A novel visual marker to distinguish haploids from doubled haploids in rice (Oryza sativa, L) at early growth stages

Abstract Doubled haploid technology, which enables the generation of homozygous lines in a single step, is one of the modern tools being employed for accelerating breeding processes in different crops. In rice, a globally important staple food crop, doubled haploid production through androgenesis is increasingly being employed in breeding programs. Amongst the androgenic rice lines, doubled haploids are formed spontaneously at about 50–60%, while the remaining 40–50% of plants remain as haploids. As haploids cannot be easily identified, it is routine to grow all the rice androgenic lines till maturity and harvest the seeds from the fertile doubled haploids. Therefore, the methods that facilitate easy identification of haploids at an early developmental stage in rice would enable treatment of such haploid lines with colchicine, to increase the efficiency of doubled haploid production. Further, it would also help in eliminating the operational cost involved in maintaining them till maturity. In the above context, a systematic study to identify easily observable physiological and morphological differences between haploid and doubled haploid rice lines was undertaken. Rice haploids were found to be noticeably different from doubled haploids in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and morphology of lodicules, stigma and style, features which have not been reported before. Most importantly, rice haploids invariably have acute leaf apex which is easily distinguishable from the doubled haploids that have attenuated leaf apex shape. Very high per cent accuracy in the prediction of ploidy level was observed when haploids were identified at an early developmental stage based on leaf apex shape, and the results verified with flow cytometry perfectly matches with leaf apex shape. The study establishes ‘acute leaf apex’ shape as an accurate visual marker to rapidly identify haploid rice lines at an early developmental stage in a cost-effective manner. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Ghalagi, Chaitanya [verfasserIn] Namratha, Malavalli Rajashekar Kotyal, Kavita Prakash, Shiva Raju, Basavaiah Mohan

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	Acute leaf apex Androgenic rice Attenuate leaf apex Doubled haploids Haploids Visual markers

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s) 2023

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Plant methods - London : BioMed Central, 2005, 19(2023), 1 vom: 01. Dez.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:19 ; year:2023 ; number:1 ; day:01 ; month:12

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s13007-023-01085-z

Katalog-ID:	SPR053943597

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allfields	10.1186/s13007-023-01085-z doi (DE-627)SPR053943597 (SPR)s13007-023-01085-z-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ghalagi, Chaitanya verfasserin aut A novel visual marker to distinguish haploids from doubled haploids in rice (Oryza sativa, L) at early growth stages 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Abstract Doubled haploid technology, which enables the generation of homozygous lines in a single step, is one of the modern tools being employed for accelerating breeding processes in different crops. In rice, a globally important staple food crop, doubled haploid production through androgenesis is increasingly being employed in breeding programs. Amongst the androgenic rice lines, doubled haploids are formed spontaneously at about 50–60%, while the remaining 40–50% of plants remain as haploids. As haploids cannot be easily identified, it is routine to grow all the rice androgenic lines till maturity and harvest the seeds from the fertile doubled haploids. Therefore, the methods that facilitate easy identification of haploids at an early developmental stage in rice would enable treatment of such haploid lines with colchicine, to increase the efficiency of doubled haploid production. Further, it would also help in eliminating the operational cost involved in maintaining them till maturity. In the above context, a systematic study to identify easily observable physiological and morphological differences between haploid and doubled haploid rice lines was undertaken. Rice haploids were found to be noticeably different from doubled haploids in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and morphology of lodicules, stigma and style, features which have not been reported before. Most importantly, rice haploids invariably have acute leaf apex which is easily distinguishable from the doubled haploids that have attenuated leaf apex shape. Very high per cent accuracy in the prediction of ploidy level was observed when haploids were identified at an early developmental stage based on leaf apex shape, and the results verified with flow