Highly specific characterization and discrimination of monosodium urate crystals in gouty arthritis based on aggregation-induced emission luminogens

Existing technologies used to detect monosodium urate (MSU) crystals for gout diagnosis are not ideal due to their low sensitivity and complexity of operation. The purpose of this study was to explore whether aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) can be used for highly specific imaging o...
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Autor*in:	Wang, Wenjuan [verfasserIn] Zhang, Guiquan Chen, Ziyi Xu, Hanlin Zhang, Bohan Hu, Rong Qin, Anjun Hua, Yinghui

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	Gout Monosodium urate Hydroxyapatite TPE-Ketoalkyne Aggregation-induced emission Confocal laser scanning microscope imaging

Anmerkung:	© Zhejiang University Press 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Bio-design and manufacturing - Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2018, 6(2023), 6 vom: 13. Okt., Seite 704-717
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:6 ; year:2023 ; number:6 ; day:13 ; month:10 ; pages:704-717

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s42242-023-00252-4

Katalog-ID:	SPR053744810

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245	1	0	\|a Highly specific characterization and discrimination of monosodium urate crystals in gouty arthritis based on aggregation-induced emission luminogens
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520			\|a Existing technologies used to detect monosodium urate (MSU) crystals for gout diagnosis are not ideal due to their low sensitivity and complexity of operation. The purpose of this study was to explore whether aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) can be used for highly specific imaging of MSU crystals to assist in the diagnosis of gout. First, we developed a series of luminogens (i.e., tetraphenyl ethylene (TPE)-$ NH_{2} $, TPE-$ 2NH_{2} $, TPE-$ 4NH_{2} $, TPE-COOH, TPE-2COOH, TPE-4COOH, and TPE-Ketoalkyne), each of which was then evenly mixed with MSU crystals. Next, optimal fluorescence imaging of each of the luminogens was characterized by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). This approach was used for imaging standard samples of MSU, hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals, and mixed samples with 1:1 mass ratio of MSU/HAP. We also imaged samples from mouse models of acute gouty arthritis, HAP deposition disease, and comorbidities of interest. Subsequently, CLSM imaging results were compared with those of compensated polarized light microscopy, and we assessed the biosafety of TPE-Ketoalkyne in the RAW264.7 cell line. Finally, CLSM time series and three-dimensional imaging were performed on MSU crystal samples from human gouty synovial fluid and tophi. As a promising candidate for MSU crystal labeling, TPE-Ketoalkyne was found to detect MSU crystals accurately and rapidly in standard samples, animal samples, and human samples, and could precisely distinguish gout from HAP deposition disease. This work demonstrates that TPE-Ketoalkyne is suitable for highly specific and timely imaging of MSU crystals in gouty arthritis and may facilitate future research on MSU crystal-related diseases. Graphic abstract
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700	1		\|a Hu, Rong \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Qin, Anjun \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Hua, Yinghui \|0 (orcid)0000-0002-0247-7852 \|4 aut
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_150
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_187
912			\|a GBV_ILN_213
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author_variant	w w ww g z gz z c zc h x hx b z bz r h rh a q aq y h yh
