Cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs and nasopharyngeal secretions: a comparative study from a tertiary care center in India

Purpose To detect the viral RNA load of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients, and compare with nasopharyngeal swabs. Methods Conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients (with PCR positive nasopharyngeal swabs) were subjected to quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reactio...
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Autor*in:	Bansal, Reema [verfasserIn] Bora, Ishani Kanta, Poonam Singh, Mini P. Angrup, Archana Suri, Vikas Mohindra, Ritin Jaswal, Sanjay Meena, Shyam Charan Bhalla, Ashish Malhotra, Pankaj Gupta, Vishali Ray, Pallab

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2024

Schlagwörter:	Conjunctival swab COVID-19 Eye Nasopharyngeal swab SARS-CoV-2 Ct value Tears

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: International ophthalmology - Dordrecht : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1978, 44(2024), 1 vom: 08. Feb.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:44 ; year:2024 ; number:1 ; day:08 ; month:02

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s10792-024-02976-3

Katalog-ID:	SPR054690978

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520			\|a Purpose To detect the viral RNA load of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients, and compare with nasopharyngeal swabs. Methods Conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients (with PCR positive nasopharyngeal swabs) were subjected to quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The cycle threshold (Ct) values of Open Reading Frame 1 (ORF 1 Ab gene) and nucleoprotein (N gene) PCRs were used to assess the viral RNA load, and compare them with the baseline values of nasopharyngeal swabs. Results Of 93 patients, 17 (18.27%) demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs. Baseline nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at a median of 2 days; while, the conjunctival swabs were collected at median 7 days, from onset of illness (p < 0.001). Despite a significant delay in conjunctival swab collection than nasopharyngeal swabs, the Ct values (ORF or N gene PCRs) were comparable between nasopharyngeal swab and conjunctival swab samples. Subsequently, during the recovery period, in four of these 17 patients (with conjunctival swab positivity), when the second nasopharyngeal swab was ‘negative’, the conjunctival swab was ‘positive’. Conclusion The conjunctival swabs demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 17 (18.27%) of 93 COVID-19 patients. Our results may suggest a delayed or a prolonged shedding of the virus/viral RNA on the ocular surface than in nasopharyngeal mucosa.
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allfields	10.1007/s10792-024-02976-3 doi (DE-627)SPR054690978 (SPR)s10792-024-02976-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Bansal, Reema verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-1025-4226 aut Cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs and nasopharyngeal secretions: a comparative study from a tertiary care center in India 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Purpose To detect the viral RNA load of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients, and compare with nasopharyngeal swabs. Methods Conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients (with PCR positive nasopharyngeal swabs) were subjected to quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The cycle threshold (Ct) values of Open Reading Frame 1 (ORF 1 Ab gene) and nucleoprotein (N gene) PCRs were used to assess the viral RNA load, and compare them with the baseline values of nasopharyngeal swabs. Results Of 93 patients, 17 (18.27%) demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs. Baseline nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at a median of 2 days; while, the conjunctival swabs were collected at median 7 days, from onset of illness (p < 0.001). Despite a significant delay in conjunctival swab collection than nasopharyngeal swabs, the Ct values (ORF or N gene PCRs) were comparable between nasopharyngeal swab and conjunctival swab samples. Subsequently, during the recovery period, in four of these 17 patients (with conjunctival swab positivity), when the second nasopharyngeal swab was ‘negative’, the conjunctival swab was ‘positive’. Conclusion The conjunctival swabs demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 17 (18.27%) of 93 COVID-19 patients. Our results may suggest a delayed or a prolonged shedding of the virus/viral RNA on the ocular surface than in nasopharyngeal mucosa. Conjunctival swab (dpeaa)DE-He213 COVID-19 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Eye (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nasopharyngeal swab (dpeaa)DE-He213 SARS-CoV-2 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ct value (dpeaa)DE-He213 Tears (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bora, Ishani aut Kanta, Poonam aut Singh, Mini P. aut Angrup, Archana aut Suri, Vikas aut Mohindra, Ritin aut Jaswal, Sanjay aut Meena, Shyam Charan aut Bhalla, Ashish aut Malhotra, Pankaj aut Gupta, Vishali aut Ray, Pallab aut Enthalten in International ophthalmology Dordrecht : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1978 44(2024), 1 vom: 08. Feb. (DE-627)320481131 (DE-600)2009810-8 1573-2630 nnns volume:44 year:2024 number:1 day:08 month:02 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-024-02976-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_711 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 44 2024 1 08 02
