The relationship of vitamin D deficiency and childhood diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of childhood diarrhea. We aim to carry out a review and meta-analysis of the evidence relating vitamin D insufficiency to childhood diarrhea. Methods We searched PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (from inception to August 2022), then i...
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Autor*in:	Lazarus, Glen [verfasserIn] Putra, I Gusti Ngurah Sanjaya Junaidi, Michelle Clarissa Oswari, Jessica Sylvania Oswari, Hanifah

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2024

Schlagwörter:	Vitamin D deficiency Pediatric Childhood diarrhea

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s) 2024

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: BMC pediatrics - London : BioMed Central, 2001, 24(2024), 1 vom: 16. Feb.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:24 ; year:2024 ; number:1 ; day:16 ; month:02

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s12887-024-04599-0

Katalog-ID:	SPR054801885

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520			\|a Introduction Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of childhood diarrhea. We aim to carry out a review and meta-analysis of the evidence relating vitamin D insufficiency to childhood diarrhea. Methods We searched PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (from inception to August 2022), then independently reviewed the eligibility, and read full-text reviews for selected articles. Keywords used were ‘vitamin D’, ’25-hydroxyvitamin D’, ‘vitamin D deficiency’, ‘diarrhea’, ‘gastroenteritis’, ‘children’, and ‘pediatric’. The search was limited to studies only in English and with available full-text. Year limitation was not applied in our search. Unpublished trials, dissertations, preliminary reports, conference abstracts, and repositories were excluded from the study. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as the risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analysis using the random-effects model was done. Results Out of 5,565 articles, 12 articles were included in our systematic review, however only 7 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and diarrhea in children in developing countries (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.80; p = 0.01). On the secondary outcome, the association of vitamin D deficiency and duration or recurrences of diarrhea are conflicting. Conclusions There is an association between vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of diarrhea. Future studies should evaluate the causal association, the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the severity of diarrhea, and whether vitamin D deficiency treatments affects the prevalence of diarrhea.
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allfields	10.1186/s12887-024-04599-0 doi (DE-627)SPR054801885 (SPR)s12887-024-04599-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lazarus, Glen verfasserin aut The relationship of vitamin D deficiency and childhood diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2024 Introduction Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of childhood diarrhea. We aim to carry out a review and meta-analysis of the evidence relating vitamin D insufficiency to childhood diarrhea. Methods We searched PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (from inception to August 2022), then independently reviewed the eligibility, and read full-text reviews for selected articles. Keywords used were ‘vitamin D’, ’25-hydroxyvitamin D’, ‘vitamin D deficiency’, ‘diarrhea’, ‘gastroenteritis’, ‘children’, and ‘pediatric’. The search was limited to studies only in English and with available full-text. Year limitation was not applied in our search. Unpublished trials, dissertations, preliminary reports, conference abstracts, and repositories were excluded from the study. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as the risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analysis using the random-effects model was done. Results Out of 5,565 articles, 12 articles were included in our systematic review, however only 7 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and diarrhea in children in developing countries (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.80; p = 0.01). On the secondary outcome, the association of vitamin D deficiency and duration or recurrences of diarrhea are conflicting. Conclusions There is an association between vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of diarrhea. Future studies should evaluate the causal association, the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the severity of diarrhea, and whether vitamin D deficiency treatments affects the prevalence of diarrhea. Vitamin D deficiency (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pediatric (dpeaa)DE-He213 Childhood diarrhea (dpeaa)DE-He213 Putra, I Gusti Ngurah Sanjaya aut Junaidi, Michelle Clarissa aut Oswari, Jessica Sylvania aut Oswari, Hanifah aut Enthalten in BMC pediatrics London : BioMed Central, 2001 24(2024), 1 vom: 16. Feb. (DE-627)326643621 (DE-600)2041342-7 1471-2431 nnns volume:24 year:2024 number:1 day:16 month:02 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04599-0 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 24 2024 1 16 02
spelling	10.1186/s12887-024-04599-0 doi (DE-627)SPR054801885 (SPR)s12887-024-04599-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lazarus, Glen verfasserin aut The relationship of vitamin D deficiency and childhood diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2024 Introduction Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of childhood diarrhea. We aim to carry out a review and meta-analysis of the evidence relating vitamin D insufficiency to childhood diarrhea. Methods We searched PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (from inception to August 2022), then independently reviewed the eligibility, and read full-text reviews for selected articles. Keywords used were ‘vitamin D’, ’25-hydroxyvitamin D’, ‘vitamin D deficiency’, ‘diarrhea’, ‘gastroenteritis’, ‘children’, and ‘pediatric’. The search was limited to studies only in English and with available full-text. Year limitation was not applied in our search. Unpublished trials, dissertations, preliminary reports, conference abstracts, and repositories were excluded from the study. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as the risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analysis using the random-effects model was done. Results Out of 5,565 articles, 12 articles were included in our systematic review, however only 7 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and diarrhea in children in developing countries (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.80; p = 0.01). On the secondary outcome, the association of vitamin D deficiency and duration or recurrences of diarrhea are conflicting. Conclusions There is an association between vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of diarrhea. Future studies should evaluate the causal association, the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the severity of diarrhea, and whether vitamin D deficiency treatments affects the prevalence of diarrhea. Vitamin D deficiency (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pediatric (dpeaa)DE-He213 Childhood diarrhea (dpeaa)DE-He213 Putra, I Gusti Ngurah Sanjaya aut Junaidi, Michelle Clarissa aut Oswari, Jessica Sylvania aut Oswari, Hanifah aut Enthalten in BMC pediatrics London : BioMed Central, 2001 24(2024), 1 vom: 16. Feb. (DE-627)326643621 (DE-600)2041342-7 1471-2431 nnns volume:24 year:2024 number:1 day:16 month:02 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04599-0 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 24 2024 1 16 02
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s12887-024-04599-0 doi (DE-627)SPR054801885 (SPR)s12887-024-04599-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lazarus, Glen verfasserin aut The relationship of vitamin D deficiency and childhood diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2024 Introduction Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of childhood diarrhea. We aim to carry out a review and meta-analysis of the evidence relating vitamin D insufficiency to childhood diarrhea. Methods We searched PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (from inception to August 2022), then independently reviewed the eligibility, and read full-text reviews for selected articles. Keywords used were ‘vitamin D’, ’25-hydroxyvitamin D’, ‘vitamin D deficiency’, ‘diarrhea’, ‘gastroenteritis’, ‘children’, and ‘pediatric’. The search was limited to studies only in English and with available full-text. Year limitation was not applied in our search. Unpublished trials, dissertations, preliminary reports, conference abstracts, and repositories were excluded from the study. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as the risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analysis using the random-effects model was done. Results Out of 5,565 articles, 12 articles were included in our systematic review, however only 7 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and diarrhea in children in developing countries (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.80; p = 0.01). On the secondary outcome, the association of vitamin D deficiency and duration or recurrences of diarrhea are conflicting. Conclusions There is an association between vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of diarrhea. Future studies should evaluate the causal association, the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the severity of diarrhea, and whether vitamin D deficiency treatments affects the prevalence of diarrhea. Vitamin D deficiency (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pediatric (dpeaa)DE-He213 Childhood diarrhea (dpeaa)DE-He213 Putra, I Gusti Ngurah Sanjaya aut Junaidi, Michelle Clarissa aut Oswari, Jessica Sylvania aut Oswari, Hanifah aut Enthalten in BMC pediatrics London : BioMed Central, 2001 24(2024), 1 vom: 16. Feb. (DE-627)326643621 (DE-600)2041342-7 1471-2431 nnns volume:24 year:2024 number:1 day:16 month:02 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04599-0 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 24 2024 1 16 02
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s12887-024-04599-0 doi (DE-627)SPR054801885 (SPR)s12887-024-04599-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lazarus, Glen verfasserin aut The relationship of vitamin D deficiency and childhood diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2024 Introduction Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of childhood diarrhea. We aim to carry out a review and meta-analysis of the evidence relating vitamin D insufficiency to childhood diarrhea. Methods We searched PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (from inception to August 2022), then independently reviewed the eligibility, and read full-text reviews for selected articles. Keywords used were ‘vitamin D’, ’25-hydroxyvitamin D’, ‘vitamin D deficiency’, ‘diarrhea’, ‘gastroenteritis’, ‘children’, and ‘pediatric’. The search was limited to studies only in English and with available full-text. Year limitation was not applied in our search. Unpublished trials, dissertations, preliminary reports, conference abstracts, and repositories were excluded from the study. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as the risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analysis using the random-effects model was done. Results Out of 5,565 articles, 12 articles were included in our systematic review, however only 7 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and diarrhea in children in developing countries (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.80; p = 0.01). On the secondary outcome, the association of vitamin D deficiency and duration or recurrences of diarrhea are conflicting. Conclusions There is an association between vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of diarrhea. Future studies should evaluate the causal association, the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the severity of diarrhea, and whether vitamin D deficiency treatments affects the prevalence of diarrhea. Vitamin D deficiency (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pediatric (dpeaa)DE-He213 Childhood diarrhea (dpeaa)DE-He213 Putra, I Gusti Ngurah Sanjaya aut Junaidi, Michelle Clarissa aut Oswari, Jessica Sylvania aut Oswari, Hanifah aut Enthalten in BMC pediatrics London : BioMed Central, 2001 24(2024), 1 vom: 16. Feb. (DE-627)326643621 (DE-600)2041342-7 1471-2431 nnns volume:24 year:2024 number:1 day:16 month:02 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04599-0 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 24 2024 1 16 02
