Rheological behavior of 10W40 base oil containing different combinations of MWCNT-$ Al_{2} %$ O_{3} $ nanoparticles and determination of the target nano-lubricant for industrial applications

Abstract The main goal of this research is to compare the rheological behavior of hybrid nano lubricants (HNLs) with different composition ratios in a base oil. The purpose of the comparison is to determine the HNL with the best lubrication performance at the start of the vehicle. Theoretical method...
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Autor*in:	Hemmat Esfe, Mohammad [verfasserIn] Alidoust, Soheyl Hatami, Hossein Toghraie, Davood

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	Hybrid nano-lubricant (HNL) MWCNT Comparative study Rheological behavior Response surface methodology (RSM)

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s) 2023

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Micro and Nano Systems Letters - Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2013, 11(2023), 1 vom: 31. Okt.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:11 ; year:2023 ; number:1 ; day:31 ; month:10

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s40486-023-00179-6

Katalog-ID:	SPR053593812

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520			\|a Abstract The main goal of this research is to compare the rheological behavior of hybrid nano lubricants (HNLs) with different composition ratios in a base oil. The purpose of the comparison is to determine the HNL with the best lubrication performance at the start of the vehicle. Theoretical methods have confirmed the non-Newtonian behavior in different laboratory conditions. HNLs with the composition ratio of 30:70 and 25:75 had the highest percentage of increase and decrease in viscosity, respectively 34.97% and − 1.85% at T = 55 °C, shear rate SR = 6665 $ s^{−1} $ and solid volume fraction SVF = 1% and T = 5 °C, SR = 3999 $ s^{−1} $ and SVF = 0.05%. To predict the viscosity of the desired HNL, in the RSM, a special model with an accuracy of $ R^{2} $ = 0.9997 has been used. The margin of deviation (MOD) is determined in the range of − 3.43% < MOD < 4.75%. Viscosity sensitivity analysis shows that the greatest sensitivity will result from SVF changes at high SVFs. The experimental results of this study will introduce the optimal nano polishing to the craftsmen, and the theoretical part of this study will save the researchers from spending time and excessive economic costs.
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allfields	10.1186/s40486-023-00179-6 doi (DE-627)SPR053593812 (SPR)s40486-023-00179-6-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Hemmat Esfe, Mohammad verfasserin aut Rheological behavior of 10W40 base oil containing different combinations of MWCNT-$ Al_{2} %$ O_{3} $ nanoparticles and determination of the target nano-lubricant for industrial applications 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Abstract The main goal of this research is to compare the rheological behavior of hybrid nano lubricants (HNLs) with different composition ratios in a base oil. The purpose of the comparison is to determine the HNL with the best lubrication performance at the start of the vehicle. Theoretical methods have confirmed the non-Newtonian behavior in different laboratory conditions. HNLs with the composition ratio of 30:70 and 25:75 had the highest percentage of increase and decrease in viscosity, respectively 34.97% and − 1.85% at T = 55 °C, shear rate SR = 6665 $ s^{−1} $ and solid volume fraction SVF = 1% and T = 5 °C, SR = 3999 $ s^{−1} $ and SVF = 0.05%. To predict the viscosity of the desired HNL, in the RSM, a special model with an accuracy of $ R^{2} $ = 0.9997 has been used. The margin of deviation (MOD) is determined in the range of − 3.43% < MOD < 4.75%. Viscosity sensitivity analysis shows that the greatest sensitivity will result from SVF changes at high SVFs. The experimental results of this study will introduce the optimal nano polishing to the craftsmen, and the theoretical part of this study will save the researchers from spending time and excessive economic costs. Hybrid nano-lubricant (HNL) (dpeaa)DE-He213 MWCNT (dpeaa)DE-He213 Comparative study (dpeaa)DE-He213 Rheological behavior (dpeaa)DE-He213 Response surface methodology (RSM) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Alidoust, Soheyl aut Hatami, Hossein aut Toghraie, Davood (orcid)0000-0003-3344-8920 aut Enthalten in Micro and Nano Systems Letters Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2013 11(2023), 1 vom: 31. Okt. (DE-627)757132898 (DE-600)2728392-6 2213-9621 nnns volume:11 year:2023 number:1 day:31 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40486-023-00179-6 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2023 1 31 10