spelling	10.1007/s10792-024-02976-3 doi (DE-627)SPR054690978 (SPR)s10792-024-02976-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Bansal, Reema verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-1025-4226 aut Cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs and nasopharyngeal secretions: a comparative study from a tertiary care center in India 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Purpose To detect the viral RNA load of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients, and compare with nasopharyngeal swabs. Methods Conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients (with PCR positive nasopharyngeal swabs) were subjected to quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The cycle threshold (Ct) values of Open Reading Frame 1 (ORF 1 Ab gene) and nucleoprotein (N gene) PCRs were used to assess the viral RNA load, and compare them with the baseline values of nasopharyngeal swabs. Results Of 93 patients, 17 (18.27%) demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs. Baseline nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at a median of 2 days; while, the conjunctival swabs were collected at median 7 days, from onset of illness (p < 0.001). Despite a significant delay in conjunctival swab collection than nasopharyngeal swabs, the Ct values (ORF or N gene PCRs) were comparable between nasopharyngeal swab and conjunctival swab samples. Subsequently, during the recovery period, in four of these 17 patients (with conjunctival swab positivity), when the second nasopharyngeal swab was ‘negative’, the conjunctival swab was ‘positive’. Conclusion The conjunctival swabs demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 17 (18.27%) of 93 COVID-19 patients. Our results may suggest a delayed or a prolonged shedding of the virus/viral RNA on the ocular surface than in nasopharyngeal mucosa. Conjunctival swab (dpeaa)DE-He213 COVID-19 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Eye (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nasopharyngeal swab (dpeaa)DE-He213 SARS-CoV-2 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ct value (dpeaa)DE-He213 Tears (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bora, Ishani aut Kanta, Poonam aut Singh, Mini P. aut Angrup, Archana aut Suri, Vikas aut Mohindra, Ritin aut Jaswal, Sanjay aut Meena, Shyam Charan aut Bhalla, Ashish aut Malhotra, Pankaj aut Gupta, Vishali aut Ray, Pallab aut Enthalten in International ophthalmology Dordrecht : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1978 44(2024), 1 vom: 08. Feb. (DE-627)320481131 (DE-600)2009810-8 1573-2630 nnns volume:44 year:2024 number:1 day:08 month:02 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-024-02976-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_711 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 44 2024 1 08 02
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s10792-024-02976-3 doi (DE-627)SPR054690978 (SPR)s10792-024-02976-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Bansal, Reema verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-1025-4226 aut Cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs and nasopharyngeal secretions: a comparative study from a tertiary care center in India 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Purpose To detect the viral RNA load of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients, and compare with nasopharyngeal swabs. Methods Conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients (with PCR positive nasopharyngeal swabs) were subjected to quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The cycle threshold (Ct) values of Open Reading Frame 1 (ORF 1 Ab gene) and nucleoprotein (N gene) PCRs were used to assess the viral RNA load, and compare them with the baseline values of nasopharyngeal swabs. Results Of 93 patients, 17 (18.27%) demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs. Baseline nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at a median of 2 days; while, the conjunctival swabs were collected at median 7 days, from onset of illness (p < 0.001). Despite a significant delay in conjunctival swab collection than nasopharyngeal swabs, the Ct values (ORF or N gene PCRs) were comparable between nasopharyngeal swab and conjunctival swab samples. Subsequently, during the recovery period, in four of these 17 patients (with conjunctival swab positivity), when the second nasopharyngeal swab was ‘negative’, the conjunctival swab was ‘positive’. Conclusion The conjunctival swabs demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 17 (18.27%) of 93 COVID-19 patients. Our results may suggest a delayed or a prolonged shedding of the virus/viral RNA on the ocular surface than in nasopharyngeal mucosa. Conjunctival swab (dpeaa)DE-He213 COVID-19 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Eye (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nasopharyngeal swab (dpeaa)DE-He213 SARS-CoV-2 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ct value (dpeaa)DE-He213 Tears (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bora, Ishani aut Kanta, Poonam aut Singh, Mini P. aut Angrup, Archana aut Suri, Vikas aut Mohindra, Ritin aut Jaswal, Sanjay aut Meena, Shyam Charan aut Bhalla, Ashish aut Malhotra, Pankaj aut Gupta, Vishali aut Ray, Pallab aut Enthalten in International ophthalmology Dordrecht : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1978 44(2024), 1 vom: 08. Feb. (DE-627)320481131 (DE-600)2009810-8 1573-2630 nnns volume:44 year:2024 number:1 day:08 month:02 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-024-02976-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_711 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 44 2024 1 08 02