cytometry perfectly matches with leaf apex shape. The study establishes ‘acute leaf apex’ shape as an accurate visual marker to rapidly identify haploid rice lines at an early developmental stage in a cost-effective manner. Acute leaf apex (dpeaa)DE-He213 Androgenic rice (dpeaa)DE-He213 Attenuate leaf apex (dpeaa)DE-He213 Doubled haploids (dpeaa)DE-He213 Haploids (dpeaa)DE-He213 Visual markers (dpeaa)DE-He213 Namratha, Malavalli Rajashekar aut Kotyal, Kavita aut Prakash, Shiva aut Raju, Basavaiah Mohan aut Enthalten in Plant methods London : BioMed Central, 2005 19(2023), 1 vom: 01. Dez. (DE-627)500321191 (DE-600)2203723-8 1746-4811 nnns volume:19 year:2023 number:1 day:01 month:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-023-01085-z kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 19 2023 1 01 12
spelling	10.1186/s13007-023-01085-z doi (DE-627)SPR053943597 (SPR)s13007-023-01085-z-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ghalagi, Chaitanya verfasserin aut A novel visual marker to distinguish haploids from doubled haploids in rice (Oryza sativa, L) at early growth stages 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Abstract Doubled haploid technology, which enables the generation of homozygous lines in a single step, is one of the modern tools being employed for accelerating breeding processes in different crops. In rice, a globally important staple food crop, doubled haploid production through androgenesis is increasingly being employed in breeding programs. Amongst the androgenic rice lines, doubled haploids are formed spontaneously at about 50–60%, while the remaining 40–50% of plants remain as haploids. As haploids cannot be easily identified, it is routine to grow all the rice androgenic lines till maturity and harvest the seeds from the fertile doubled haploids. Therefore, the methods that facilitate easy identification of haploids at an early developmental stage in rice would enable treatment of such haploid lines with colchicine, to increase the efficiency of doubled haploid production. Further, it would also help in eliminating the operational cost involved in maintaining them till maturity. In the above context, a systematic study to identify easily observable physiological and morphological differences between haploid and doubled haploid rice lines was undertaken. Rice haploids were found to be noticeably different from doubled haploids in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and morphology of lodicules, stigma and style, features which have not been reported before. Most importantly, rice haploids invariably have acute leaf apex which is easily distinguishable from the doubled haploids that have attenuated leaf apex shape. Very high per cent accuracy in the prediction of ploidy level was observed when haploids were identified at an early developmental stage based on leaf apex shape, and the results verified with flow cytometry perfectly matches with leaf apex shape. The study establishes ‘acute leaf apex’ shape as an accurate visual marker to rapidly identify haploid rice lines at an early developmental stage in a cost-effective manner. Acute leaf apex (dpeaa)DE-He213 Androgenic rice (dpeaa)DE-He213 Attenuate leaf apex (dpeaa)DE-He213 Doubled haploids (dpeaa)DE-He213 Haploids (dpeaa)DE-He213 Visual markers (dpeaa)DE-He213 Namratha, Malavalli Rajashekar aut Kotyal, Kavita aut Prakash, Shiva aut Raju, Basavaiah Mohan aut Enthalten in Plant methods London : BioMed Central, 2005 19(2023), 1 vom: 01. Dez. (DE-627)500321191 (DE-600)2203723-8 1746-4811 nnns volume:19 year:2023 number:1 day:01 month:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-023-01085-z kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 19 2023 1 01 12
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s13007-023-01085-z doi (DE-627)SPR053943597 (SPR)s13007-023-01085-z-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ghalagi, Chaitanya verfasserin aut A novel visual marker to distinguish haploids from doubled haploids in rice (Oryza sativa, L) at early growth stages 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Abstract Doubled haploid technology, which enables the generation of homozygous lines in a single step, is one of the modern tools being employed for accelerating breeding processes in different crops. In rice, a globally important staple food crop, doubled haploid production through androgenesis is increasingly being employed in breeding programs. Amongst the androgenic rice lines, doubled haploids are formed spontaneously at about 50–60%, while the remaining 40–50% of plants remain as haploids. As haploids cannot be easily identified, it is routine to grow all the rice androgenic lines till maturity and harvest the seeds from the fertile doubled haploids. Therefore, the methods that facilitate easy identification of haploids at an early developmental stage in rice would enable treatment of such haploid lines with