spelling	10.1186/s40486-023-00179-6 doi (DE-627)SPR053593812 (SPR)s40486-023-00179-6-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Hemmat Esfe, Mohammad verfasserin aut Rheological behavior of 10W40 base oil containing different combinations of MWCNT-$ Al_{2} %$ O_{3} $ nanoparticles and determination of the target nano-lubricant for industrial applications 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Abstract The main goal of this research is to compare the rheological behavior of hybrid nano lubricants (HNLs) with different composition ratios in a base oil. The purpose of the comparison is to determine the HNL with the best lubrication performance at the start of the vehicle. Theoretical methods have confirmed the non-Newtonian behavior in different laboratory conditions. HNLs with the composition ratio of 30:70 and 25:75 had the highest percentage of increase and decrease in viscosity, respectively 34.97% and − 1.85% at T = 55 °C, shear rate SR = 6665 $ s^{−1} $ and solid volume fraction SVF = 1% and T = 5 °C, SR = 3999 $ s^{−1} $ and SVF = 0.05%. To predict the viscosity of the desired HNL, in the RSM, a special model with an accuracy of $ R^{2} $ = 0.9997 has been used. The margin of deviation (MOD) is determined in the range of − 3.43% < MOD < 4.75%. Viscosity sensitivity analysis shows that the greatest sensitivity will result from SVF changes at high SVFs. The experimental results of this study will introduce the optimal nano polishing to the craftsmen, and the theoretical part of this study will save the researchers from spending time and excessive economic costs. Hybrid nano-lubricant (HNL) (dpeaa)DE-He213 MWCNT (dpeaa)DE-He213 Comparative study (dpeaa)DE-He213 Rheological behavior (dpeaa)DE-He213 Response surface methodology (RSM) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Alidoust, Soheyl aut Hatami, Hossein aut Toghraie, Davood (orcid)0000-0003-3344-8920 aut Enthalten in Micro and Nano Systems Letters Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2013 11(2023), 1 vom: 31. Okt. (DE-627)757132898 (DE-600)2728392-6 2213-9621 nnns volume:11 year:2023 number:1 day:31 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40486-023-00179-6 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2023 1 31 10
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s40486-023-00179-6 doi (DE-627)SPR053593812 (SPR)s40486-023-00179-6-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Hemmat Esfe, Mohammad verfasserin aut Rheological behavior of 10W40 base oil containing different combinations of MWCNT-$ Al_{2} %$ O_{3} $ nanoparticles and determination of the target nano-lubricant for industrial applications 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Abstract The main goal of this research is to compare the rheological behavior of hybrid nano lubricants (HNLs) with different composition ratios in a base oil. The purpose of the comparison is to determine the HNL with the best lubrication performance at the start of the vehicle. Theoretical methods have confirmed the non-Newtonian behavior in different laboratory conditions. HNLs with the composition ratio of 30:70 and 25:75 had the highest percentage of increase and decrease in viscosity, respectively 34.97% and − 1.85% at T = 55 °C, shear rate SR = 6665 $ s^{−1} $ and solid volume fraction SVF = 1% and T = 5 °C, SR = 3999 $ s^{−1} $ and SVF = 0.05%. To predict the viscosity of the desired HNL, in the RSM, a special model with an accuracy of $ R^{2} $ = 0.9997 has been used. The margin of deviation (MOD) is determined in the range of − 3.43% < MOD < 4.75%. Viscosity sensitivity analysis shows that the greatest sensitivity will result from SVF changes at high SVFs. The experimental results of this study will introduce the optimal nano polishing to the craftsmen, and the theoretical part of this study will save the researchers from spending time and excessive economic costs. Hybrid nano-lubricant (HNL) (dpeaa)DE-He213 MWCNT (dpeaa)DE-He213 Comparative study (dpeaa)DE-He213 Rheological behavior (dpeaa)DE-He213 Response surface methodology (RSM) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Alidoust, Soheyl aut Hatami, Hossein aut Toghraie, Davood (orcid)0000-0003-3344-8920 aut Enthalten in Micro and Nano Systems Letters Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2013 11(2023), 1 vom: 31. Okt. (DE-627)757132898 (DE-600)2728392-6 2213-9621 nnns volume:11 year:2023 number:1 day:31 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40486-023-00179-6 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2023 1 31 10
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s40486-023-00179-6 doi (DE-627)SPR053593812 (SPR)s40486-023-00179-6-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Hemmat Esfe, Mohammad verfasserin aut Rheological behavior of 10W40 base oil containing different combinations of MWCNT-$ Al_{2} %$ O_{3} $ nanoparticles and determination of the target nano-lubricant for industrial applications 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Abstract The main goal of this research is to compare the rheological behavior of hybrid nano lubricants (HNLs) with different composition ratios in a base oil. The purpose of the comparison is to determine the HNL with the best lubrication performance at the start of the vehicle. Theoretical methods have confirmed the non-Newtonian behavior in different laboratory conditions. HNLs with the composition ratio of 30:70 and 25:75 had the highest percentage of increase and decrease in viscosity, respectively 34.97% and − 1.85% at