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allfields	10.1007/s42242-023-00252-4 doi (DE-627)SPR053744810 (SPR)s42242-023-00252-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Wang, Wenjuan verfasserin aut Highly specific characterization and discrimination of monosodium urate crystals in gouty arthritis based on aggregation-induced emission luminogens 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Zhejiang University Press 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Existing technologies used to detect monosodium urate (MSU) crystals for gout diagnosis are not ideal due to their low sensitivity and complexity of operation. The purpose of this study was to explore whether aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) can be used for highly specific imaging of MSU crystals to assist in the diagnosis of gout. First, we developed a series of luminogens (i.e., tetraphenyl ethylene (TPE)-$ NH_{2} $, TPE-$ 2NH_{2} $, TPE-$ 4NH_{2} $, TPE-COOH, TPE-2COOH, TPE-4COOH, and TPE-Ketoalkyne), each of which was then evenly mixed with MSU crystals. Next, optimal fluorescence imaging of each of the luminogens was characterized by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). This approach was used for imaging standard samples of MSU, hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals, and mixed samples with 1:1 mass ratio of MSU/HAP. We also imaged samples from mouse models of acute gouty arthritis, HAP deposition disease, and comorbidities of interest. Subsequently, CLSM imaging results were compared with those of compensated polarized light microscopy, and we assessed the biosafety of TPE-Ketoalkyne in the RAW264.7 cell line. Finally, CLSM time series and three-dimensional imaging were performed on MSU crystal samples from human gouty synovial fluid and tophi. As a promising candidate for MSU crystal labeling, TPE-Ketoalkyne was found to detect MSU crystals accurately and rapidly in standard samples, animal samples, and human samples, and could precisely distinguish gout from HAP deposition disease. This work demonstrates that TPE-Ketoalkyne is suitable for highly specific and timely imaging of MSU crystals in gouty arthritis and may facilitate future research on MSU crystal-related diseases. Graphic abstract Gout (dpeaa)DE-He213 Monosodium urate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hydroxyapatite (dpeaa)DE-He213 TPE-Ketoalkyne (dpeaa)DE-He213 Aggregation-induced emission (dpeaa)DE-He213 Confocal laser scanning microscope imaging (dpeaa)DE-He213 Zhang, Guiquan aut Chen, Ziyi aut Xu, Hanlin aut Zhang, Bohan aut Hu, Rong aut Qin, Anjun aut Hua, Yinghui (orcid)0000-0002-0247-7852 aut Enthalten in Bio-design and manufacturing Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2018 6(2023), 6 vom: 13. Okt., Seite 704-717 (DE-627)1019335394 (DE-600)2927505-2 2522-8552 nnns volume:6 year:2023 number:6 day:13 month:10 pages:704-717 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42242-023-00252-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2023 6 13 10 704-717
spelling	10.1007/s42242-023-00252-4 doi (DE-627)SPR053744810 (SPR)s42242-023-00252-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Wang, Wenjuan verfasserin aut Highly specific characterization and discrimination of monosodium urate crystals in gouty arthritis based on aggregation-induced emission luminogens 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Zhejiang University Press 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Existing technologies used to detect monosodium urate (MSU) crystals for gout diagnosis are not ideal due to their low sensitivity and complexity of operation. The purpose of this study was to explore whether aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) can be used for highly specific imaging of MSU crystals to assist in the diagnosis of gout. First, we developed a series of luminogens (i.e., tetraphenyl ethylene (TPE)-$ NH_{2} $, TPE-$ 2NH_{2} $, TPE-$ 4NH_{2} $, TPE-COOH, TPE-2COOH, TPE-4COOH, and TPE-Ketoalkyne), each of which was then evenly mixed with MSU crystals. Next, optimal fluorescence imaging of each of the luminogens was characterized by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). This approach was used for imaging standard samples of MSU, hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals, and mixed samples with 1:1 mass ratio of MSU/HAP. We also imaged samples from mouse models of acute gouty arthritis, HAP deposition disease, and comorbidities of interest. Subsequently, CLSM imaging results were compared with those of compensated polarized light microscopy, and we assessed the biosafety of TPE-Ketoalkyne in the RAW264.7 cell line. Finally, CLSM time series and three-dimensional imaging were performed on MSU crystal samples from human gouty synovial fluid and tophi. As a promising candidate for MSU crystal labeling, TPE-Ketoalkyne was found to detect MSU crystals accurately and rapidly in standard