An empirical comparison of ethnic and gender diversity of DevOps and non-DevOps contributions to open-source projects
Abstract Diversity has been recognized as a high-value team characteristic. Both open-source and proprietary software organizations have been investing heavily in creating more diverse teams. Prior work has raised diversity concerns about open-source communities; however, to the best of our knowledg...
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| Autor*in: |
Weeraddana, Nimmi Rashinika [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2023 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Empirical software engineering - Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1996, 28(2023), 6 vom: Nov. |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:28 ; year:2023 ; number:6 ; month:11 |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s10664-023-10394-9 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
SPR053693221 |
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| 245 | 1 | 3 | |a An empirical comparison of ethnic and gender diversity of DevOps and non-DevOps contributions to open-source projects |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Diversity has been recognized as a high-value team characteristic. Both open-source and proprietary software organizations have been investing heavily in creating more diverse teams. Prior work has raised diversity concerns about open-source communities; however, to the best of our knowledge, it is not yet clear if those diversity concerns permeate across all of the subteams of the project. Studying diversity in subteams would provide more detailed empirical evidence about the role of diversity in software development teams. Therefore, we perform an empirical study on 110,336 developers who contributed to artifacts of 450 large and thriving open-source projects. We opt to study diversity of the DevOps team because it plays a central role in a project. In particular, we analyze the perceptible ethnic and gender diversity among DevOps contributors to open-source, and we ground our analysis in a comparison to non-DevOps contributors. Overall, our results show that, with respect to perceptible ethnic diversity, contributors with perceptibly White names in a project are the majority of DevOps contributors (median = 87.70%) and non-DevOps contributors (median = 85.50%). With respect to gender diversity, contributors who are perceptible as men in a project are the majority of DevOps contributors (median = 93.75%) and non-DevOps contributors (median = 92.82%). We statistically measure the perceptible ethnic and gender diversity of both DevOps and non-DevOps contributors using diversity metrics, and we find that the diversity of DevOps contributors is significantly less than that of non-DevOps contributors. When analyzing the distribution of diversity change as projects evolve, we find that contributors perceptible as non-Whites (such as Hispanic and Black) are greatly underrepresented. Although the percentage of contributors perceptible as White is decreasing over time, the percentage of contributors perceptible as non-White is still low, i.e., it varies between 0%–16.02% for DevOps and 0%–18.77% for non-DevOps. We observe similar results for gender diversity, where contributors perceptible as men dominate over contributors perceptible as women. Our study provides empirical evidence contributing towards a better understanding of diversity aspects from a different perspective (DevOps vs. non-DevOps contributors). Our findings call for higher awareness, not only of the overall diversity but also of the diversity in specific subteams of the project. | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Alfadel, Mahmoud |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a McIntosh, Shane |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Nagappan, Meiyappan |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s10664-023-10394-9 doi (DE-627)SPR053693221 (SPR)s10664-023-10394-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Weeraddana, Nimmi Rashinika verfasserin aut An empirical comparison of ethnic and gender diversity of DevOps and non-DevOps contributions to open-source projects 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract Diversity has been recognized as a high-value team characteristic. Both open-source and proprietary software organizations have been investing heavily in creating more diverse teams. Prior work has raised diversity concerns about open-source communities; however, to the best of our knowledge, it is not yet clear if those diversity concerns permeate across all of the subteams of the project. Studying diversity in subteams would provide more detailed empirical evidence about the role of diversity in software development teams. Therefore, we perform an empirical study on 110,336 developers who contributed to artifacts of 450 large and thriving open-source projects. We opt to study diversity of the DevOps team because it plays a central role in a project. In particular, we analyze the perceptible ethnic and gender diversity among DevOps contributors to open-source, and we ground our analysis in a comparison to non-DevOps contributors. Overall, our results show that, with respect to perceptible ethnic diversity, contributors with perceptibly White names in a project are the majority of DevOps contributors (median = 87.70%) and non-DevOps contributors (median = 85.50%). With respect to gender diversity, contributors