Characteristic Mode Analysis Based Highly Flexible Antenna For Millimeter Wave Wireless Applications

Abstract The millimeter wave spectrum fulfills the demand for higher data rates with low latency. Moreover, futuristic wearable gadgets demand flexible antennas operating at these frequencies, such that they can easily be accommodated. Therefore, the article focuses on designing a compact and highly...
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Autor*in:	Shariff, B. G. Parveez [verfasserIn] Pathan, Sameena Mane, Pallavi R. Ali, Tanweer

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	CMA Flexible antenna Millimeter Wave 5G

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s) 2023

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: International journal of infrared and millimeter waves - Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1980, 45(2023), 1-2 vom: 22. Dez., Seite 1-26
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:45 ; year:2023 ; number:1-2 ; day:22 ; month:12 ; pages:1-26

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s10762-023-00957-8

Katalog-ID:	SPR054819830

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520			\|a Abstract The millimeter wave spectrum fulfills the demand for higher data rates with low latency. Moreover, futuristic wearable gadgets demand flexible antennas operating at these frequencies, such that they can easily be accommodated. Therefore, the article focuses on designing a compact and highly flexible antenna with the aid of characteristic mode analysis (CMA). A thin polyimide substrate of 0.1 mm thickness is used to maintain flexibility. The overall antenna profile is %$0.61{\lambda }_{0} \times 0.61{\lambda }_{0}%$. The design evolves through four stages, where, in each stage, the solution to the surface current through eigenvalue leads to significant modes. The final stage design generated Mode 2 fundamental mode at 30.5 GHz along with contributing Modes 3 and 5 with a bandwidth range of 28-31.5 GHz. Further, the design is simulated using electromagnetic simulation software, and the prototype is fabricated. The simulated and measured reflection coefficient \|S11\| > 10 dB in 28.72-32 GHz and 28.9-31.75 GHz. The CMA analyzed, simulated, and measured gain is 4.82 and 5.6 dBi, respectively. The proposed antenna has a stable response for conformal orientations along the x and y-axis. The antenna has resulted in bidirectional radiation in the XZ plane with simulated and measured half-power-beam-width (HPBW) of 58° and 54°. In the YZ plane, it resulted in omnidirectional radiation. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The article also performs the link budget analysis. It suggested that the antenna can communicate 100 Mbps of data to a distance of 100 m and 1 Gbps of data up to 70 m. Thus, the proposed antenna structure is suitable for wearable, IoT, and other 5G wireless applications.
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allfields	10.1007/s10762-023-00957-8 doi (DE-627)SPR054819830 (SPR)s10762-023-00957-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Shariff, B. G. Parveez verfasserin aut Characteristic Mode Analysis Based Highly Flexible Antenna For Millimeter Wave Wireless Applications 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Abstract The millimeter wave spectrum fulfills the demand for higher data rates with low latency. Moreover, futuristic wearable gadgets demand flexible antennas operating at these frequencies, such that they can easily be accommodated. Therefore, the article focuses on designing a compact and highly flexible antenna with the aid of characteristic mode analysis (CMA). A thin polyimide substrate of 0.1 mm thickness is used to maintain flexibility. The overall antenna profile is %$0.61{\lambda }_{0} \times 0.61{\lambda }_{0}%$. The design evolves through four stages, where, in each stage, the solution to the surface current through eigenvalue leads to significant modes. The final stage design generated Mode 2 fundamental mode at 30.5 GHz along with contributing Modes 3 and 5 with a bandwidth range of 28-31.5 GHz. Further, the design is simulated using electromagnetic simulation software, and the prototype is fabricated. The simulated and measured reflection coefficient \|S11\| > 10 dB in 28.72-32 GHz and 28.9-31.75 GHz. The CMA analyzed, simulated, and measured gain is 4.82 and 5.6 dBi, respectively. The proposed antenna has a stable response for conformal orientations along the x and y-axis. The antenna has resulted in bidirectional radiation in the XZ plane with simulated and measured half-power-beam-width (HPBW) of 58° and 54°. In the YZ plane, it resulted in omnidirectional radiation. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The article also performs the link budget analysis. It suggested that the antenna can communicate 100 Mbps of data to a distance of 100 m and 1 Gbps of data up to 70 m. Thus, the proposed antenna structure is suitable for wearable, IoT, and other 5G wireless applications. CMA (dpeaa)DE-He213 Flexible antenna (dpeaa)DE-He213 Millimeter Wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 5G (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pathan, Sameena aut Mane, Pallavi R. aut Ali, Tanweer aut Enthalten in International journal of infrared and millimeter waves Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1980 45(2023), 1-2 vom: 22. Dez., Seite 1-26 (DE-627)319583627 (DE-600)2016007-0 1572-9559 nnns volume:45 year:2023 number:1-2 day:22 month:12 pages:1-26 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10762-023-00957-8 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 45 2023 1-2 22 12 1-26
