity waves in an orographic heavy snowfall event |
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Abstract The characteristics of the mesoscale gravity waves during a snowfall event on November 30, 2018 over the Ili Valley and the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains are analyzed based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model simulation. The vertical distribution of Ro is similar to that of the residual of the nonlinear balance equation (ΔNBE), with their high-value areas located over the leeward slope and the fluctuations extending upwardly with time, indicating the characteristics of strong ageostrophy and non-equilibrium of atmospheric motions. In addition, the Ro and ΔNBE are first developed in the lower layers over the leeward slope, revealing that the generation of the gravity waves is closely related to the topography. Thus, the topographic uplifting greatly affects this snowfall, and the ageostrophic motion in the whole troposphere and the lower stratosphere, as well as the unbalanced motions between convergence and divergence over the peak and the leeward slope are conductive to the development of the inertia-gravity waves. In terms of the horizontal scale of the gravity waves, the Barnes’ bandpass filter is applied to separate the mesoscale waves and the synoptic-scale basic flow. The vertical distributions of the vorticity and divergence perturbations have a phase difference of π/2, indicating the polarization state of gravity waves. The analyses on the sources and sinks of gravity waves by the non-hydrostatic wave equation show that the main forcing term for orographic gravity waves is the second-order nonlinear term, whose magnitude mainly depends on the nonlinear thermal forcing. This term is mainly related to the vertical transport of potential temperature perturbations. During the snowfall, the potential temperature perturbations are mainly caused by the topographic relief and the release of condensation latent heat. Therefore, the gravity waves in this snowfall are caused by the topographic forcing and condensation latent heating. © Higher Education Press 2022 |
| abstractGer |
Abstract The characteristics of the mesoscale gravity waves during a snowfall event on November 30, 2018 over the Ili Valley and the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains are analyzed based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model simulation. The vertical distribution of Ro is similar to that of the residual of the nonlinear balance equation (ΔNBE), with their high-value areas located over the leeward slope and the fluctuations extending upwardly with time, indicating the characteristics of strong ageostrophy and non-equilibrium of atmospheric motions. In addition, the Ro and ΔNBE are first developed in the lower layers over the leeward slope, revealing that the generation of the gravity waves is closely related to the topography. Thus, the topographic uplifting greatly affects this snowfall, and the ageostrophic motion in the whole troposphere and the lower stratosphere, as well as the unbalanced motions between convergence and divergence over the peak and the leeward slope are conductive to the development of the inertia-gravity waves. In terms of the horizontal scale of the gravity waves, the Barnes’ bandpass filter is applied to separate the mesoscale waves and the synoptic-scale basic flow. The vertical distributions of the vorticity and divergence perturbations have a phase difference of π/2, indicating the polarization state of gravity waves. The analyses on the sources and sinks of gravity waves by the non-hydrostatic wave equation show that the main forcing term for orographic gravity waves is the second-order nonlinear term, whose magnitude mainly depends on the nonlinear thermal forcing. This term is mainly related to the vertical transport of potential temperature perturbations. During the snowfall, the potential temperature perturbations are mainly caused by the topographic relief and the release of condensation latent heat. Therefore, the gravity waves in this snowfall are caused by the topographic forcing and condensation latent heating. © Higher Education Press 2022 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract The characteristics of the mesoscale gravity waves during a snowfall event on November 30, 2018 over the Ili Valley and the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains are analyzed based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model simulation. The vertical distribution of Ro is similar to that of the residual of the nonlinear balance equation (ΔNBE), with their high-value areas located over the leeward slope and the fluctuations extending upwardly with time, indicating the characteristics of strong ageostrophy and non-equilibrium of atmospheric motions. In addition, the Ro and ΔNBE are first developed in the lower layers over the leeward slope, revealing that the generation of the gravity waves is closely related to the topography. Thus, the topographic uplifting greatly affects this snowfall, and the ageostrophic motion in the whole troposphere and the lower stratosphere, as well as the unbalanced motions between convergence and divergence over the peak and the leeward slope are conductive to the development of the inertia-gravity waves. In terms of the horizontal scale of the gravity waves, the Barnes’ bandpass filter is applied to separate the mesoscale waves and the synoptic-scale basic flow. The vertical distributions of the vorticity and divergence perturbations have a phase difference of π/2, indicating the polarization state of gravity waves. The analyses on the sources and sinks of gravity waves by the non-hydrostatic wave equation show that the main forcing term for orographic gravity waves is the second-order nonlinear term, whose magnitude mainly depends on the nonlinear thermal forcing. This term is mainly related to the vertical transport of potential temperature perturbations. During the snowfall, the potential temperature perturbations are mainly caused by the topographic relief and the release of condensation latent heat. Therefore, the gravity waves in this snowfall are caused by the topographic forcing and condensation latent heating. © Higher Education Press 2022 |
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Characteristics for the sources and sinks of gravity waves in an orographic heavy snowfall event |
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The vertical distributions of the vorticity and divergence perturbations have a phase difference of π/2, indicating the polarization state of gravity waves. The analyses on the sources and sinks of gravity waves by the non-hydrostatic wave equation show that the main forcing term for orographic gravity waves is the second-order nonlinear term, whose magnitude mainly depends on the nonlinear thermal forcing. This term is mainly related to the vertical transport of potential temperature perturbations. During the snowfall, the potential temperature perturbations are mainly caused by the topographic relief and the release of condensation latent heat. 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