samples, animal samples, and human samples, and could precisely distinguish gout from HAP deposition disease. This work demonstrates that TPE-Ketoalkyne is suitable for highly specific and timely imaging of MSU crystals in gouty arthritis and may facilitate future research on MSU crystal-related diseases. Graphic abstract Gout (dpeaa)DE-He213 Monosodium urate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hydroxyapatite (dpeaa)DE-He213 TPE-Ketoalkyne (dpeaa)DE-He213 Aggregation-induced emission (dpeaa)DE-He213 Confocal laser scanning microscope imaging (dpeaa)DE-He213 Zhang, Guiquan aut Chen, Ziyi aut Xu, Hanlin aut Zhang, Bohan aut Hu, Rong aut Qin, Anjun aut Hua, Yinghui (orcid)0000-0002-0247-7852 aut Enthalten in Bio-design and manufacturing Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2018 6(2023), 6 vom: 13. Okt., Seite 704-717 (DE-627)1019335394 (DE-600)2927505-2 2522-8552 nnns volume:6 year:2023 number:6 day:13 month:10 pages:704-717 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42242-023-00252-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2023 6 13 10 704-717
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s42242-023-00252-4 doi (DE-627)SPR053744810 (SPR)s42242-023-00252-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Wang, Wenjuan verfasserin aut Highly specific characterization and discrimination of monosodium urate crystals in gouty arthritis based on aggregation-induced emission luminogens 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Zhejiang University Press 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Existing technologies used to detect monosodium urate (MSU) crystals for gout diagnosis are not ideal due to their low sensitivity and complexity of operation. The purpose of this study was to explore whether aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) can be used for highly specific imaging of MSU crystals to assist in the diagnosis of gout. First, we developed a series of luminogens (i.e., tetraphenyl ethylene (TPE)-$ NH_{2} $, TPE-$ 2NH_{2} $, TPE-$ 4NH_{2} $, TPE-COOH, TPE-2COOH, TPE-4COOH, and TPE-Ketoalkyne), each of which was then evenly mixed with MSU crystals. Next, optimal fluorescence imaging of each of the luminogens was characterized by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). This approach was used for imaging standard samples of MSU, hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals, and mixed samples with 1:1 mass ratio of MSU/HAP. We also imaged samples from mouse models of acute gouty arthritis, HAP deposition disease, and comorbidities of interest. Subsequently, CLSM imaging results were compared with those of compensated polarized light microscopy, and we assessed the biosafety of TPE-Ketoalkyne in the RAW264.7 cell line. Finally, CLSM time series and three-dimensional imaging were performed on MSU crystal samples from human gouty synovial fluid and tophi. As a promising candidate for MSU crystal labeling, TPE-Ketoalkyne was found to detect MSU crystals accurately and rapidly in standard samples, animal samples, and human samples, and could precisely distinguish gout from HAP deposition disease. This work demonstrates that TPE-Ketoalkyne is suitable for highly specific and timely imaging of MSU crystals in gouty arthritis and may facilitate future research on MSU crystal-related diseases. Graphic abstract Gout (dpeaa)DE-He213 Monosodium urate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hydroxyapatite (dpeaa)DE-He213 TPE-Ketoalkyne (dpeaa)DE-He213 Aggregation-induced emission (dpeaa)DE-He213 Confocal laser scanning microscope imaging (dpeaa)DE-He213 Zhang, Guiquan aut Chen, Ziyi aut Xu, Hanlin aut Zhang, Bohan aut Hu, Rong aut Qin, Anjun aut Hua, Yinghui (orcid)0000-0002-0247-7852 aut Enthalten in Bio-design and manufacturing Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2018 6(2023), 6 vom: 13. Okt., Seite 704-717 (DE-627)1019335394 (DE-600)2927505-2 2522-8552 nnns volume:6 year:2023 number:6 day:13 month:10 pages:704-717 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42242-023-00252-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2023 6 13 10 704-717