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s10792-024-02976-3 doi (DE-627)SPR054690978 (SPR)s10792-024-02976-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Bansal, Reema verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-1025-4226 aut Cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs and nasopharyngeal secretions: a comparative study from a tertiary care center in India 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Purpose To detect the viral RNA load of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients, and compare with nasopharyngeal swabs. Methods Conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients (with PCR positive nasopharyngeal swabs) were subjected to quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The cycle threshold (Ct) values of Open Reading Frame 1 (ORF 1 Ab gene) and nucleoprotein (N gene) PCRs were used to assess the viral RNA load, and compare them with the baseline values of nasopharyngeal swabs. Results Of 93 patients, 17 (18.27%) demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs. Baseline nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at a median of 2 days; while, the conjunctival swabs were collected at median 7 days, from onset of illness (p < 0.001). Despite a significant delay in conjunctival swab collection than nasopharyngeal swabs, the Ct values (ORF or N gene PCRs) were comparable between nasopharyngeal swab and conjunctival swab samples. Subsequently, during the recovery period, in four of these 17 patients (with conjunctival swab positivity), when the second nasopharyngeal swab was ‘negative’, the conjunctival swab was ‘positive’. Conclusion The conjunctival swabs demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 17 (18.27%) of 93 COVID-19 patients. Our results may suggest a delayed or a prolonged shedding of the virus/viral RNA on the ocular surface than in nasopharyngeal mucosa. Conjunctival swab (dpeaa)DE-He213 COVID-19 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Eye (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nasopharyngeal swab (dpeaa)DE-He213 SARS-CoV-2 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ct value (dpeaa)DE-He213 Tears (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bora, Ishani aut Kanta, Poonam aut Singh, Mini P. aut Angrup, Archana aut Suri, Vikas aut Mohindra, Ritin aut Jaswal, Sanjay aut Meena, Shyam Charan aut Bhalla, Ashish aut Malhotra, Pankaj aut Gupta, Vishali aut Ray, Pallab aut Enthalten in International ophthalmology Dordrecht : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1978 44(2024), 1 vom: 08. Feb. (DE-627)320481131 (DE-600)2009810-8 1573-2630 nnns volume:44 year:2024 number:1 day:08 month:02 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-024-02976-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_711 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 44 2024 1 08 02
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s10792-024-02976-3 doi (DE-627)SPR054690978 (SPR)s10792-024-02976-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Bansal, Reema verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-1025-4226 aut Cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs and nasopharyngeal secretions: a comparative study from a tertiary care center in India 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Purpose To detect the viral RNA load of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients, and compare with nasopharyngeal swabs. Methods Conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients (with PCR positive nasopharyngeal swabs) were subjected to quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The cycle threshold (Ct) values of Open Reading Frame 1 (ORF 1 Ab gene) and nucleoprotein (N gene) PCRs were used to assess the viral RNA load, and compare them with the baseline values of nasopharyngeal swabs. Results Of 93 patients, 17 (18.27%) demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs. Baseline nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at a median of 2 days; while, the conjunctival swabs were collected at median 7 days, from onset of illness (p < 0.001). Despite a significant delay in conjunctival swab collection than nasopharyngeal swabs, the Ct values (ORF or N gene PCRs) were comparable between nasopharyngeal swab and conjunctival swab samples. Subsequently, during the recovery period, in four of these 17 patients (with conjunctival swab positivity), when the second nasopharyngeal swab was ‘negative’, the conjunctival swab was ‘positive’. Conclusion The conjunctival swabs demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 17 (18.27%) of 93 COVID-19 patients. Our results may suggest a delayed or a prolonged shedding of the virus/viral RNA on the ocular surface than in nasopharyngeal mucosa. Conjunctival swab (dpeaa)DE-He213 COVID-19 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Eye (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nasopharyngeal swab (dpeaa)DE-He213 SARS-CoV-2 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ct value (dpeaa)DE-He213 Tears (dpeaa)DE-He213 Bora, Ishani aut Kanta, Poonam aut Singh, Mini P. aut Angrup, Archana aut Suri, Vikas aut Mohindra, Ritin aut Jaswal, Sanjay aut Meena, Shyam Charan aut Bhalla, Ashish aut Malhotra, Pankaj aut Gupta, Vishali aut Ray, Pallab aut Enthalten in International ophthalmology Dordrecht : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1978 44(2024), 1 vom: 08. Feb. (DE-627)320481131 (DE-600)2009810-8 1573-2630 nnns volume:44 year:2024 number:1 day:08 month:02 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-024-02976-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_711 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 44 2024 1 08 02