who are perceptible as men in a project are the majority of DevOps contributors (median = 93.75%) and non-DevOps contributors (median = 92.82%). We statistically measure the perceptible ethnic and gender diversity of both DevOps and non-DevOps contributors using diversity metrics, and we find that the diversity of DevOps contributors is significantly less than that of non-DevOps contributors. When analyzing the distribution of diversity change as projects evolve, we find that contributors perceptible as non-Whites (such as Hispanic and Black) are greatly underrepresented. Although the percentage of contributors perceptible as White is decreasing over time, the percentage of contributors perceptible as non-White is still low, i.e., it varies between 0%–16.02% for DevOps and 0%–18.77% for non-DevOps. We observe similar results for gender diversity, where contributors perceptible as men dominate over contributors perceptible as women. Our study provides empirical evidence contributing towards a better understanding of diversity aspects from a different perspective (DevOps vs. non-DevOps contributors). Our findings call for higher awareness, not only of the overall diversity but also of the diversity in specific subteams of the project. DevOps (dpeaa)DE-He213 Diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ethnicity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gender (dpeaa)DE-He213 Diversity metrics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Xu, Xiaoyan aut Alfadel, Mahmoud aut McIntosh, Shane aut Nagappan, Meiyappan aut Enthalten in Empirical software engineering Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1996 28(2023), 6 vom: Nov. (DE-627)271350032 (DE-600)1479898-0 1573-7616 nnns volume:28 year:2023 number:6 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10664-023-10394-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 28 2023 6 11 |
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10.1007/s10664-023-10394-9 doi (DE-627)SPR053693221 (SPR)s10664-023-10394-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Weeraddana, Nimmi Rashinika verfasserin aut An empirical comparison of ethnic and gender diversity of DevOps and non-DevOps contributions to open-source projects 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract Diversity has been recognized as a high-value team characteristic. Both open-source and proprietary software organizations have been investing heavily in creating more diverse teams. Prior work has raised diversity concerns about open-source communities; however, to the best of our knowledge, it is not yet clear if those diversity concerns permeate across all of the subteams of the project. Studying diversity in subteams would provide more detailed empirical evidence about the role of diversity in software development teams. Therefore, we perform an empirical study on 110,336 developers who contributed to artifacts of 450 large and thriving open-source projects. We opt to study diversity of the DevOps team because it plays a central role in a project. In particular, we analyze the perceptible ethnic and gender diversity among DevOps contributors to open-source, and we ground our analysis in a comparison to non-DevOps contributors. Overall, our results show that, with respect to perceptible ethnic diversity, contributors with perceptibly White names in a project are the majority of DevOps contributors (median = 87.70%) and non-DevOps contributors (median = 85.50%). With respect to gender diversity, contributors who are perceptible as men in a project are the majority of DevOps contributors (median = 93.75%) and non-DevOps contributors (median = 92.82%). We statistically measure the perceptible ethnic and gender diversity of both DevOps and non-DevOps contributors using diversity metrics, and we find that the diversity of DevOps contributors is significantly less than that of non-DevOps contributors. When analyzing the distribution of diversity change as projects evolve, we find that contributors perceptible as non-Whites (such as Hispanic and Black) are greatly underrepresented. Although the percentage of contributors perceptible as White is decreasing over time, the percentage of contributors perceptible as non-White is still low, i.e., it varies between 0%–16.02% for DevOps and 0%–18.77% for non-DevOps. We observe similar results for gender diversity, where contributors perceptible as men dominate over contributors perceptible as women. Our study provides empirical evidence contributing towards a better understanding of diversity aspects from a different perspective (DevOps vs. non-DevOps contributors). Our findings call for higher awareness, not only of the overall diversity but also of the diversity in specific subteams of the project. DevOps (dpeaa)DE-He213 Diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ethnicity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gender (dpeaa)DE-He213 Diversity metrics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Xu, Xiaoyan aut Alfadel, Mahmoud aut McIntosh, Shane aut Nagappan, Meiyappan aut Enthalten in Empirical software engineering Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1996 28(2023), 6 vom: Nov. (DE-627)271350032 (DE-600)1479898-0 1573-7616 nnns volume:28 year:2023 number:6 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10664-023-10394-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 28 2023 6 11 |