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s42242-023-00252-4 doi (DE-627)SPR053744810 (SPR)s42242-023-00252-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Wang, Wenjuan verfasserin aut Highly specific characterization and discrimination of monosodium urate crystals in gouty arthritis based on aggregation-induced emission luminogens 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Zhejiang University Press 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Existing technologies used to detect monosodium urate (MSU) crystals for gout diagnosis are not ideal due to their low sensitivity and complexity of operation. The purpose of this study was to explore whether aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) can be used for highly specific imaging of MSU crystals to assist in the diagnosis of gout. First, we developed a series of luminogens (i.e., tetraphenyl ethylene (TPE)-$ NH_{2} $, TPE-$ 2NH_{2} $, TPE-$ 4NH_{2} $, TPE-COOH, TPE-2COOH, TPE-4COOH, and TPE-Ketoalkyne), each of which was then evenly mixed with MSU crystals. Next, optimal fluorescence imaging of each of the luminogens was characterized by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). This approach was used for imaging standard samples of MSU, hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals, and mixed samples with 1:1 mass ratio of MSU/HAP. We also imaged samples from mouse models of acute gouty arthritis, HAP deposition disease, and comorbidities of interest. Subsequently, CLSM imaging results were compared with those of compensated polarized light microscopy, and we assessed the biosafety of TPE-Ketoalkyne in the RAW264.7 cell line. Finally, CLSM time series and three-dimensional imaging were performed on MSU crystal samples from human gouty synovial fluid and tophi. As a promising candidate for MSU crystal labeling, TPE-Ketoalkyne was found to detect MSU crystals accurately and rapidly in standard samples, animal samples, and human samples, and could precisely distinguish gout from HAP deposition disease. This work demonstrates that TPE-Ketoalkyne is suitable for highly specific and timely imaging of MSU crystals in gouty arthritis and may facilitate future research on MSU crystal-related diseases. Graphic abstract Gout (dpeaa)DE-He213 Monosodium urate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hydroxyapatite (dpeaa)DE-He213 TPE-Ketoalkyne (dpeaa)DE-He213 Aggregation-induced emission (dpeaa)DE-He213 Confocal laser scanning microscope imaging (dpeaa)DE-He213 Zhang, Guiquan aut Chen, Ziyi aut Xu, Hanlin aut Zhang, Bohan aut Hu, Rong aut Qin, Anjun aut Hua, Yinghui (orcid)0000-0002-0247-7852 aut Enthalten in Bio-design and manufacturing Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2018 6(2023), 6 vom: 13. Okt., Seite 704-717 (DE-627)1019335394 (DE-600)2927505-2 2522-8552 nnns volume:6 year:2023 number:6 day:13 month:10 pages:704-717 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42242-023-00252-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2023 6 13 10 704-717
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s42242-023-00252-4 doi (DE-627)SPR053744810 (SPR)s42242-023-00252-4-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Wang, Wenjuan verfasserin aut Highly specific characterization and discrimination of monosodium urate crystals in gouty arthritis based on aggregation-induced emission luminogens 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Zhejiang University Press 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Existing technologies used to detect monosodium urate (MSU) crystals for gout diagnosis are not ideal due to their low sensitivity and complexity of operation. The purpose of this study was to explore whether aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) can be used for highly specific imaging of MSU crystals to assist in the diagnosis of gout. First, we developed a series of luminogens (i.e., tetraphenyl ethylene (TPE)-$ NH_{2} $, TPE-$ 2NH_{2} $, TPE-$ 4NH_{2} $, TPE-COOH, TPE-2COOH, TPE-4COOH, and TPE-Ketoalkyne), each of which was then evenly mixed with MSU crystals. Next, optimal fluorescence imaging of each of the luminogens was characterized by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). This approach was used for imaging standard samples of MSU, hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals, and mixed samples with 1:1 mass ratio of MSU/HAP. We also imaged samples from mouse models of acute gouty arthritis, HAP deposition disease, and comorbidities of interest. Subsequently, CLSM imaging results were compared with those of compensated polarized light