spelling	10.1007/s10762-023-00957-8 doi (DE-627)SPR054819830 (SPR)s10762-023-00957-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Shariff, B. G. Parveez verfasserin aut Characteristic Mode Analysis Based Highly Flexible Antenna For Millimeter Wave Wireless Applications 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Abstract The millimeter wave spectrum fulfills the demand for higher data rates with low latency. Moreover, futuristic wearable gadgets demand flexible antennas operating at these frequencies, such that they can easily be accommodated. Therefore, the article focuses on designing a compact and highly flexible antenna with the aid of characteristic mode analysis (CMA). A thin polyimide substrate of 0.1 mm thickness is used to maintain flexibility. The overall antenna profile is %$0.61{\lambda }_{0} \times 0.61{\lambda }_{0}%$. The design evolves through four stages, where, in each stage, the solution to the surface current through eigenvalue leads to significant modes. The final stage design generated Mode 2 fundamental mode at 30.5 GHz along with contributing Modes 3 and 5 with a bandwidth range of 28-31.5 GHz. Further, the design is simulated using electromagnetic simulation software, and the prototype is fabricated. The simulated and measured reflection coefficient \|S11\| > 10 dB in 28.72-32 GHz and 28.9-31.75 GHz. The CMA analyzed, simulated, and measured gain is 4.82 and 5.6 dBi, respectively. The proposed antenna has a stable response for conformal orientations along the x and y-axis. The antenna has resulted in bidirectional radiation in the XZ plane with simulated and measured half-power-beam-width (HPBW) of 58° and 54°. In the YZ plane, it resulted in omnidirectional radiation. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The article also performs the link budget analysis. It suggested that the antenna can communicate 100 Mbps of data to a distance of 100 m and 1 Gbps of data up to 70 m. Thus, the proposed antenna structure is suitable for wearable, IoT, and other 5G wireless applications. CMA (dpeaa)DE-He213 Flexible antenna (dpeaa)DE-He213 Millimeter Wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 5G (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pathan, Sameena aut Mane, Pallavi R. aut Ali, Tanweer aut Enthalten in International journal of infrared and millimeter waves Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1980 45(2023), 1-2 vom: 22. Dez., Seite 1-26 (DE-627)319583627 (DE-600)2016007-0 1572-9559 nnns volume:45 year:2023 number:1-2 day:22 month:12 pages:1-26 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10762-023-00957-8 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 45 2023 1-2 22 12 1-26
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s10762-023-00957-8 doi (DE-627)SPR054819830 (SPR)s10762-023-00957-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Shariff, B. G. Parveez verfasserin aut Characteristic Mode Analysis Based Highly Flexible Antenna For Millimeter Wave Wireless Applications 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Abstract The millimeter wave spectrum fulfills the demand for higher data rates with low latency. Moreover, futuristic wearable gadgets demand flexible antennas operating at these frequencies, such that they can easily be accommodated. Therefore, the article focuses on designing a compact and highly flexible antenna with the aid of characteristic mode analysis (CMA). A thin polyimide substrate of 0.1 mm thickness is used to maintain flexibility. The overall antenna profile is %$0.61{\lambda }_{0} \times 0.61{\lambda }_{0}%$. The design evolves through four stages, where, in each stage, the solution to the surface current through eigenvalue leads to significant modes. The final stage design generated Mode 2 fundamental mode at 30.5 GHz along with contributing Modes 3 and 5 with a bandwidth range of 28-31.5 GHz. Further, the design is simulated using electromagnetic simulation software, and the prototype is fabricated. The simulated and measured reflection coefficient \|S11\| > 10 dB in 28.72-32 GHz and 28.9-31.75 GHz. The CMA analyzed, simulated, and measured gain is 4.82 and 5.6 dBi, respectively. The proposed antenna has a stable response for conformal orientations along the x and y-axis. The antenna has resulted in bidirectional radiation in the XZ plane with simulated and measured half-power-beam-width (HPBW) of 58° and 54°. In the YZ plane, it resulted in omnidirectional radiation. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The article also performs the link budget analysis. It suggested that the antenna can communicate 100 Mbps of data to a distance of 100 m and 1 Gbps of data up to 70 m. Thus, the proposed antenna structure is suitable for wearable, IoT, and other 5G wireless applications. CMA (dpeaa)DE-He213 Flexible antenna (dpeaa)DE-He213 Millimeter Wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 5G (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pathan, Sameena aut Mane, Pallavi R. aut Ali, Tanweer aut Enthalten in International journal of infrared and millimeter waves Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1980 45(2023), 1-2 vom: 22. Dez., Seite 1-26 (DE-627)319583627 (DE-600)2016007-0 1572-9559 nnns volume:45 year:2023 number:1-2 day:22 month:12 pages:1-26 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10762-023-00957-8 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 45 2023 1-2 22 12 1-26