colchicine, to increase the efficiency of doubled haploid production. Further, it would also help in eliminating the operational cost involved in maintaining them till maturity. In the above context, a systematic study to identify easily observable physiological and morphological differences between haploid and doubled haploid rice lines was undertaken. Rice haploids were found to be noticeably different from doubled haploids in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and morphology of lodicules, stigma and style, features which have not been reported before. Most importantly, rice haploids invariably have acute leaf apex which is easily distinguishable from the doubled haploids that have attenuated leaf apex shape. Very high per cent accuracy in the prediction of ploidy level was observed when haploids were identified at an early developmental stage based on leaf apex shape, and the results verified with flow cytometry perfectly matches with leaf apex shape. The study establishes ‘acute leaf apex’ shape as an accurate visual marker to rapidly identify haploid rice lines at an early developmental stage in a cost-effective manner. Acute leaf apex (dpeaa)DE-He213 Androgenic rice (dpeaa)DE-He213 Attenuate leaf apex (dpeaa)DE-He213 Doubled haploids (dpeaa)DE-He213 Haploids (dpeaa)DE-He213 Visual markers (dpeaa)DE-He213 Namratha, Malavalli Rajashekar aut Kotyal, Kavita aut Prakash, Shiva aut Raju, Basavaiah Mohan aut Enthalten in Plant methods London : BioMed Central, 2005 19(2023), 1 vom: 01. Dez. (DE-627)500321191 (DE-600)2203723-8 1746-4811 nnns volume:19 year:2023 number:1 day:01 month:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-023-01085-z kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 19 2023 1 01 12
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s13007-023-01085-z doi (DE-627)SPR053943597 (SPR)s13007-023-01085-z-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ghalagi, Chaitanya verfasserin aut A novel visual marker to distinguish haploids from doubled haploids in rice (Oryza sativa, L) at early growth stages 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Abstract Doubled haploid technology, which enables the generation of homozygous lines in a single step, is one of the modern tools being employed for accelerating breeding processes in different crops. In rice, a globally important staple food crop, doubled haploid production through androgenesis is increasingly being employed in breeding programs. Amongst the androgenic rice lines, doubled haploids are formed spontaneously at about 50–60%, while the remaining 40–50% of plants remain as haploids. As haploids cannot be easily identified, it is routine to grow all the rice androgenic lines till maturity and harvest the seeds from the fertile doubled haploids. Therefore, the methods that facilitate easy identification of haploids at an early developmental stage in rice would enable treatment of such haploid lines with colchicine, to increase the efficiency of doubled haploid production. Further, it would also help in eliminating the operational cost involved in maintaining them till maturity. In the above context, a systematic study to identify easily observable physiological and morphological differences between haploid and doubled haploid rice lines was undertaken. Rice haploids were found to be noticeably different from doubled haploids in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and morphology of lodicules, stigma and style, features which have not been reported before. Most importantly, rice haploids invariably have acute leaf apex which is easily distinguishable from the doubled haploids that have attenuated leaf apex shape. Very high per cent accuracy in the prediction of ploidy level was observed when haploids were identified at an early developmental stage based on leaf apex shape, and the results verified with flow cytometry perfectly matches with leaf apex shape. The study establishes ‘acute leaf apex’ shape as an accurate visual marker to rapidly identify haploid rice lines at an early developmental stage in a cost-effective manner. Acute leaf apex (dpeaa)DE-He213 Androgenic rice (dpeaa)DE-He213 Attenuate leaf apex (dpeaa)DE-He213 Doubled haploids (dpeaa)DE-He213 Haploids (dpeaa)DE-He213 Visual markers (dpeaa)DE-He213 Namratha, Malavalli Rajashekar aut Kotyal, Kavita aut Prakash, Shiva aut Raju, Basavaiah Mohan aut Enthalten in Plant methods London : BioMed Central, 2005 19(2023), 1 vom: 01. Dez. (DE-627)500321191 (DE-600)2203723-8 1746-4811 nnns volume:19 year:2023 number:1 day:01 month:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-023-01085-z kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 19 2023 1 01 12
