Pixel Reduction of High-Resolution Image Using Principal Component Analysis
Abstract A high-definition picture needs more storage space and occupies the memory. For a model to run efficiently, we need to provide a good-quality image, but as we know, we should load a lot of data to obtain accurate results. While it is often applied for compressing or reducing the dimensional...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Radhakrishnan, Ramachandran [verfasserIn] |
---|
Format: |
E-Artikel |
---|---|
Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2024 |
---|
Schlagwörter: |
---|
Anmerkung: |
© Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
---|
Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing - Neu Delhi : Springer India, 2008, 52(2024), 2 vom: Feb., Seite 315-326 |
---|---|
Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:52 ; year:2024 ; number:2 ; month:02 ; pages:315-326 |
Links: |
---|
DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s12524-024-01815-3 |
---|
Katalog-ID: |
SPR055057985 |
---|
LEADER | 01000naa a22002652 4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | SPR055057985 | ||
003 | DE-627 | ||
005 | 20240308064702.0 | ||
007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
008 | 240308s2024 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
024 | 7 | |a 10.1007/s12524-024-01815-3 |2 doi | |
035 | |a (DE-627)SPR055057985 | ||
035 | |a (SPR)s12524-024-01815-3-e | ||
040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rakwb | ||
041 | |a eng | ||
100 | 1 | |a Radhakrishnan, Ramachandran |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Pixel Reduction of High-Resolution Image Using Principal Component Analysis |
264 | 1 | |c 2024 | |
336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |a Computermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |a Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
500 | |a © Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. | ||
520 | |a Abstract A high-definition picture needs more storage space and occupies the memory. For a model to run efficiently, we need to provide a good-quality image, but as we know, we should load a lot of data to obtain accurate results. While it is often applied for compressing or reducing the dimensionality of high-resolution images, it is not specifically designed for pixel reduction. However, we can use principal component analysis (PCA) to achieve pixel reduction by treating the image as a matrix and applying PCA on its pixel values. It is important to note that while PCA can reduce the dimensionality of an image, it does not necessarily reduce the storage size unless the image has a high number of pixels compared to the number of components retained. Experimental results indicate that principal component analysis (PCA) proves effective in addressing these challenges by efficiently reducing the dimensionality of image data while retaining the principal properties of the original image. This reduction in dimensionality not only mitigates data transmission issues but also results in more efficient storage utilization. Additionally, reducing the number of pixels through PCA may result in some loss of detail and image quality. For this reason, we choose PCA, an efficient algorithm for reducing high-dimensional data. In machine learning, a picture with so many pixels will be considered high-dimensional data. The principal component analysis is a decomposition algorithm. It is a fundamental decomposition algorithm which reduces the dimensions in a dataset. Discovering the new variables, referred to as principal components, serves to streamline the solution to the eigenvalue/eigenvectors problem. PCA can be characterized as an adaptive data analysis technology since these variables are crafted to adjust to diverse data types and structures. Comparative analysis proves that the proposed method is more efficient. The study converts the image's pixel dimension from the original data, attaining a pixel rate of 3,155,200-to-100-pixel rate. Therefore, converting a 9,465,600-byte image to a 300-byte image, pixel is usually 3 bytes. Further research will be investigating an alternative dimension reduction approach for solving nonlinear problem space with correlated variables. | ||
650 | 4 | |a Image compression |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
650 | 4 | |a Principal component analysis |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
650 | 4 | |a Dimensionality reduction |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
650 | 4 | |a Open CV (Open-Source Computer Vision Library) |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
650 | 4 | |a Background masking |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
700 | 1 | |a Thirunavukkarasu, Manimegalai |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Thandaiah Prabu, R. |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Ramkumar, G. |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Saravanakumar, S. |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Gopalan, Anitha |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Rama Lahari, V. |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Anusha, B. |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Ahammad, Shaik Hasane |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Rashed, Ahmed Nabih Zaki |0 (orcid)0000-0002-5338-1623 |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Hossain, Md. Amzad |4 aut | |
773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing |d Neu Delhi : Springer India, 2008 |g 52(2024), 2 vom: Feb., Seite 315-326 |w (DE-627)573088853 |w (DE-600)2439566-3 |x 0974-3006 |7 nnns |
773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:52 |g year:2024 |g number:2 |g month:02 |g pages:315-326 |
856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12524-024-01815-3 |z lizenzpflichtig |3 Volltext |
912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_A | ||
912 | |a SYSFLAG_A | ||