microscopy, and we assessed the biosafety of TPE-Ketoalkyne in the RAW264.7 cell line. Finally, CLSM time series and three-dimensional imaging were performed on MSU crystal samples from human gouty synovial fluid and tophi. As a promising candidate for MSU crystal labeling, TPE-Ketoalkyne was found to detect MSU crystals accurately and rapidly in standard samples, animal samples, and human samples, and could precisely distinguish gout from HAP deposition disease. This work demonstrates that TPE-Ketoalkyne is suitable for highly specific and timely imaging of MSU crystals in gouty arthritis and may facilitate future research on MSU crystal-related diseases. Graphic abstract Gout (dpeaa)DE-He213 Monosodium urate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hydroxyapatite (dpeaa)DE-He213 TPE-Ketoalkyne (dpeaa)DE-He213 Aggregation-induced emission (dpeaa)DE-He213 Confocal laser scanning microscope imaging (dpeaa)DE-He213 Zhang, Guiquan aut Chen, Ziyi aut Xu, Hanlin aut Zhang, Bohan aut Hu, Rong aut Qin, Anjun aut Hua, Yinghui (orcid)0000-0002-0247-7852 aut Enthalten in Bio-design and manufacturing Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2018 6(2023), 6 vom: 13. Okt., Seite 704-717 (DE-627)1019335394 (DE-600)2927505-2 2522-8552 nnns volume:6 year:2023 number:6 day:13 month:10 pages:704-717 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42242-023-00252-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2023 6 13 10 704-717
language	English
source	Enthalten in Bio-design and manufacturing 6(2023), 6 vom: 13. Okt., Seite 704-717 volume:6 year:2023 number:6 day:13 month:10 pages:704-717
sourceStr	Enthalten in Bio-design and manufacturing 6(2023), 6 vom: 13. Okt., Seite 704-717 volume:6 year:2023 number:6 day:13 month:10 pages:704-717
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Gout Monosodium urate Hydroxyapatite TPE-Ketoalkyne Aggregation-induced emission Confocal laser scanning microscope imaging
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	Bio-design and manufacturing
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Wang, Wenjuan @@aut@@ Zhang, Guiquan @@aut@@ Chen, Ziyi @@aut@@ Xu, Hanlin @@aut@@ Zhang, Bohan @@aut@@ Hu, Rong @@aut@@ Qin, Anjun @@aut@@ Hua, Yinghui @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2023-10-13T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	1019335394
id	SPR053744810
language_de	englisch
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Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Existing technologies used to detect monosodium urate (MSU) crystals for gout diagnosis are not ideal due to their low sensitivity and complexity of operation. The purpose of this study was to explore whether aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) can be used for highly specific imaging of MSU crystals to assist in the diagnosis of gout. First, we developed a series of luminogens (i.e., tetraphenyl ethylene (TPE)-$ NH_{2} $, TPE-$ 2NH_{2} $, TPE-$ 4NH_{2} $, TPE-COOH, TPE-2COOH, TPE-4COOH, and TPE-Ketoalkyne), each of which was then evenly mixed with MSU crystals. Next, optimal fluorescence imaging of each of the luminogens was characterized by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). This approach was used for imaging standard samples of MSU, hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals, and mixed samples with 1:1 mass ratio of MSU/HAP. We also imaged samples from mouse models of acute gouty arthritis, HAP deposition disease, and comorbidities of interest. Subsequently, CLSM imaging results were compared with those of compensated polarized light microscopy, and we assessed the biosafety of TPE-Ketoalkyne in the RAW264.7 cell line. Finally, CLSM time series and three-dimensional imaging were performed on MSU crystal samples from human gouty synovial fluid and tophi. As a promising candidate for MSU crystal labeling, TPE-Ketoalkyne was found to detect MSU crystals accurately and rapidly in standard samples, animal samples, and human samples, and could precisely distinguish gout from HAP deposition disease. This work demonstrates that TPE-Ketoalkyne is suitable for highly specific and timely imaging of MSU crystals in gouty arthritis and may facilitate future research on MSU crystal-related diseases. 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author	Wang, Wenjuan