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s13007-023-01085-z doi (DE-627)SPR053943597 (SPR)s13007-023-01085-z-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ghalagi, Chaitanya verfasserin aut A novel visual marker to distinguish haploids from doubled haploids in rice (Oryza sativa, L) at early growth stages 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Abstract Doubled haploid technology, which enables the generation of homozygous lines in a single step, is one of the modern tools being employed for accelerating breeding processes in different crops. In rice, a globally important staple food crop, doubled haploid production through androgenesis is increasingly being employed in breeding programs. Amongst the androgenic rice lines, doubled haploids are formed spontaneously at about 50–60%, while the remaining 40–50% of plants remain as haploids. As haploids cannot be easily identified, it is routine to grow all the rice androgenic lines till maturity and harvest the seeds from the fertile doubled haploids. Therefore, the methods that facilitate easy identification of haploids at an early developmental stage in rice would enable treatment of such haploid lines with colchicine, to increase the efficiency of doubled haploid production. Further, it would also help in eliminating the operational cost involved in maintaining them till maturity. In the above context, a systematic study to identify easily observable physiological and morphological differences between haploid and doubled haploid rice lines was undertaken. Rice haploids were found to be noticeably different from doubled haploids in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and morphology of lodicules, stigma and style, features which have not been reported before. Most importantly, rice haploids invariably have acute leaf apex which is easily distinguishable from the doubled haploids that have attenuated leaf apex shape. Very high per cent accuracy in the prediction of ploidy level was observed when haploids were identified at an early developmental stage based on leaf apex shape, and the results verified with flow cytometry perfectly matches with leaf apex shape. The study establishes ‘acute leaf apex’ shape as an accurate visual marker to rapidly identify haploid rice lines at an early developmental stage in a cost-effective manner. Acute leaf apex (dpeaa)DE-He213 Androgenic rice (dpeaa)DE-He213 Attenuate leaf apex (dpeaa)DE-He213 Doubled haploids (dpeaa)DE-He213 Haploids (dpeaa)DE-He213 Visual markers (dpeaa)DE-He213 Namratha, Malavalli Rajashekar aut Kotyal, Kavita aut Prakash, Shiva aut Raju, Basavaiah Mohan aut Enthalten in Plant methods London : BioMed Central, 2005 19(2023), 1 vom: 01. Dez. (DE-627)500321191 (DE-600)2203723-8 1746-4811 nnns volume:19 year:2023 number:1 day:01 month:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-023-01085-z kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 19 2023 1 01 12
language	English
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spellingShingle	Ghalagi, Chaitanya misc Acute leaf apex misc Androgenic rice misc Attenuate leaf apex misc Doubled haploids misc Haploids misc Visual markers A novel visual marker to distinguish haploids from doubled haploids in rice (Oryza sativa, L) at early growth stages
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topic_title	A novel visual marker to distinguish haploids from doubled haploids in rice (Oryza sativa, L) at early growth stages Acute leaf apex (dpeaa)DE-He213 Androgenic rice (dpeaa)DE-He213 Attenuate leaf apex (dpeaa)DE-He213 Doubled haploids (dpeaa)DE-He213 Haploids (dpeaa)DE-He213 Visual markers (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Acute leaf apex misc Androgenic rice misc Attenuate leaf apex misc Doubled haploids misc Haploids misc Visual markers
topic_unstemmed	misc Acute leaf apex misc Androgenic rice misc Attenuate leaf apex misc Doubled haploids misc Haploids misc Visual markers
topic_browse	misc Acute leaf apex misc Androgenic rice misc Attenuate leaf apex misc Doubled haploids misc Haploids misc Visual markers
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title	A novel visual marker to distinguish haploids from doubled haploids in rice (Oryza sativa, L) at early growth stages
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title_full	A novel visual marker to distinguish haploids from doubled haploids in rice (Oryza sativa, L) at early growth stages
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title_sort	novel visual marker to distinguish haploids from doubled haploids in rice (oryza sativa, l) at early growth stages
title_auth	A novel visual marker to distinguish haploids from doubled haploids in rice (Oryza sativa, L) at early growth stages