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10.1007/s10664-023-10394-9 doi (DE-627)SPR053693221 (SPR)s10664-023-10394-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Weeraddana, Nimmi Rashinika verfasserin aut An empirical comparison of ethnic and gender diversity of DevOps and non-DevOps contributions to open-source projects 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract Diversity has been recognized as a high-value team characteristic. Both open-source and proprietary software organizations have been investing heavily in creating more diverse teams. Prior work has raised diversity concerns about open-source communities; however, to the best of our knowledge, it is not yet clear if those diversity concerns permeate across all of the subteams of the project. Studying diversity in subteams would provide more detailed empirical evidence about the role of diversity in software development teams. Therefore, we perform an empirical study on 110,336 developers who contributed to artifacts of 450 large and thriving open-source projects. We opt to study diversity of the DevOps team because it plays a central role in a project. In particular, we analyze the perceptible ethnic and gender diversity among DevOps contributors to open-source, and we ground our analysis in a comparison to non-DevOps contributors. Overall, our results show that, with respect to perceptible ethnic diversity, contributors with perceptibly White names in a project are the majority of DevOps contributors (median = 87.70%) and non-DevOps contributors (median = 85.50%). With respect to gender diversity, contributors who are perceptible as men in a project are the majority of DevOps contributors (median = 93.75%) and non-DevOps contributors (median = 92.82%). We statistically measure the perceptible ethnic and gender diversity of both DevOps and non-DevOps contributors using diversity metrics, and we find that the diversity of DevOps contributors is significantly less than that of non-DevOps contributors. When analyzing the distribution of diversity change as projects evolve, we find that contributors perceptible as non-Whites (such as Hispanic and Black) are greatly underrepresented. Although the percentage of contributors perceptible as White is decreasing over time, the percentage of contributors perceptible as non-White is still low, i.e., it varies between 0%–16.02% for DevOps and 0%–18.77% for non-DevOps. We observe similar results for gender diversity, where contributors perceptible as men dominate over contributors perceptible as women. Our study provides empirical evidence contributing towards a better understanding of diversity aspects from a different perspective (DevOps vs. non-DevOps contributors). Our findings call for higher awareness, not only of the overall diversity but also of the diversity in specific subteams of the project. DevOps (dpeaa)DE-He213 Diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ethnicity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gender (dpeaa)DE-He213 Diversity metrics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Xu, Xiaoyan aut Alfadel, Mahmoud aut McIntosh, Shane aut Nagappan, Meiyappan aut Enthalten in Empirical software engineering Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1996 28(2023), 6 vom: Nov. (DE-627)271350032 (DE-600)1479898-0 1573-7616 nnns volume:28 year:2023 number:6 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10664-023-10394-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 28 2023 6 11 |
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10.1007/s10664-023-10394-9 doi (DE-627)SPR053693221 (SPR)s10664-023-10394-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Weeraddana, Nimmi Rashinika verfasserin aut An empirical comparison of ethnic and gender diversity of DevOps and non-DevOps contributions to open-source projects 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract Diversity has been recognized as a high-value team characteristic. Both open-source and proprietary software organizations have been investing heavily in creating more diverse teams. Prior work has raised diversity concerns about open-source communities; however, to the best of our knowledge, it is not yet clear if those diversity concerns permeate across all of the subteams of the project. Studying diversity in subteams would provide more detailed empirical evidence about the role of diversity in software development teams. Therefore, we perform an empirical study on 110,336 developers who contributed to artifacts of 450 large and thriving open-source projects. We opt to study diversity of the DevOps team because it plays a central role in a project. In particular, we analyze the perceptible ethnic and gender diversity among DevOps contributors to open-source, and we ground our analysis in a comparison to non-DevOps contributors. Overall, our results show that, with respect to perceptible ethnic diversity, contributors with perceptibly White names in a project are the majority of DevOps contributors (median = 87.70%) and non-DevOps contributors (median = 85.50%). With respect to gender diversity, contributors who are perceptible as men in a project are the majority of DevOps contributors (median = 93.75%) and non-DevOps contributors (median = 92.82%). We statistically measure the perceptible ethnic and gender diversity of both DevOps and non-DevOps contributors using diversity metrics, and we find that the diversity of DevOps contributors is significantly less than that of non-DevOps contributors. When analyzing the distribution of diversity change as projects