T = 55 °C, shear rate SR = 6665 $ s^{−1} $ and solid volume fraction SVF = 1% and T = 5 °C, SR = 3999 $ s^{−1} $ and SVF = 0.05%. To predict the viscosity of the desired HNL, in the RSM, a special model with an accuracy of $ R^{2} $ = 0.9997 has been used. The margin of deviation (MOD) is determined in the range of − 3.43% < MOD < 4.75%. Viscosity sensitivity analysis shows that the greatest sensitivity will result from SVF changes at high SVFs. The experimental results of this study will introduce the optimal nano polishing to the craftsmen, and the theoretical part of this study will save the researchers from spending time and excessive economic costs. Hybrid nano-lubricant (HNL) (dpeaa)DE-He213 MWCNT (dpeaa)DE-He213 Comparative study (dpeaa)DE-He213 Rheological behavior (dpeaa)DE-He213 Response surface methodology (RSM) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Alidoust, Soheyl aut Hatami, Hossein aut Toghraie, Davood (orcid)0000-0003-3344-8920 aut Enthalten in Micro and Nano Systems Letters Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2013 11(2023), 1 vom: 31. Okt. (DE-627)757132898 (DE-600)2728392-6 2213-9621 nnns volume:11 year:2023 number:1 day:31 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40486-023-00179-6 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2023 1 31 10
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s40486-023-00179-6 doi (DE-627)SPR053593812 (SPR)s40486-023-00179-6-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Hemmat Esfe, Mohammad verfasserin aut Rheological behavior of 10W40 base oil containing different combinations of MWCNT-$ Al_{2} %$ O_{3} $ nanoparticles and determination of the target nano-lubricant for industrial applications 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Abstract The main goal of this research is to compare the rheological behavior of hybrid nano lubricants (HNLs) with different composition ratios in a base oil. The purpose of the comparison is to determine the HNL with the best lubrication performance at the start of the vehicle. Theoretical methods have confirmed the non-Newtonian behavior in different laboratory conditions. HNLs with the composition ratio of 30:70 and 25:75 had the highest percentage of increase and decrease in viscosity, respectively 34.97% and − 1.85% at T = 55 °C, shear rate SR = 6665 $ s^{−1} $ and solid volume fraction SVF = 1% and T = 5 °C, SR = 3999 $ s^{−1} $ and SVF = 0.05%. To predict the viscosity of the desired HNL, in the RSM, a special model with an accuracy of $ R^{2} $ = 0.9997 has been used. The margin of deviation (MOD) is determined in the range of − 3.43% < MOD < 4.75%. Viscosity sensitivity analysis shows that the greatest sensitivity will result from SVF changes at high SVFs. The experimental results of this study will introduce the optimal nano polishing to the craftsmen, and the theoretical part of this study will save the researchers from spending time and excessive economic costs. Hybrid nano-lubricant (HNL) (dpeaa)DE-He213 MWCNT (dpeaa)DE-He213 Comparative study (dpeaa)DE-He213 Rheological behavior (dpeaa)DE-He213 Response surface methodology (RSM) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Alidoust, Soheyl aut Hatami, Hossein aut Toghraie, Davood (orcid)0000-0003-3344-8920 aut Enthalten in Micro and Nano Systems Letters Berlin : SpringerOpen, 2013 11(2023), 1 vom: 31. Okt. (DE-627)757132898 (DE-600)2728392-6 2213-9621 nnns volume:11 year:2023 number:1 day:31 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40486-023-00179-6 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2023 1 31 10
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author	Hemmat Esfe, Mohammad
spellingShingle	Hemmat Esfe, Mohammad misc Hybrid nano-lubricant (HNL) misc MWCNT misc Comparative study misc Rheological behavior misc Response surface methodology (RSM) Rheological behavior of 10W40 base oil containing different combinations of MWCNT-$ Al_{2} %$ O_{3} $ nanoparticles and determination of the target nano-lubricant for industrial applications
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topic_title	Rheological behavior of 10W40 base oil containing different combinations of MWCNT-$ Al_{2} %$ O_{3} $ nanoparticles and determination of the target nano-lubricant for industrial applications Hybrid nano-lubricant (HNL) (dpeaa)DE-He213 MWCNT (dpeaa)DE-He213 Comparative study (dpeaa)DE-He213 Rheological behavior (dpeaa)DE-He213 Response surface methodology (RSM) (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Hybrid nano-lubricant (HNL) misc MWCNT misc Comparative study misc Rheological behavior misc Response surface methodology (RSM)
topic_unstemmed	misc Hybrid nano-lubricant (HNL) misc MWCNT misc Comparative study misc Rheological behavior misc Response surface methodology (RSM)
topic_browse	misc Hybrid nano-lubricant (HNL) misc MWCNT misc Comparative study misc Rheological behavior misc Response surface methodology (RSM)
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title	Rheological behavior of 10W40 base oil containing different combinations of MWCNT-$ Al_{2} %$ O_{3} $ nanoparticles and determination of the target nano-lubricant for industrial applications