abstract	Abstract Doubled haploid technology, which enables the generation of homozygous lines in a single step, is one of the modern tools being employed for accelerating breeding processes in different crops. In rice, a globally important staple food crop, doubled haploid production through androgenesis is increasingly being employed in breeding programs. Amongst the androgenic rice lines, doubled haploids are formed spontaneously at about 50–60%, while the remaining 40–50% of plants remain as haploids. As haploids cannot be easily identified, it is routine to grow all the rice androgenic lines till maturity and harvest the seeds from the fertile doubled haploids. Therefore, the methods that facilitate easy identification of haploids at an early developmental stage in rice would enable treatment of such haploid lines with colchicine, to increase the efficiency of doubled haploid production. Further, it would also help in eliminating the operational cost involved in maintaining them till maturity. In the above context, a systematic study to identify easily observable physiological and morphological differences between haploid and doubled haploid rice lines was undertaken. Rice haploids were found to be noticeably different from doubled haploids in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and morphology of lodicules, stigma and style, features which have not been reported before. Most importantly, rice haploids invariably have acute leaf apex which is easily distinguishable from the doubled haploids that have attenuated leaf apex shape. Very high per cent accuracy in the prediction of ploidy level was observed when haploids were identified at an early developmental stage based on leaf apex shape, and the results verified with flow cytometry perfectly matches with leaf apex shape. The study establishes ‘acute leaf apex’ shape as an accurate visual marker to rapidly identify haploid rice lines at an early developmental stage in a cost-effective manner. © The Author(s) 2023
abstractGer	Abstract Doubled haploid technology, which enables the generation of homozygous lines in a single step, is one of the modern tools being employed for accelerating breeding processes in different crops. In rice, a globally important staple food crop, doubled haploid production through androgenesis is increasingly being employed in breeding programs. Amongst the androgenic rice lines, doubled haploids are formed spontaneously at about 50–60%, while the remaining 40–50% of plants remain as haploids. As haploids cannot be easily identified, it is routine to grow all the rice androgenic lines till maturity and harvest the seeds from the fertile doubled haploids. Therefore, the methods that facilitate easy identification of haploids at an early developmental stage in rice would enable treatment of such haploid lines with colchicine, to increase the efficiency of doubled haploid production. Further, it would also help in eliminating the operational cost involved in maintaining them till maturity. In the above context, a systematic study to identify easily observable physiological and morphological differences between haploid and doubled haploid rice lines was undertaken. Rice haploids were found to be noticeably different from doubled haploids in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and morphology of lodicules, stigma and style, features which have not been reported before. Most importantly, rice haploids invariably have acute leaf apex which is easily distinguishable from the doubled haploids that have attenuated leaf apex shape. Very high per cent accuracy in the prediction of ploidy level was observed when haploids were identified at an early developmental stage based on leaf apex shape, and the results verified with flow cytometry perfectly matches with leaf apex shape. The study establishes ‘acute leaf apex’ shape as an accurate visual marker to rapidly identify haploid rice lines at an early developmental stage in a cost-effective manner. © The Author(s) 2023
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Doubled haploid technology, which enables the generation of homozygous lines in a single step, is one of the modern tools being employed for accelerating breeding processes in different crops. In rice, a globally important staple food crop, doubled haploid production through androgenesis is increasingly being employed in breeding programs. Amongst the androgenic rice lines, doubled haploids are formed spontaneously at about 50–60%, while the remaining 40–50% of plants remain as haploids. As haploids cannot be easily identified, it is routine to grow all the rice androgenic lines till maturity and harvest the seeds from the fertile doubled haploids. Therefore, the methods that facilitate easy identification of haploids at an early developmental stage in rice would enable treatment of such haploid lines with colchicine, to increase the efficiency of doubled haploid production. Further, it would also help in eliminating the operational cost involved in maintaining them till maturity. In the above context, a systematic study to identify easily observable physiological and morphological differences between haploid and doubled haploid rice lines was undertaken. Rice haploids were found to be noticeably different from doubled haploids in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and morphology of lodicules, stigma and style, features which have not been reported before. Most importantly, rice haploids invariably have acute leaf apex which is easily distinguishable from the doubled haploids that have attenuated leaf apex shape. Very high per cent accuracy in the prediction of ploidy level was observed when haploids were identified at an early developmental stage based on leaf apex shape, and the results verified with flow cytometry perfectly matches with leaf apex shape. The study establishes ‘acute leaf apex’ shape as an accurate visual marker to rapidly identify haploid rice lines at an early developmental stage in a cost-effective manner. © The Author(s) 2023