spellingShingle	Wang, Wenjuan misc Gout misc Monosodium urate misc Hydroxyapatite misc TPE-Ketoalkyne misc Aggregation-induced emission misc Confocal laser scanning microscope imaging Highly specific characterization and discrimination of monosodium urate crystals in gouty arthritis based on aggregation-induced emission luminogens
authorStr	Wang, Wenjuan
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topic_title	Highly specific characterization and discrimination of monosodium urate crystals in gouty arthritis based on aggregation-induced emission luminogens Gout (dpeaa)DE-He213 Monosodium urate (dpeaa)DE-He213 Hydroxyapatite (dpeaa)DE-He213 TPE-Ketoalkyne (dpeaa)DE-He213 Aggregation-induced emission (dpeaa)DE-He213 Confocal laser scanning microscope imaging (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Gout misc Monosodium urate misc Hydroxyapatite misc TPE-Ketoalkyne misc Aggregation-induced emission misc Confocal laser scanning microscope imaging
topic_unstemmed	misc Gout misc Monosodium urate misc Hydroxyapatite misc TPE-Ketoalkyne misc Aggregation-induced emission misc Confocal laser scanning microscope imaging
topic_browse	misc Gout misc Monosodium urate misc Hydroxyapatite misc TPE-Ketoalkyne misc Aggregation-induced emission misc Confocal laser scanning microscope imaging
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title	Highly specific characterization and discrimination of monosodium urate crystals in gouty arthritis based on aggregation-induced emission luminogens
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title_full	Highly specific characterization and discrimination of monosodium urate crystals in gouty arthritis based on aggregation-induced emission luminogens
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author_browse	Wang, Wenjuan Zhang, Guiquan Chen, Ziyi Xu, Hanlin Zhang, Bohan Hu, Rong Qin, Anjun Hua, Yinghui
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title_sort	highly specific characterization and discrimination of monosodium urate crystals in gouty arthritis based on aggregation-induced emission luminogens
title_auth	Highly specific characterization and discrimination of monosodium urate crystals in gouty arthritis based on aggregation-induced emission luminogens
abstract	Existing technologies used to detect monosodium urate (MSU) crystals for gout diagnosis are not ideal due to their low sensitivity and complexity of operation. The purpose of this study was to explore whether aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) can be used for highly specific imaging of MSU crystals to assist in the diagnosis of gout. First, we developed a series of luminogens (i.e., tetraphenyl ethylene (TPE)-$ NH_{2} $, TPE-$ 2NH_{2} $, TPE-$ 4NH_{2} $, TPE-COOH, TPE-2COOH, TPE-4COOH, and TPE-Ketoalkyne), each of which was then evenly mixed with MSU crystals. Next, optimal fluorescence imaging of each of the luminogens was characterized by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). This approach was used for imaging standard samples of MSU, hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals, and mixed samples with 1:1 mass ratio of MSU/HAP. We also imaged samples from mouse models of acute gouty arthritis, HAP deposition disease, and comorbidities of interest. Subsequently, CLSM imaging results were compared with those of compensated polarized light microscopy, and we assessed the biosafety of TPE-Ketoalkyne in the RAW264.7 cell line. Finally, CLSM time series and three-dimensional imaging were performed on MSU crystal samples from human gouty synovial fluid and tophi. As a promising candidate for MSU crystal labeling, TPE-Ketoalkyne was found to detect MSU crystals accurately and rapidly in standard samples, animal samples, and human samples, and could precisely distinguish gout from HAP deposition disease. This work demonstrates that TPE-Ketoalkyne is suitable for highly specific and timely imaging of MSU crystals in gouty arthritis and may facilitate future research on MSU crystal-related diseases. Graphic abstract © Zhejiang University Press 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