912 | |a GBV_SPRINGER | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_11 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_20 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_22 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_23 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_24 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_31 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_32 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_39 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_40 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_60 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_62 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_63 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_65 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_69 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_70 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_73 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_74 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_90 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_95 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_100 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_105 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_110 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_120 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_138 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_150 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_151 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_152 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_161 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_170 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_171 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_187 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_213 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_224 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_230 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_250 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_281 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_285 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_293 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_370 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_602 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_636 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_702 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2001 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2003 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2004 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2005 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2006 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2007 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2009 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2010 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2011 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2014 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2015 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2020 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2021 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2025 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2026 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2027 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2031 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2034 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2037 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2038 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2039 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2044 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2048 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2049 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2050 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2055 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2056 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2057 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2059 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2061 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2064 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2065 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2068 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2088 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2093 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2106 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2107 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2108 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2110 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2111 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2112 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2113 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2118 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2122 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2129 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2143 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2144 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2147 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2148 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2152 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2153 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2188 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2190 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2232 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2336 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2446 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2470 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2472 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2507 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2522 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2548 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4035 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4037 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4046 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4112 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4125 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4126 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4242 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4246 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4249 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4251 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4305 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4306 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4307 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4313 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4322 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4323 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4324 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4325 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4326 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4328 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4333 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4334 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4335 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4336 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4338 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4393 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4700 | ||
951 | |a AR | ||
952 | |d 52 |j 2024 |e 2 |c 02 |h 315-326 |
author_variant |
r r rr m t mt p r t pr prt g r gr s s ss a g ag l v r lv lvr b a ba s h a sh sha a n z r anz anzr m a h ma mah |
---|---|
matchkey_str |
article:09743006:2024----::ierdcinfiheouinmguigrnia |
hierarchy_sort_str |
2024 |
publishDate |
2024 |
allfields |
10.1007/s12524-024-01815-3 doi (DE-627)SPR055057985 (SPR)s12524-024-01815-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Radhakrishnan, Ramachandran verfasserin aut Pixel Reduction of High-Resolution Image Using Principal Component Analysis 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract A high-definition picture needs more storage space and occupies the memory. For a model to run efficiently, we need to provide a good-quality image, but as we know, we should load a lot of data to obtain accurate results. While it is often applied for compressing or reducing the dimensionality of high-resolution images, it is not specifically designed for pixel reduction. However, we can use principal component analysis (PCA) to achieve pixel reduction by treating the image as a matrix and applying PCA on its pixel values. It is important to note that while PCA can reduce the dimensionality of an image, it does not necessarily reduce the storage size unless the image has a high number of pixels compared to the number of components retained. Experimental results indicate that principal component analysis (PCA) proves effective in addressing these challenges by efficiently reducing the dimensionality of image data while retaining the principal properties of the original image. This reduction in dimensionality not only mitigates data transmission issues but also results in more efficient storage utilization. Additionally, reducing the number of pixels through PCA may result in some loss of detail and image quality. For this reason, we choose PCA, an efficient algorithm for reducing high-dimensional data. In machine learning, a picture with so many pixels will be considered high-dimensional data. The principal component analysis is a decomposition algorithm. It is a fundamental decomposition algorithm which reduces the dimensions in a dataset. Discovering the new variables, referred to as principal components, serves to streamline the solution to the eigenvalue/eigenvectors problem. PCA can be characterized as an adaptive data analysis technology since these variables are crafted to adjust to diverse data types and structures. Comparative analysis proves that the proposed method is more efficient. The study converts the image's pixel dimension from the original data, attaining a pixel rate of 3,155,200-to-100-pixel rate. Therefore, converting a 9,465,600-byte image to a 300-byte image, pixel is usually 3 bytes. Further research will be investigating an alternative dimension reduction approach for solving nonlinear problem space with correlated variables. Image compression (dpeaa)DE-He213 Principal component analysis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Dimensionality reduction (dpeaa)DE-He213 Open CV (Open-Source Computer Vision Library) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Background masking (dpeaa)DE-He213 Thirunavukkarasu, Manimegalai aut Thandaiah Prabu, R. aut Ramkumar, G. aut Saravanakumar, S. aut Gopalan, Anitha aut Rama Lahari, V. aut Anusha, B. aut Ahammad, Shaik Hasane aut Rashed, Ahmed Nabih Zaki (orcid)0000-0002-5338-1623 aut Hossain, Md. Amzad aut Enthalten in Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing Neu Delhi : Springer India, 2008 52(2024), 2 vom: Feb., Seite 315-326 (DE-627)573088853 (DE-600)2439566-3 0974-3006 nnns volume:52 year:2024 number:2 month:02 pages:315-326 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12524-024-01815-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 52 2024 2 02 315-326 |
spelling |
10.1007/s12524-024-01815-3 doi (DE-627)SPR055057985 (SPR)s12524-024-01815-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Radhakrishnan, Ramachandran verfasserin aut Pixel Reduction of High-Resolution Image Using Principal Component Analysis 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract A high-definition picture needs more storage space and occupies the memory. For a model to run efficiently, we need to provide a good-quality image, but as we know, we should load a lot of data to obtain accurate results. While it is often applied for compressing or reducing the dimensionality of high-resolution images, it is not specifically designed for pixel reduction. However, we can use principal component analysis (PCA) to achieve pixel reduction by treating the image as a matrix and applying PCA on its pixel values. It is important to note that while PCA can reduce the dimensionality of an image, it does not necessarily reduce the storage size unless the image has a high number of pixels compared to the number of components retained. Experimental results indicate that principal component analysis (PCA) proves effective in addressing these challenges by efficiently reducing the dimensionality of image data while retaining the principal