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title_full	Rheological behavior of 10W40 base oil containing different combinations of MWCNT-$ Al_{2} %$ O_{3} $ nanoparticles and determination of the target nano-lubricant for industrial applications
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author_browse	Hemmat Esfe, Mohammad Alidoust, Soheyl Hatami, Hossein Toghraie, Davood
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title_sort	rheological behavior of 10w40 base oil containing different combinations of mwcnt-$ al_{2} %$ o_{3} $ nanoparticles and determination of the target nano-lubricant for industrial applications
title_auth	Rheological behavior of 10W40 base oil containing different combinations of MWCNT-$ Al_{2} %$ O_{3} $ nanoparticles and determination of the target nano-lubricant for industrial applications
abstract	Abstract The main goal of this research is to compare the rheological behavior of hybrid nano lubricants (HNLs) with different composition ratios in a base oil. The purpose of the comparison is to determine the HNL with the best lubrication performance at the start of the vehicle. Theoretical methods have confirmed the non-Newtonian behavior in different laboratory conditions. HNLs with the composition ratio of 30:70 and 25:75 had the highest percentage of increase and decrease in viscosity, respectively 34.97% and − 1.85% at T = 55 °C, shear rate SR = 6665 $ s^{−1} $ and solid volume fraction SVF = 1% and T = 5 °C, SR = 3999 $ s^{−1} $ and SVF = 0.05%. To predict the viscosity of the desired HNL, in the RSM, a special model with an accuracy of $ R^{2} $ = 0.9997 has been used. The margin of deviation (MOD) is determined in the range of − 3.43% < MOD < 4.75%. Viscosity sensitivity analysis shows that the greatest sensitivity will result from SVF changes at high SVFs. The experimental results of this study will introduce the optimal nano polishing to the craftsmen, and the theoretical part of this study will save the researchers from spending time and excessive economic costs. © The Author(s) 2023
abstractGer	Abstract The main goal of this research is to compare the rheological behavior of hybrid nano lubricants (HNLs) with different composition ratios in a base oil. The purpose of the comparison is to determine the HNL with the best lubrication performance at the start of the vehicle. Theoretical methods have confirmed the non-Newtonian behavior in different laboratory conditions. HNLs with the composition ratio of 30:70 and 25:75 had the highest percentage of increase and decrease in viscosity, respectively 34.97% and − 1.85% at T = 55 °C, shear rate SR = 6665 $ s^{−1} $ and solid volume fraction SVF = 1% and T = 5 °C, SR = 3999 $ s^{−1} $ and SVF = 0.05%. To predict the viscosity of the desired HNL, in the RSM, a special model with an accuracy of $ R^{2} $ = 0.9997 has been used. The margin of deviation (MOD) is determined in the range of − 3.43% < MOD < 4.75%. Viscosity sensitivity analysis shows that the greatest sensitivity will result from SVF changes at high SVFs. The experimental results of this study will introduce the optimal nano polishing to the craftsmen, and the theoretical part of this study will save the researchers from spending time and excessive economic costs. © The Author(s) 2023
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract The main goal of this research is to compare the rheological behavior of hybrid nano lubricants (HNLs) with different composition ratios in a base oil. The purpose of the comparison is to determine the HNL with the best lubrication performance at the start of the vehicle. Theoretical methods have confirmed the non-Newtonian behavior in different laboratory conditions. HNLs with the composition ratio of 30:70 and 25:75 had the highest percentage of increase and decrease in viscosity, respectively 34.97% and − 1.85% at T = 55 °C, shear rate SR = 6665 $ s^{−1} $ and solid volume fraction SVF = 1% and T = 5 °C, SR = 3999 $ s^{−1} $ and SVF = 0.05%. To predict the viscosity of the desired HNL, in the RSM, a special model with an accuracy of $ R^{2} $ = 0.9997 has been used. The margin of deviation (MOD) is determined in the range of − 3.43% < MOD < 4.75%. Viscosity sensitivity analysis shows that the greatest sensitivity will result from SVF changes at high SVFs. The experimental results of this study will introduce the optimal nano polishing to the craftsmen, and the theoretical part of this study will save the researchers from spending time and excessive economic costs. © The Author(s) 2023
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title_short	Rheological behavior of 10W40 base oil containing different combinations of MWCNT-$ Al_{2} %$ O_{3} $ nanoparticles and determination of the target nano-lubricant for industrial applications
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40486-023-00179-6
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Rheological behavior of 10W40 base oil containing different combinations of MWCNT-$ Al_{2} %$ O_{3} $ nanoparticles and determination of the target nano-lubricant for industrial applications

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