abstractGer	Existing technologies used to detect monosodium urate (MSU) crystals for gout diagnosis are not ideal due to their low sensitivity and complexity of operation. The purpose of this study was to explore whether aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) can be used for highly specific imaging of MSU crystals to assist in the diagnosis of gout. First, we developed a series of luminogens (i.e., tetraphenyl ethylene (TPE)-$ NH_{2} $, TPE-$ 2NH_{2} $, TPE-$ 4NH_{2} $, TPE-COOH, TPE-2COOH, TPE-4COOH, and TPE-Ketoalkyne), each of which was then evenly mixed with MSU crystals. Next, optimal fluorescence imaging of each of the luminogens was characterized by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). This approach was used for imaging standard samples of MSU, hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals, and mixed samples with 1:1 mass ratio of MSU/HAP. We also imaged samples from mouse models of acute gouty arthritis, HAP deposition disease, and comorbidities of interest. Subsequently, CLSM imaging results were compared with those of compensated polarized light microscopy, and we assessed the biosafety of TPE-Ketoalkyne in the RAW264.7 cell line. Finally, CLSM time series and three-dimensional imaging were performed on MSU crystal samples from human gouty synovial fluid and tophi. As a promising candidate for MSU crystal labeling, TPE-Ketoalkyne was found to detect MSU crystals accurately and rapidly in standard samples, animal samples, and human samples, and could precisely distinguish gout from HAP deposition disease. This work demonstrates that TPE-Ketoalkyne is suitable for highly specific and timely imaging of MSU crystals in gouty arthritis and may facilitate future research on MSU crystal-related diseases. Graphic abstract © Zhejiang University Press 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
abstract_unstemmed	Existing technologies used to detect monosodium urate (MSU) crystals for gout diagnosis are not ideal due to their low sensitivity and complexity of operation. The purpose of this study was to explore whether aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) can be used for highly specific imaging of MSU crystals to assist in the diagnosis of gout. First, we developed a series of luminogens (i.e., tetraphenyl ethylene (TPE)-$ NH_{2} $, TPE-$ 2NH_{2} $, TPE-$ 4NH_{2} $, TPE-COOH, TPE-2COOH, TPE-4COOH, and TPE-Ketoalkyne), each of which was then evenly mixed with MSU crystals. Next, optimal fluorescence imaging of each of the luminogens was characterized by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). This approach was used for imaging standard samples of MSU, hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals, and mixed samples with 1:1 mass ratio of MSU/HAP. We also imaged samples from mouse models of acute gouty arthritis, HAP deposition disease, and comorbidities of interest. Subsequently, CLSM imaging results were compared with those of compensated polarized light microscopy, and we assessed the biosafety of TPE-Ketoalkyne in the RAW264.7 cell line. Finally, CLSM time series and three-dimensional imaging were performed on MSU crystal samples from human gouty synovial fluid and tophi. As a promising candidate for MSU crystal labeling, TPE-Ketoalkyne was found to detect MSU crystals accurately and rapidly in standard samples, animal samples, and human samples, and could precisely distinguish gout from HAP deposition disease. This work demonstrates that TPE-Ketoalkyne is suitable for highly specific and timely imaging of MSU crystals in gouty arthritis and may facilitate future research on MSU crystal-related diseases. Graphic abstract © Zhejiang University Press 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
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container_issue	6
title_short	Highly specific characterization and discrimination of monosodium urate crystals in gouty arthritis based on aggregation-induced emission luminogens
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42242-023-00252-4
remote_bool	true
author2	Zhang, Guiquan Chen, Ziyi Xu, Hanlin Zhang, Bohan Hu, Rong Qin, Anjun Hua, Yinghui
author2Str	Zhang, Guiquan Chen, Ziyi Xu, Hanlin Zhang, Bohan Hu, Rong Qin, Anjun Hua, Yinghui
ppnlink	1019335394
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hochschulschrift_bool	false
doi_str	10.1007/s42242-023-00252-4
up_date	2024-07-03T21:43:27.495Z
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Highly specific characterization and discrimination of monosodium urate crystals in gouty arthritis based on aggregation-induced emission luminogens

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