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s10762-023-00957-8 doi (DE-627)SPR054819830 (SPR)s10762-023-00957-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Shariff, B. G. Parveez verfasserin aut Characteristic Mode Analysis Based Highly Flexible Antenna For Millimeter Wave Wireless Applications 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Abstract The millimeter wave spectrum fulfills the demand for higher data rates with low latency. Moreover, futuristic wearable gadgets demand flexible antennas operating at these frequencies, such that they can easily be accommodated. Therefore, the article focuses on designing a compact and highly flexible antenna with the aid of characteristic mode analysis (CMA). A thin polyimide substrate of 0.1 mm thickness is used to maintain flexibility. The overall antenna profile is %$0.61{\lambda }_{0} \times 0.61{\lambda }_{0}%$. The design evolves through four stages, where, in each stage, the solution to the surface current through eigenvalue leads to significant modes. The final stage design generated Mode 2 fundamental mode at 30.5 GHz along with contributing Modes 3 and 5 with a bandwidth range of 28-31.5 GHz. Further, the design is simulated using electromagnetic simulation software, and the prototype is fabricated. The simulated and measured reflection coefficient \|S11\| > 10 dB in 28.72-32 GHz and 28.9-31.75 GHz. The CMA analyzed, simulated, and measured gain is 4.82 and 5.6 dBi, respectively. The proposed antenna has a stable response for conformal orientations along the x and y-axis. The antenna has resulted in bidirectional radiation in the XZ plane with simulated and measured half-power-beam-width (HPBW) of 58° and 54°. In the YZ plane, it resulted in omnidirectional radiation. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The article also performs the link budget analysis. It suggested that the antenna can communicate 100 Mbps of data to a distance of 100 m and 1 Gbps of data up to 70 m. Thus, the proposed antenna structure is suitable for wearable, IoT, and other 5G wireless applications. CMA (dpeaa)DE-He213 Flexible antenna (dpeaa)DE-He213 Millimeter Wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 5G (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pathan, Sameena aut Mane, Pallavi R. aut Ali, Tanweer aut Enthalten in International journal of infrared and millimeter waves Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1980 45(2023), 1-2 vom: 22. Dez., Seite 1-26 (DE-627)319583627 (DE-600)2016007-0 1572-9559 nnns volume:45 year:2023 number:1-2 day:22 month:12 pages:1-26 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10762-023-00957-8 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 45 2023 1-2 22 12 1-26
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s10762-023-00957-8 doi (DE-627)SPR054819830 (SPR)s10762-023-00957-8-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Shariff, B. G. Parveez verfasserin aut Characteristic Mode Analysis Based Highly Flexible Antenna For Millimeter Wave Wireless Applications 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2023 Abstract The millimeter wave spectrum fulfills the demand for higher data rates with low latency. Moreover, futuristic wearable gadgets demand flexible antennas operating at these frequencies, such that they can easily be accommodated. Therefore, the article focuses on designing a compact and highly flexible antenna with the aid of characteristic mode analysis (CMA). A thin polyimide substrate of 0.1 mm thickness is used to maintain flexibility. The overall antenna profile is %$0.61{\lambda }_{0} \times 0.61{\lambda }_{0}%$. The design evolves through four stages, where, in each stage, the solution to the surface current through eigenvalue leads to significant modes. The final stage design generated Mode 2 fundamental mode at 30.5 GHz along with contributing Modes 3 and 5 with a bandwidth range of 28-31.5 GHz. Further, the design is simulated using electromagnetic simulation software, and the prototype is fabricated. The simulated and measured reflection coefficient \|S11\| > 10 dB in 28.72-32 GHz and 28.9-31.75 GHz. The CMA analyzed, simulated, and measured gain is 4.82 and 5.6 dBi, respectively. The proposed antenna has a stable response for conformal orientations along the x and y-axis. The antenna has resulted in bidirectional radiation in the XZ plane with simulated and measured half-power-beam-width (HPBW) of 58° and 54°. In the YZ plane, it resulted in omnidirectional radiation. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The article also performs the link budget analysis. It suggested that the antenna can communicate 100 Mbps of data to a distance of 100 m and 1 Gbps of data up to 70 m. Thus, the proposed antenna structure is suitable for wearable, IoT, and other 5G wireless applications. CMA (dpeaa)DE-He213 Flexible antenna (dpeaa)DE-He213 Millimeter Wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 5G (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pathan, Sameena aut Mane, Pallavi R. aut Ali, Tanweer aut Enthalten in International journal of infrared and millimeter waves Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1980 45(2023), 1-2 vom: 22. Dez., Seite 1-26 (DE-627)319583627 (DE-600)2016007-0 1572-9559 nnns volume:45 year:2023 number:1-2 day:22 month:12 pages:1-26 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10762-023-00957-8 kostenfrei Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 AR 45 2023 1-2 22 12 1-26
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source	Enthalten in International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 45(2023), 1-2 vom: 22. Dez., Seite 1-26 volume:45 year:2023 number:1-2 day:22 month:12 pages:1-26
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Parveez</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Characteristic Mode Analysis Based Highly Flexible Antenna For Millimeter Wave Wireless Applications</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2023</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© The Author(s) 2023</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract The millimeter wave spectrum fulfills the demand for higher data rates with low latency. Moreover, futuristic wearable gadgets demand flexible antennas operating at these frequencies, such that they can easily be accommodated. Therefore, the article focuses on designing a compact and highly flexible antenna with the aid of characteristic mode analysis (CMA). A thin polyimide substrate of 0.1 mm thickness is used to maintain flexibility. The overall antenna profile is %$0.61{\lambda }_{0} \times 0.61{\lambda }_{0}%$. The design evolves through four stages, where, in each stage, the solution to the surface current through eigenvalue leads to significant modes. The final stage design generated Mode 2 fundamental mode at 30.5 GHz along with contributing Modes 3 and 5 with a bandwidth range of 28-31.5 GHz. Further, the design is simulated using electromagnetic simulation software, and the prototype is fabricated. The simulated and measured reflection coefficient \|S11\| > 10 dB in 28.72-32 GHz and 28.9-31.75 GHz. 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author	Shariff, B. G. Parveez
spellingShingle	Shariff, B. G. Parveez misc CMA misc Flexible antenna misc Millimeter Wave misc 5G Characteristic Mode Analysis Based Highly Flexible Antenna For Millimeter Wave Wireless Applications
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topic_title	Characteristic Mode Analysis Based Highly Flexible Antenna For Millimeter Wave Wireless Applications CMA (dpeaa)DE-He213 Flexible antenna (dpeaa)DE-He213 Millimeter Wave (dpeaa)DE-He213 5G (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	misc CMA misc Flexible antenna misc Millimeter Wave misc 5G
topic_unstemmed	misc CMA misc Flexible antenna misc Millimeter Wave misc 5G
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title	Characteristic Mode Analysis Based Highly Flexible Antenna For Millimeter Wave Wireless Applications
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title_full	Characteristic Mode Analysis Based Highly Flexible Antenna For Millimeter Wave Wireless Applications
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author_browse	Shariff, B. G. Parveez Pathan, Sameena Mane, Pallavi R. Ali, Tanweer
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doi_str_mv	10.1007/s10762-023-00957-8
title_sort	characteristic mode analysis based highly flexible antenna for millimeter wave wireless applications
title_auth	Characteristic Mode Analysis Based Highly Flexible Antenna For Millimeter Wave Wireless Applications
abstract	Abstract The millimeter wave spectrum fulfills the demand for higher data rates with low latency. Moreover, futuristic wearable gadgets demand flexible antennas operating at these frequencies, such that they can easily be accommodated. Therefore, the article focuses on designing a compact and highly flexible antenna with the aid of characteristic mode analysis (CMA). A thin polyimide substrate of 0.1 mm thickness is used to maintain flexibility. The overall antenna profile is %$0.61{\lambda }_{0} \times 0.61{\lambda }_{0}%$. The design evolves through four stages, where, in each stage, the solution to the surface current through eigenvalue leads to significant modes. The final stage design generated Mode 2 fundamental mode at 30.5 GHz along with contributing Modes 3 and 5 with a bandwidth range of 28-31.5 GHz. Further, the design is simulated using electromagnetic simulation software, and the prototype is fabricated. The simulated and measured reflection coefficient \|S11\| > 10 dB in 28.72-32 GHz and 28.9-31.75 GHz. The CMA analyzed, simulated, and measured gain is 4.82 and 5.6 dBi, respectively. The proposed antenna has a stable response for conformal orientations along the x and y-axis. The antenna has resulted in bidirectional radiation in the XZ plane with simulated and measured half-power-beam-width (HPBW) of 58° and 54°. In the YZ plane, it resulted in omnidirectional radiation. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The article also performs the link budget analysis. It suggested that the antenna can communicate 100 Mbps of data to a distance of 100 m and 1 Gbps of data up to 70 m. Thus, the proposed antenna structure is suitable for wearable, IoT, and other 5G wireless applications. © The Author(s) 2023