language	English
source	Enthalten in International ophthalmology 44(2024), 1 vom: 08. Feb. volume:44 year:2024 number:1 day:08 month:02
sourceStr	Enthalten in International ophthalmology 44(2024), 1 vom: 08. Feb. volume:44 year:2024 number:1 day:08 month:02
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Conjunctival swab COVID-19 Eye Nasopharyngeal swab SARS-CoV-2 Ct value Tears
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	International ophthalmology
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Bansal, Reema @@aut@@ Bora, Ishani @@aut@@ Kanta, Poonam @@aut@@ Singh, Mini P. @@aut@@ Angrup, Archana @@aut@@ Suri, Vikas @@aut@@ Mohindra, Ritin @@aut@@ Jaswal, Sanjay @@aut@@ Meena, Shyam Charan @@aut@@ Bhalla, Ashish @@aut@@ Malhotra, Pankaj @@aut@@ Gupta, Vishali @@aut@@ Ray, Pallab @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2024-02-08T00:00:00Z
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Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Purpose To detect the viral RNA load of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients, and compare with nasopharyngeal swabs. Methods Conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients (with PCR positive nasopharyngeal swabs) were subjected to quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The cycle threshold (Ct) values of Open Reading Frame 1 (ORF 1 Ab gene) and nucleoprotein (N gene) PCRs were used to assess the viral RNA load, and compare them with the baseline values of nasopharyngeal swabs. Results Of 93 patients, 17 (18.27%) demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs. Baseline nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at a median of 2 days; while, the conjunctival swabs were collected at median 7 days, from onset of illness (p < 0.001). Despite a significant delay in conjunctival swab collection than nasopharyngeal swabs, the Ct values (ORF or N gene PCRs) were comparable between nasopharyngeal swab and conjunctival swab samples. Subsequently, during the recovery period, in four of these 17 patients (with conjunctival swab positivity), when the second nasopharyngeal swab was ‘negative’, the conjunctival swab was ‘positive’. Conclusion The conjunctival swabs demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 17 (18.27%) of 93 COVID-19 patients. 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author	Bansal, Reema
spellingShingle	Bansal, Reema misc Conjunctival swab misc COVID-19 misc Eye misc Nasopharyngeal swab misc SARS-CoV-2 misc Ct value misc Tears Cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs and nasopharyngeal secretions: a comparative study from a tertiary care center in India
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topic_title	Cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs and nasopharyngeal secretions: a comparative study from a tertiary care center in India Conjunctival swab (dpeaa)DE-He213 COVID-19 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Eye (dpeaa)DE-He213 Nasopharyngeal swab (dpeaa)DE-He213 SARS-CoV-2 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Ct value (dpeaa)DE-He213 Tears (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc Conjunctival swab misc COVID-19 misc Eye misc Nasopharyngeal swab misc SARS-CoV-2 misc Ct value misc Tears
topic_unstemmed	misc Conjunctival swab misc COVID-19 misc Eye misc Nasopharyngeal swab misc SARS-CoV-2 misc Ct value misc Tears
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title	Cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs and nasopharyngeal secretions: a comparative study from a tertiary care center in India
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title_full	Cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs and nasopharyngeal secretions: a comparative study from a tertiary care center in India
author_sort	Bansal, Reema
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author_browse	Bansal, Reema Bora, Ishani Kanta, Poonam Singh, Mini P. Angrup, Archana Suri, Vikas Mohindra, Ritin Jaswal, Sanjay Meena, Shyam Charan Bhalla, Ashish Malhotra, Pankaj Gupta, Vishali Ray, Pallab
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author-letter	Bansal, Reema
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title_sort	cycle threshold values of sars-cov-2 rna in conjunctival swabs and nasopharyngeal secretions: a comparative study from a tertiary care center in india
title_auth	Cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs and nasopharyngeal secretions: a comparative study from a tertiary care center in India