properties of the original image. This reduction in dimensionality not only mitigates data transmission issues but also results in more efficient storage utilization. Additionally, reducing the number of pixels through PCA may result in some loss of detail and image quality. For this reason, we choose PCA, an efficient algorithm for reducing high-dimensional data. In machine learning, a picture with so many pixels will be considered high-dimensional data. The principal component analysis is a decomposition algorithm. It is a fundamental decomposition algorithm which reduces the dimensions in a dataset. Discovering the new variables, referred to as principal components, serves to streamline the solution to the eigenvalue/eigenvectors problem. PCA can be characterized as an adaptive data analysis technology since these variables are crafted to adjust to diverse data types and structures. Comparative analysis proves that the proposed method is more efficient. The study converts the image's pixel dimension from the original data, attaining a pixel rate of 3,155,200-to-100-pixel rate. Therefore, converting a 9,465,600-byte image to a 300-byte image, pixel is usually 3 bytes. Further research will be investigating an alternative dimension reduction approach for solving nonlinear problem space with correlated variables. Image compression (dpeaa)DE-He213 Principal component analysis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Dimensionality reduction (dpeaa)DE-He213 Open CV (Open-Source Computer Vision Library) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Background masking (dpeaa)DE-He213 Thirunavukkarasu, Manimegalai aut Thandaiah Prabu, R. aut Ramkumar, G. aut Saravanakumar, S. aut Gopalan, Anitha aut Rama Lahari, V. aut Anusha, B. aut Ahammad, Shaik Hasane aut Rashed, Ahmed Nabih Zaki (orcid)0000-0002-5338-1623 aut Hossain, Md. Amzad aut Enthalten in Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing Neu Delhi : Springer India, 2008 52(2024), 2 vom: Feb., Seite 315-326 (DE-627)573088853 (DE-600)2439566-3 0974-3006 nnns volume:52 year:2024 number:2 month:02 pages:315-326 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12524-024-01815-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 52 2024 2 02 315-326 |
allfields_unstemmed |
10.1007/s12524-024-01815-3 doi (DE-627)SPR055057985 (SPR)s12524-024-01815-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Radhakrishnan, Ramachandran verfasserin aut Pixel Reduction of High-Resolution Image Using Principal Component Analysis 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract A high-definition picture needs more storage space and occupies the memory. For a model to run efficiently, we need to provide a good-quality image, but as we know, we should load a lot of data to obtain accurate results. While it is often applied for compressing or reducing the dimensionality of high-resolution images, it is not specifically designed for pixel reduction. However, we can use principal component analysis (PCA) to achieve pixel reduction by treating the image as a matrix and applying PCA on its pixel values. It is important to note that while PCA can reduce the dimensionality of an image, it does not necessarily reduce the storage size unless the image has a high number of pixels compared to the number of components retained. Experimental results indicate that principal component analysis (PCA) proves effective in addressing these challenges by efficiently reducing the dimensionality of image data while retaining the principal properties of the original image. This reduction in dimensionality not only mitigates data transmission issues but also results in more efficient storage utilization. Additionally, reducing the number of pixels through PCA may result in some loss of detail and image quality. For this reason, we choose PCA, an efficient algorithm for reducing high-dimensional data. In machine learning, a picture with so many pixels will be considered high-dimensional data. The principal component analysis is a decomposition algorithm. It is a fundamental decomposition algorithm which reduces the dimensions in a dataset. Discovering the new variables, referred to as principal components, serves to streamline the solution to the eigenvalue/eigenvectors problem. PCA can be characterized as an adaptive data analysis technology since these variables are crafted to adjust to diverse data types and structures. Comparative analysis proves that the proposed method is more efficient. The study converts the image's pixel dimension from the original data, attaining a pixel rate of 3,155,200-to-100-pixel rate. Therefore, converting a 9,465,600-byte image to a 300-byte image, pixel is usually 3 bytes. Further research will be investigating an alternative dimension reduction approach for solving nonlinear problem space with correlated variables. Image compression (dpeaa)DE-He213 Principal component analysis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Dimensionality reduction (dpeaa)DE-He213 Open CV (Open-Source Computer Vision Library) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Background masking (dpeaa)DE-He213 Thirunavukkarasu, Manimegalai aut Thandaiah Prabu, R. aut Ramkumar, G. aut Saravanakumar, S. aut Gopalan, Anitha aut Rama Lahari, V. aut Anusha, B. aut Ahammad, Shaik Hasane aut Rashed, Ahmed Nabih Zaki (orcid)0000-0002-5338-1623 aut Hossain, Md. Amzad aut Enthalten in Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing Neu Delhi : Springer India, 2008 52(2024), 2 vom: Feb., Seite 315-326 (DE-627)573088853 (DE-600)2439566-3 0974-3006 nnns volume:52 year:2024 number:2 month:02 pages:315-326 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12524-024-01815-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 52 2024 2 02 315-326 |
allfieldsGer |