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title_short	A novel visual marker to distinguish haploids from doubled haploids in rice (Oryza sativa, L) at early growth stages
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fullrecord_marcxml	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000naa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">SPR053943597</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20231202064643.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">231202s2023 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1186/s13007-023-01085-z</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)SPR053943597</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(SPR)s13007-023-01085-z-e</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ghalagi, Chaitanya</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">A novel visual marker to distinguish haploids from doubled haploids in rice (Oryza sativa, L) at early growth stages</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2023</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© The Author(s) 2023</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract Doubled haploid technology, which enables the generation of homozygous lines in a single step, is one of the modern tools being employed for accelerating breeding processes in different crops. In rice, a globally important staple food crop, doubled haploid production through androgenesis is increasingly being employed in breeding programs. Amongst the androgenic rice lines, doubled haploids are formed spontaneously at about 50–60%, while the remaining 40–50% of plants remain as haploids. As haploids cannot be easily identified, it is routine to grow all the rice androgenic lines till maturity and harvest the seeds from the fertile doubled haploids. Therefore, the methods that facilitate easy identification of haploids at an early developmental stage in rice would enable treatment of such haploid lines with colchicine, to increase the efficiency of doubled haploid production. Further, it would also help in eliminating the operational cost involved in maintaining them till maturity. In the above context, a systematic study to identify easily observable physiological and morphological differences between haploid and doubled haploid rice lines was undertaken. Rice haploids were found to be noticeably different from doubled haploids in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and morphology of lodicules, stigma and style, features which have not been reported before. Most importantly, rice haploids invariably have acute leaf apex which is easily distinguishable from the doubled haploids that have attenuated leaf apex shape. Very high per cent accuracy in the prediction of ploidy level was observed when haploids were identified at an early developmental stage based on leaf apex shape, and the results verified with flow cytometry perfectly matches with leaf apex shape. The study establishes ‘acute leaf apex’ shape as an accurate visual marker to rapidly identify haploid rice lines at an early developmental stage in a cost-effective manner.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Acute leaf apex</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Androgenic rice</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Attenuate leaf apex</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Doubled haploids</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Haploids</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Visual markers</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Namratha, Malavalli Rajashekar</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kotyal, Kavita</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Prakash, Shiva</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Raju, Basavaiah Mohan</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Plant methods</subfield><subfield code="d">London : BioMed Central, 2005</subfield><subfield code="g">19(2023), 1 vom: 01. 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A novel visual marker to distinguish haploids from doubled haploids in rice (Oryza sativa, L) at early growth stages

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