evolve, we find that contributors perceptible as non-Whites (such as Hispanic and Black) are greatly underrepresented. Although the percentage of contributors perceptible as White is decreasing over time, the percentage of contributors perceptible as non-White is still low, i.e., it varies between 0%–16.02% for DevOps and 0%–18.77% for non-DevOps. We observe similar results for gender diversity, where contributors perceptible as men dominate over contributors perceptible as women. Our study provides empirical evidence contributing towards a better understanding of diversity aspects from a different perspective (DevOps vs. non-DevOps contributors). Our findings call for higher awareness, not only of the overall diversity but also of the diversity in specific subteams of the project. DevOps (dpeaa)DE-He213 Diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ethnicity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gender (dpeaa)DE-He213 Diversity metrics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Xu, Xiaoyan aut Alfadel, Mahmoud aut McIntosh, Shane aut Nagappan, Meiyappan aut Enthalten in Empirical software engineering Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1996 28(2023), 6 vom: Nov. (DE-627)271350032 (DE-600)1479898-0 1573-7616 nnns volume:28 year:2023 number:6 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10664-023-10394-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 28 2023 6 11 |
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10.1007/s10664-023-10394-9 doi (DE-627)SPR053693221 (SPR)s10664-023-10394-9-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Weeraddana, Nimmi Rashinika verfasserin aut An empirical comparison of ethnic and gender diversity of DevOps and non-DevOps contributions to open-source projects 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract Diversity has been recognized as a high-value team characteristic. Both open-source and proprietary software organizations have been investing heavily in creating more diverse teams. Prior work has raised diversity concerns about open-source communities; however, to the best of our knowledge, it is not yet clear if those diversity concerns permeate across all of the subteams of the project. Studying diversity in subteams would provide more detailed empirical evidence about the role of diversity in software development teams. Therefore, we perform an empirical study on 110,336 developers who contributed to artifacts of 450 large and thriving open-source projects. We opt to study diversity of the DevOps team because it plays a central role in a project. In particular, we analyze the perceptible ethnic and gender diversity among DevOps contributors to open-source, and we ground our analysis in a comparison to non-DevOps contributors. Overall, our results show that, with respect to perceptible ethnic diversity, contributors with perceptibly White names in a project are the majority of DevOps contributors (median = 87.70%) and non-DevOps contributors (median = 85.50%). With respect to gender diversity, contributors who are perceptible as men in a project are the majority of DevOps contributors (median = 93.75%) and non-DevOps contributors (median = 92.82%). We statistically measure the perceptible ethnic and gender diversity of both DevOps and non-DevOps contributors using diversity metrics, and we find that the diversity of DevOps contributors is significantly less than that of non-DevOps contributors. When analyzing the distribution of diversity change as projects evolve, we find that contributors perceptible as non-Whites (such as Hispanic and Black) are greatly underrepresented. Although the percentage of contributors perceptible as White is decreasing over time, the percentage of contributors perceptible as non-White is still low, i.e., it varies between 0%–16.02% for DevOps and 0%–18.77% for non-DevOps. We observe similar results for gender diversity, where contributors perceptible as men dominate over contributors perceptible as women. Our study provides empirical evidence contributing towards a better understanding of diversity aspects from a different perspective (DevOps vs. non-DevOps contributors). Our findings call for higher awareness, not only of the overall diversity but also of the diversity in specific subteams of the project. DevOps (dpeaa)DE-He213 Diversity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ethnicity (dpeaa)DE-He213 Gender (dpeaa)DE-He213 Diversity metrics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Xu, Xiaoyan aut Alfadel, Mahmoud aut McIntosh, Shane aut Nagappan, Meiyappan aut Enthalten in Empirical software engineering Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1996 28(2023), 6 vom: Nov. (DE-627)271350032 (DE-600)1479898-0 1573-7616 nnns volume:28 year:2023 number:6 month:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10664-023-10394-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 28 2023 6 11 |