abstractGer	Abstract The millimeter wave spectrum fulfills the demand for higher data rates with low latency. Moreover, futuristic wearable gadgets demand flexible antennas operating at these frequencies, such that they can easily be accommodated. Therefore, the article focuses on designing a compact and highly flexible antenna with the aid of characteristic mode analysis (CMA). A thin polyimide substrate of 0.1 mm thickness is used to maintain flexibility. The overall antenna profile is %$0.61{\lambda }_{0} \times 0.61{\lambda }_{0}%$. The design evolves through four stages, where, in each stage, the solution to the surface current through eigenvalue leads to significant modes. The final stage design generated Mode 2 fundamental mode at 30.5 GHz along with contributing Modes 3 and 5 with a bandwidth range of 28-31.5 GHz. Further, the design is simulated using electromagnetic simulation software, and the prototype is fabricated. The simulated and measured reflection coefficient \|S11\| > 10 dB in 28.72-32 GHz and 28.9-31.75 GHz. The CMA analyzed, simulated, and measured gain is 4.82 and 5.6 dBi, respectively. The proposed antenna has a stable response for conformal orientations along the x and y-axis. The antenna has resulted in bidirectional radiation in the XZ plane with simulated and measured half-power-beam-width (HPBW) of 58° and 54°. In the YZ plane, it resulted in omnidirectional radiation. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The article also performs the link budget analysis. It suggested that the antenna can communicate 100 Mbps of data to a distance of 100 m and 1 Gbps of data up to 70 m. Thus, the proposed antenna structure is suitable for wearable, IoT, and other 5G wireless applications. © The Author(s) 2023
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract The millimeter wave spectrum fulfills the demand for higher data rates with low latency. Moreover, futuristic wearable gadgets demand flexible antennas operating at these frequencies, such that they can easily be accommodated. Therefore, the article focuses on designing a compact and highly flexible antenna with the aid of characteristic mode analysis (CMA). A thin polyimide substrate of 0.1 mm thickness is used to maintain flexibility. The overall antenna profile is %$0.61{\lambda }_{0} \times 0.61{\lambda }_{0}%$. The design evolves through four stages, where, in each stage, the solution to the surface current through eigenvalue leads to significant modes. The final stage design generated Mode 2 fundamental mode at 30.5 GHz along with contributing Modes 3 and 5 with a bandwidth range of 28-31.5 GHz. Further, the design is simulated using electromagnetic simulation software, and the prototype is fabricated. The simulated and measured reflection coefficient \|S11\| > 10 dB in 28.72-32 GHz and 28.9-31.75 GHz. The CMA analyzed, simulated, and measured gain is 4.82 and 5.6 dBi, respectively. The proposed antenna has a stable response for conformal orientations along the x and y-axis. The antenna has resulted in bidirectional radiation in the XZ plane with simulated and measured half-power-beam-width (HPBW) of 58° and 54°. In the YZ plane, it resulted in omnidirectional radiation. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The article also performs the link budget analysis. It suggested that the antenna can communicate 100 Mbps of data to a distance of 100 m and 1 Gbps of data up to 70 m. Thus, the proposed antenna structure is suitable for wearable, IoT, and other 5G wireless applications. © The Author(s) 2023
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title_short	Characteristic Mode Analysis Based Highly Flexible Antenna For Millimeter Wave Wireless Applications
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10762-023-00957-8
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author2	Pathan, Sameena Mane, Pallavi R. Ali, Tanweer
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The CMA analyzed, simulated, and measured gain is 4.82 and 5.6 dBi, respectively. The proposed antenna has a stable response for conformal orientations along the x and y-axis. The antenna has resulted in bidirectional radiation in the XZ plane with simulated and measured half-power-beam-width (HPBW) of 58° and 54°. In the YZ plane, it resulted in omnidirectional radiation. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The article also performs the link budget analysis. It suggested that the antenna can communicate 100 Mbps of data to a distance of 100 m and 1 Gbps of data up to 70 m. 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Characteristic Mode Analysis Based Highly Flexible Antenna For Millimeter Wave Wireless Applications

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