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s12887-024-04599-0 doi (DE-627)SPR054801885 (SPR)s12887-024-04599-0-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lazarus, Glen verfasserin aut The relationship of vitamin D deficiency and childhood diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2024 Introduction Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of childhood diarrhea. We aim to carry out a review and meta-analysis of the evidence relating vitamin D insufficiency to childhood diarrhea. Methods We searched PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (from inception to August 2022), then independently reviewed the eligibility, and read full-text reviews for selected articles. Keywords used were ‘vitamin D’, ’25-hydroxyvitamin D’, ‘vitamin D deficiency’, ‘diarrhea’, ‘gastroenteritis’, ‘children’, and ‘pediatric’. The search was limited to studies only in English and with available full-text. Year limitation was not applied in our search. Unpublished trials, dissertations, preliminary reports, conference abstracts, and repositories were excluded from the study. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as the risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analysis using the random-effects model was done. Results Out of 5,565 articles, 12 articles were included in our systematic review, however only 7 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and diarrhea in children in developing countries (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.80; p = 0.01). On the secondary outcome, the association of vitamin D deficiency and duration or recurrences of diarrhea are conflicting. Conclusions There is an association between vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of diarrhea. Future studies should evaluate the causal association, the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the severity of diarrhea, and whether vitamin D deficiency treatments affects the prevalence of diarrhea. Vitamin D deficiency (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pediatric (dpeaa)DE-He213 Childhood diarrhea (dpeaa)DE-He213 Putra, I Gusti Ngurah Sanjaya aut Junaidi, Michelle Clarissa aut Oswari, Jessica Sylvania aut Oswari, Hanifah aut Enthalten in BMC pediatrics London : BioMed Central, 2001 24(2024), 1 vom: 16. Feb. (DE-627)326643621 (DE-600)2041342-7 1471-2431 nnns volume:24 year:2024 number:1 day:16 month:02 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04599-0 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 24 2024 1 16 02
language	English
source	Enthalten in BMC pediatrics 24(2024), 1 vom: 16. Feb. volume:24 year:2024 number:1 day:16 month:02
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topic_facet	Vitamin D deficiency Pediatric Childhood diarrhea
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Lazarus, Glen @@aut@@ Putra, I Gusti Ngurah Sanjaya @@aut@@ Junaidi, Michelle Clarissa @@aut@@ Oswari, Jessica Sylvania @@aut@@ Oswari, Hanifah @@aut@@
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We aim to carry out a review and meta-analysis of the evidence relating vitamin D insufficiency to childhood diarrhea. Methods We searched PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (from inception to August 2022), then independently reviewed the eligibility, and read full-text reviews for selected articles. Keywords used were ‘vitamin D’, ’25-hydroxyvitamin D’, ‘vitamin D deficiency’, ‘diarrhea’, ‘gastroenteritis’, ‘children’, and ‘pediatric’. The search was limited to studies only in English and with available full-text. Year limitation was not applied in our search. Unpublished trials, dissertations, preliminary reports, conference abstracts, and repositories were excluded from the study. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as the risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analysis using the random-effects model was done. Results Out of 5,565 articles, 12 articles were included in our systematic review, however only 7 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and diarrhea in children in developing countries (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.80; p = 0.01). On the secondary outcome, the association of vitamin D deficiency and duration or recurrences of diarrhea are conflicting. Conclusions There is an association between vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of diarrhea. 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author	Lazarus, Glen
spellingShingle	Lazarus, Glen misc Vitamin D deficiency misc Pediatric misc Childhood diarrhea The relationship of vitamin D deficiency and childhood diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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topic_title	The relationship of vitamin D deficiency and childhood diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis Vitamin D deficiency (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pediatric (dpeaa)DE-He213 Childhood diarrhea (dpeaa)DE-He213
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title	The relationship of vitamin D deficiency and childhood diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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title_full	The relationship of vitamin D deficiency and childhood diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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title_sort	relationship of vitamin d deficiency and childhood diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_auth	The relationship of vitamin D deficiency and childhood diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