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Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract Diversity has been recognized as a high-value team characteristic. Both open-source and proprietary software organizations have been investing heavily in creating more diverse teams. Prior work has raised diversity concerns about open-source communities; however, to the best of our knowledge, it is not yet clear if those diversity concerns permeate across all of the subteams of the project. Studying diversity in subteams would provide more detailed empirical evidence about the role of diversity in software development teams. Therefore, we perform an empirical study on 110,336 developers who contributed to artifacts of 450 large and thriving open-source projects. We opt to study diversity of the DevOps team because it plays a central role in a project. In particular, we analyze the perceptible ethnic and gender diversity among DevOps contributors to open-source, and we ground our analysis in a comparison to non-DevOps contributors. Overall, our results show that, with respect to perceptible ethnic diversity, contributors with perceptibly White names in a project are the majority of DevOps contributors (median = 87.70%) and non-DevOps contributors (median = 85.50%). With respect to gender diversity, contributors who are perceptible as men in a project are the majority of DevOps contributors (median = 93.75%) and non-DevOps contributors (median = 92.82%). We statistically measure the perceptible ethnic and gender diversity of both DevOps and non-DevOps contributors using diversity metrics, and we find that the diversity of DevOps contributors is significantly less than that of non-DevOps contributors. When analyzing the distribution of diversity change as projects evolve, we find that contributors perceptible as non-Whites (such as Hispanic and Black) are greatly underrepresented. Although the percentage of contributors perceptible as White is decreasing over time, the percentage of contributors perceptible as non-White is still low, i.e., it varies between 0%–16.02% for DevOps and 0%–18.77% for non-DevOps. We observe similar results for gender diversity, where contributors perceptible as men dominate over contributors perceptible as women. Our study provides empirical evidence contributing towards a better understanding of diversity aspects from a different perspective (DevOps vs. non-DevOps contributors). Our findings call for higher awareness, not only of the overall diversity but also of the diversity in specific subteams of the project.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">DevOps</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Diversity</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Ethnicity</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Gender</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Diversity metrics</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Xu, Xiaoyan</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" 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Weeraddana, Nimmi Rashinika |
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empirical comparison of ethnic and gender diversity of devops and non-devops contributions to open-source projects |
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An empirical comparison of ethnic and gender diversity of DevOps and non-DevOps contributions to open-source projects |
| abstract |
Abstract Diversity has been recognized as a high-value team characteristic. Both open-source and proprietary software organizations have been investing heavily in creating more diverse teams. Prior work has raised diversity concerns about open-source communities; however, to the best of our knowledge, it is not yet clear if those diversity concerns permeate across all of the subteams of the project. Studying diversity in subteams would provide more detailed empirical evidence about the role of diversity in software development teams. Therefore, we perform an empirical study on 110,336 developers who contributed to artifacts of 450 large and thriving open-source projects. We opt to study diversity of the DevOps team because it plays a central role in a project. In particular, we analyze the perceptible ethnic and gender diversity among DevOps contributors to open-source, and we ground our analysis in a comparison to non-DevOps contributors. Overall, our results show that, with respect to perceptible ethnic diversity, contributors with perceptibly White names in a project are the majority of DevOps contributors (median = 87.70%) and non-DevOps contributors (median = 85.50%). With respect to gender diversity, contributors who are perceptible as men in a project are the majority of DevOps contributors (median = 93.75%) and non-DevOps contributors (median = 92.82%). We statistically measure the perceptible ethnic and gender diversity of both DevOps and non-DevOps contributors using diversity metrics, and we find that the diversity of DevOps contributors is significantly less than that of non-DevOps contributors. When analyzing the distribution of diversity change as projects evolve, we find that contributors perceptible as non-Whites (such as Hispanic and Black) are greatly underrepresented. Although the percentage of contributors perceptible as White is decreasing over time, the percentage of contributors perceptible as non-White is still low, i.e., it varies between 0%–16.02% for DevOps and 0%–18.77% for non-DevOps. We observe similar results for gender diversity, where contributors perceptible as men dominate over contributors perceptible as women. Our study provides empirical evidence contributing towards a better understanding of diversity aspects from a different perspective (DevOps vs. non-DevOps contributors). Our findings call for higher awareness, not only of the overall diversity but also of the diversity in specific subteams of the project. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
| abstractGer |