10.1007/s12524-024-01815-3 doi (DE-627)SPR055057985 (SPR)s12524-024-01815-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Radhakrishnan, Ramachandran verfasserin aut Pixel Reduction of High-Resolution Image Using Principal Component Analysis 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract A high-definition picture needs more storage space and occupies the memory. For a model to run efficiently, we need to provide a good-quality image, but as we know, we should load a lot of data to obtain accurate results. While it is often applied for compressing or reducing the dimensionality of high-resolution images, it is not specifically designed for pixel reduction. However, we can use principal component analysis (PCA) to achieve pixel reduction by treating the image as a matrix and applying PCA on its pixel values. It is important to note that while PCA can reduce the dimensionality of an image, it does not necessarily reduce the storage size unless the image has a high number of pixels compared to the number of components retained. Experimental results indicate that principal component analysis (PCA) proves effective in addressing these challenges by efficiently reducing the dimensionality of image data while retaining the principal properties of the original image. This reduction in dimensionality not only mitigates data transmission issues but also results in more efficient storage utilization. Additionally, reducing the number of pixels through PCA may result in some loss of detail and image quality. For this reason, we choose PCA, an efficient algorithm for reducing high-dimensional data. In machine learning, a picture with so many pixels will be considered high-dimensional data. The principal component analysis is a decomposition algorithm. It is a fundamental decomposition algorithm which reduces the dimensions in a dataset. Discovering the new variables, referred to as principal components, serves to streamline the solution to the eigenvalue/eigenvectors problem. PCA can be characterized as an adaptive data analysis technology since these variables are crafted to adjust to diverse data types and structures. Comparative analysis proves that the proposed method is more efficient. The study converts the image's pixel dimension from the original data, attaining a pixel rate of 3,155,200-to-100-pixel rate. Therefore, converting a 9,465,600-byte image to a 300-byte image, pixel is usually 3 bytes. Further research will be investigating an alternative dimension reduction approach for solving nonlinear problem space with correlated variables. Image compression (dpeaa)DE-He213 Principal component analysis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Dimensionality reduction (dpeaa)DE-He213 Open CV (Open-Source Computer Vision Library) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Background masking (dpeaa)DE-He213 Thirunavukkarasu, Manimegalai aut Thandaiah Prabu, R. aut Ramkumar, G. aut Saravanakumar, S. aut Gopalan, Anitha aut Rama Lahari, V. aut Anusha, B. aut Ahammad, Shaik Hasane aut Rashed, Ahmed Nabih Zaki (orcid)0000-0002-5338-1623 aut Hossain, Md. Amzad aut Enthalten in Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing Neu Delhi : Springer India, 2008 52(2024), 2 vom: Feb., Seite 315-326 (DE-627)573088853 (DE-600)2439566-3 0974-3006 nnns volume:52 year:2024 number:2 month:02 pages:315-326 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12524-024-01815-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 52 2024 2 02 315-326 |
allfieldsSound |
10.1007/s12524-024-01815-3 doi (DE-627)SPR055057985 (SPR)s12524-024-01815-3-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Radhakrishnan, Ramachandran verfasserin aut Pixel Reduction of High-Resolution Image Using Principal Component Analysis 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract A high-definition picture needs more storage space and occupies the memory. For a model to run efficiently, we need to provide a good-quality image, but as we know, we should load a lot of data to obtain accurate results. While it is often applied for compressing or reducing the dimensionality of high-resolution images, it is not specifically designed for pixel reduction. However, we can use principal component analysis (PCA) to achieve pixel reduction by treating the image as a matrix and applying PCA on its pixel values. It is important to note that while PCA can reduce the dimensionality of an image, it does not necessarily reduce the storage size unless the image has a high number of pixels compared to the number of components retained. Experimental results indicate that principal component analysis (PCA) proves effective in addressing these challenges by efficiently reducing the dimensionality of image data while retaining the principal properties of the original image. This reduction in dimensionality not only mitigates data transmission issues but also results in more efficient storage utilization. Additionally, reducing the number of pixels through PCA may result in some loss of detail and image quality. For this reason, we choose PCA, an efficient algorithm for reducing high-dimensional data. In machine learning, a picture with so many pixels will be considered high-dimensional data. The principal component analysis is a decomposition algorithm. It is a fundamental decomposition algorithm which reduces the dimensions in a dataset. Discovering the new variables, referred to as principal components, serves to streamline the solution to the eigenvalue/eigenvectors problem. PCA can be characterized as an adaptive data analysis technology since these variables are crafted to adjust to diverse data types and structures. Comparative analysis proves that the proposed method is more efficient. The study converts the image's pixel dimension from the original data, attaining a pixel rate of 3,155,200-to-100-pixel rate. Therefore, converting a 9,465,600-byte image to a 300-byte image, pixel is usually 3 bytes. Further research will be investigating an alternative dimension reduction approach for solving nonlinear problem space with correlated variables. Image compression (dpeaa)DE-He213 Principal component analysis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Dimensionality reduction (dpeaa)DE-He213 Open CV (Open-Source Computer Vision Library) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Background masking (dpeaa)DE-He213 Thirunavukkarasu, Manimegalai aut Thandaiah Prabu, R. aut Ramkumar, G. aut Saravanakumar, S. aut Gopalan, Anitha aut Rama Lahari, V. aut Anusha, B. aut Ahammad, Shaik Hasane aut Rashed, Ahmed Nabih Zaki (orcid)0000-0002-5338-1623 aut Hossain, Md. Amzad aut Enthalten in Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing Neu Delhi : Springer India, 2008 52(2024), 2 vom: Feb., Seite 315-326 (DE-627)573088853 (DE-600)2439566-3 0974-3006 nnns volume:52 year:2024 number:2 month:02 pages:315-326 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12524-024-01815-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 52 2024 2 02 315-326 |