abstract	Introduction Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of childhood diarrhea. We aim to carry out a review and meta-analysis of the evidence relating vitamin D insufficiency to childhood diarrhea. Methods We searched PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (from inception to August 2022), then independently reviewed the eligibility, and read full-text reviews for selected articles. Keywords used were ‘vitamin D’, ’25-hydroxyvitamin D’, ‘vitamin D deficiency’, ‘diarrhea’, ‘gastroenteritis’, ‘children’, and ‘pediatric’. The search was limited to studies only in English and with available full-text. Year limitation was not applied in our search. Unpublished trials, dissertations, preliminary reports, conference abstracts, and repositories were excluded from the study. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as the risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analysis using the random-effects model was done. Results Out of 5,565 articles, 12 articles were included in our systematic review, however only 7 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and diarrhea in children in developing countries (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.80; p = 0.01). On the secondary outcome, the association of vitamin D deficiency and duration or recurrences of diarrhea are conflicting. Conclusions There is an association between vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of diarrhea. Future studies should evaluate the causal association, the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the severity of diarrhea, and whether vitamin D deficiency treatments affects the prevalence of diarrhea. © The Author(s) 2024
abstractGer	Introduction Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of childhood diarrhea. We aim to carry out a review and meta-analysis of the evidence relating vitamin D insufficiency to childhood diarrhea. Methods We searched PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (from inception to August 2022), then independently reviewed the eligibility, and read full-text reviews for selected articles. Keywords used were ‘vitamin D’, ’25-hydroxyvitamin D’, ‘vitamin D deficiency’, ‘diarrhea’, ‘gastroenteritis’, ‘children’, and ‘pediatric’. The search was limited to studies only in English and with available full-text. Year limitation was not applied in our search. Unpublished trials, dissertations, preliminary reports, conference abstracts, and repositories were excluded from the study. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as the risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analysis using the random-effects model was done. Results Out of 5,565 articles, 12 articles were included in our systematic review, however only 7 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and diarrhea in children in developing countries (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.80; p = 0.01). On the secondary outcome, the association of vitamin D deficiency and duration or recurrences of diarrhea are conflicting. Conclusions There is an association between vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of diarrhea. Future studies should evaluate the causal association, the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the severity of diarrhea, and whether vitamin D deficiency treatments affects the prevalence of diarrhea. © The Author(s) 2024
abstract_unstemmed	Introduction Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of childhood diarrhea. We aim to carry out a review and meta-analysis of the evidence relating vitamin D insufficiency to childhood diarrhea. Methods We searched PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (from inception to August 2022), then independently reviewed the eligibility, and read full-text reviews for selected articles. Keywords used were ‘vitamin D’, ’25-hydroxyvitamin D’, ‘vitamin D deficiency’, ‘diarrhea’, ‘gastroenteritis’, ‘children’, and ‘pediatric’. The search was limited to studies only in English and with available full-text. Year limitation was not applied in our search. Unpublished trials, dissertations, preliminary reports, conference abstracts, and repositories were excluded from the study. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as the risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analysis using the random-effects model was done. Results Out of 5,565 articles, 12 articles were included in our systematic review, however only 7 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and diarrhea in children in developing countries (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.80; p = 0.01). On the secondary outcome, the association of vitamin D deficiency and duration or recurrences of diarrhea are conflicting. Conclusions There is an association between vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of diarrhea. Future studies should evaluate the causal association, the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the severity of diarrhea, and whether vitamin D deficiency treatments affects the prevalence of diarrhea. © The Author(s) 2024
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title_short	The relationship of vitamin D deficiency and childhood diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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author2	Putra, I Gusti Ngurah Sanjaya Junaidi, Michelle Clarissa Oswari, Jessica Sylvania Oswari, Hanifah
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We aim to carry out a review and meta-analysis of the evidence relating vitamin D insufficiency to childhood diarrhea. Methods We searched PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (from inception to August 2022), then independently reviewed the eligibility, and read full-text reviews for selected articles. Keywords used were ‘vitamin D’, ’25-hydroxyvitamin D’, ‘vitamin D deficiency’, ‘diarrhea’, ‘gastroenteritis’, ‘children’, and ‘pediatric’. The search was limited to studies only in English and with available full-text. Year limitation was not applied in our search. Unpublished trials, dissertations, preliminary reports, conference abstracts, and repositories were excluded from the study. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as the risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analysis using the random-effects model was done. Results Out of 5,565 articles, 12 articles were included in our systematic review, however only 7 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. 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The relationship of vitamin D deficiency and childhood diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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