Abstract Diversity has been recognized as a high-value team characteristic. Both open-source and proprietary software organizations have been investing heavily in creating more diverse teams. Prior work has raised diversity concerns about open-source communities; however, to the best of our knowledge, it is not yet clear if those diversity concerns permeate across all of the subteams of the project. Studying diversity in subteams would provide more detailed empirical evidence about the role of diversity in software development teams. Therefore, we perform an empirical study on 110,336 developers who contributed to artifacts of 450 large and thriving open-source projects. We opt to study diversity of the DevOps team because it plays a central role in a project. In particular, we analyze the perceptible ethnic and gender diversity among DevOps contributors to open-source, and we ground our analysis in a comparison to non-DevOps contributors. Overall, our results show that, with respect to perceptible ethnic diversity, contributors with perceptibly White names in a project are the majority of DevOps contributors (median = 87.70%) and non-DevOps contributors (median = 85.50%). With respect to gender diversity, contributors who are perceptible as men in a project are the majority of DevOps contributors (median = 93.75%) and non-DevOps contributors (median = 92.82%). We statistically measure the perceptible ethnic and gender diversity of both DevOps and non-DevOps contributors using diversity metrics, and we find that the diversity of DevOps contributors is significantly less than that of non-DevOps contributors. When analyzing the distribution of diversity change as projects evolve, we find that contributors perceptible as non-Whites (such as Hispanic and Black) are greatly underrepresented. Although the percentage of contributors perceptible as White is decreasing over time, the percentage of contributors perceptible as non-White is still low, i.e., it varies between 0%–16.02% for DevOps and 0%–18.77% for non-DevOps. We observe similar results for gender diversity, where contributors perceptible as men dominate over contributors perceptible as women. Our study provides empirical evidence contributing towards a better understanding of diversity aspects from a different perspective (DevOps vs. non-DevOps contributors). Our findings call for higher awareness, not only of the overall diversity but also of the diversity in specific subteams of the project. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract Diversity has been recognized as a high-value team characteristic. Both open-source and proprietary software organizations have been investing heavily in creating more diverse teams. Prior work has raised diversity concerns about open-source communities; however, to the best of our knowledge, it is not yet clear if those diversity concerns permeate across all of the subteams of the project. Studying diversity in subteams would provide more detailed empirical evidence about the role of diversity in software development teams. Therefore, we perform an empirical study on 110,336 developers who contributed to artifacts of 450 large and thriving open-source projects. We opt to study diversity of the DevOps team because it plays a central role in a project. In particular, we analyze the perceptible ethnic and gender diversity among DevOps contributors to open-source, and we ground our analysis in a comparison to non-DevOps contributors. Overall, our results show that, with respect to perceptible ethnic diversity, contributors with perceptibly White names in a project are the majority of DevOps contributors (median = 87.70%) and non-DevOps contributors (median = 85.50%). With respect to gender diversity, contributors who are perceptible as men in a project are the majority of DevOps contributors (median = 93.75%) and non-DevOps contributors (median = 92.82%). We statistically measure the perceptible ethnic and gender diversity of both DevOps and non-DevOps contributors using diversity metrics, and we find that the diversity of DevOps contributors is significantly less than that of non-DevOps contributors. When analyzing the distribution of diversity change as projects evolve, we find that contributors perceptible as non-Whites (such as Hispanic and Black) are greatly underrepresented. Although the percentage of contributors perceptible as White is decreasing over time, the percentage of contributors perceptible as non-White is still low, i.e., it varies between 0%–16.02% for DevOps and 0%–18.77% for non-DevOps. We observe similar results for gender diversity, where contributors perceptible as men dominate over contributors perceptible as women. Our study provides empirical evidence contributing towards a better understanding of diversity aspects from a different perspective (DevOps vs. non-DevOps contributors). Our findings call for higher awareness, not only of the overall diversity but also of the diversity in specific subteams of the project. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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| title_short |
An empirical comparison of ethnic and gender diversity of DevOps and non-DevOps contributions to open-source projects |
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10664-023-10394-9 |
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Xu, Xiaoyan Alfadel, Mahmoud McIntosh, Shane Nagappan, Meiyappan |
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2024-07-03T21:20:53.961Z |
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| score |
7.3995123 |