abstract	Purpose To detect the viral RNA load of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients, and compare with nasopharyngeal swabs. Methods Conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients (with PCR positive nasopharyngeal swabs) were subjected to quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The cycle threshold (Ct) values of Open Reading Frame 1 (ORF 1 Ab gene) and nucleoprotein (N gene) PCRs were used to assess the viral RNA load, and compare them with the baseline values of nasopharyngeal swabs. Results Of 93 patients, 17 (18.27%) demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs. Baseline nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at a median of 2 days; while, the conjunctival swabs were collected at median 7 days, from onset of illness (p < 0.001). Despite a significant delay in conjunctival swab collection than nasopharyngeal swabs, the Ct values (ORF or N gene PCRs) were comparable between nasopharyngeal swab and conjunctival swab samples. Subsequently, during the recovery period, in four of these 17 patients (with conjunctival swab positivity), when the second nasopharyngeal swab was ‘negative’, the conjunctival swab was ‘positive’. Conclusion The conjunctival swabs demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 17 (18.27%) of 93 COVID-19 patients. Our results may suggest a delayed or a prolonged shedding of the virus/viral RNA on the ocular surface than in nasopharyngeal mucosa. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
abstractGer	Purpose To detect the viral RNA load of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients, and compare with nasopharyngeal swabs. Methods Conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients (with PCR positive nasopharyngeal swabs) were subjected to quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The cycle threshold (Ct) values of Open Reading Frame 1 (ORF 1 Ab gene) and nucleoprotein (N gene) PCRs were used to assess the viral RNA load, and compare them with the baseline values of nasopharyngeal swabs. Results Of 93 patients, 17 (18.27%) demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs. Baseline nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at a median of 2 days; while, the conjunctival swabs were collected at median 7 days, from onset of illness (p < 0.001). Despite a significant delay in conjunctival swab collection than nasopharyngeal swabs, the Ct values (ORF or N gene PCRs) were comparable between nasopharyngeal swab and conjunctival swab samples. Subsequently, during the recovery period, in four of these 17 patients (with conjunctival swab positivity), when the second nasopharyngeal swab was ‘negative’, the conjunctival swab was ‘positive’. Conclusion The conjunctival swabs demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 17 (18.27%) of 93 COVID-19 patients. Our results may suggest a delayed or a prolonged shedding of the virus/viral RNA on the ocular surface than in nasopharyngeal mucosa. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
abstract_unstemmed	Purpose To detect the viral RNA load of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients, and compare with nasopharyngeal swabs. Methods Conjunctival swabs of COVID-19 patients (with PCR positive nasopharyngeal swabs) were subjected to quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The cycle threshold (Ct) values of Open Reading Frame 1 (ORF 1 Ab gene) and nucleoprotein (N gene) PCRs were used to assess the viral RNA load, and compare them with the baseline values of nasopharyngeal swabs. Results Of 93 patients, 17 (18.27%) demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs. Baseline nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at a median of 2 days; while, the conjunctival swabs were collected at median 7 days, from onset of illness (p < 0.001). Despite a significant delay in conjunctival swab collection than nasopharyngeal swabs, the Ct values (ORF or N gene PCRs) were comparable between nasopharyngeal swab and conjunctival swab samples. Subsequently, during the recovery period, in four of these 17 patients (with conjunctival swab positivity), when the second nasopharyngeal swab was ‘negative’, the conjunctival swab was ‘positive’. Conclusion The conjunctival swabs demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 17 (18.27%) of 93 COVID-19 patients. Our results may suggest a delayed or a prolonged shedding of the virus/viral RNA on the ocular surface than in nasopharyngeal mucosa. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
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title_short	Cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs and nasopharyngeal secretions: a comparative study from a tertiary care center in India
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-024-02976-3
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author2	Bora, Ishani Kanta, Poonam Singh, Mini P. Angrup, Archana Suri, Vikas Mohindra, Ritin Jaswal, Sanjay Meena, Shyam Charan Bhalla, Ashish Malhotra, Pankaj Gupta, Vishali Ray, Pallab
author2Str	Bora, Ishani Kanta, Poonam Singh, Mini P. Angrup, Archana Suri, Vikas Mohindra, Ritin Jaswal, Sanjay Meena, Shyam Charan Bhalla, Ashish Malhotra, Pankaj Gupta, Vishali Ray, Pallab
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doi_str	10.1007/s10792-024-02976-3
up_date	2024-07-04T02:39:53.734Z
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Cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in conjunctival swabs and nasopharyngeal secretions: a comparative study from a tertiary care center in India

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