language |
English |
source |
Enthalten in Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 52(2024), 2 vom: Feb., Seite 315-326 volume:52 year:2024 number:2 month:02 pages:315-326 |
sourceStr |
Enthalten in Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 52(2024), 2 vom: Feb., Seite 315-326 volume:52 year:2024 number:2 month:02 pages:315-326 |
format_phy_str_mv |
Article |
institution |
findex.gbv.de |
topic_facet |
Image compression Principal component analysis Dimensionality reduction Open CV (Open-Source Computer Vision Library) Background masking |
isfreeaccess_bool |
false |
container_title |
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing |
authorswithroles_txt_mv |
Radhakrishnan, Ramachandran @@aut@@ Thirunavukkarasu, Manimegalai @@aut@@ Thandaiah Prabu, R. @@aut@@ Ramkumar, G. @@aut@@ Saravanakumar, S. @@aut@@ Gopalan, Anitha @@aut@@ Rama Lahari, V. @@aut@@ Anusha, B. @@aut@@ Ahammad, Shaik Hasane @@aut@@ Rashed, Ahmed Nabih Zaki @@aut@@ Hossain, Md. Amzad @@aut@@ |
publishDateDaySort_date |
2024-02-01T00:00:00Z |
hierarchy_top_id |
573088853 |
id |
SPR055057985 |
language_de |
englisch |
fullrecord |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000naa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">SPR055057985</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20240308064702.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">240308s2024 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1007/s12524-024-01815-3</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)SPR055057985</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(SPR)s12524-024-01815-3-e</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Radhakrishnan, Ramachandran</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Pixel Reduction of High-Resolution Image Using Principal Component Analysis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2024</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract A high-definition picture needs more storage space and occupies the memory. For a model to run efficiently, we need to provide a good-quality image, but as we know, we should load a lot of data to obtain accurate results. While it is often applied for compressing or reducing the dimensionality of high-resolution images, it is not specifically designed for pixel reduction. However, we can use principal component analysis (PCA) to achieve pixel reduction by treating the image as a matrix and applying PCA on its pixel values. It is important to note that while PCA can reduce the dimensionality of an image, it does not necessarily reduce the storage size unless the image has a high number of pixels compared to the number of components retained. Experimental results indicate that principal component analysis (PCA) proves effective in addressing these challenges by efficiently reducing the dimensionality of image data while retaining the principal properties of the original image. This reduction in dimensionality not only mitigates data transmission issues but also results in more efficient storage utilization. Additionally, reducing the number of pixels through PCA may result in some loss of detail and image quality. For this reason, we choose PCA, an efficient algorithm for reducing high-dimensional data. In machine learning, a picture with so many pixels will be considered high-dimensional data. The principal component analysis is a decomposition algorithm. It is a fundamental decomposition algorithm which reduces the dimensions in a dataset. Discovering the new variables, referred to as principal components, serves to streamline the solution to the eigenvalue/eigenvectors problem. PCA can be characterized as an adaptive data analysis technology since these variables are crafted to adjust to diverse data types and structures. Comparative analysis proves that the proposed method is more efficient. The study converts the image's pixel dimension from the original data, attaining a pixel rate of 3,155,200-to-100-pixel rate. Therefore, converting a 9,465,600-byte image to a 300-byte image, pixel is usually 3 bytes. Further research will be investigating an alternative dimension reduction approach for solving nonlinear problem space with correlated variables.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Image compression</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Principal component analysis</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Dimensionality reduction</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Open CV (Open-Source Computer Vision Library)</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Background masking</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Thirunavukkarasu, Manimegalai</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Thandaiah Prabu, R.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ramkumar, G.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Saravanakumar, S.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Gopalan, Anitha</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Rama Lahari, V.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Anusha, B.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ahammad, Shaik Hasane</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Rashed, Ahmed Nabih Zaki</subfield><subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0002-5338-1623</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Hossain, Md. Amzad</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing</subfield><subfield code="d">Neu Delhi : Springer India, 2008</subfield><subfield code="g">52(2024), 2 vom: Feb., Seite 315-326</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)573088853</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)2439566-3</subfield><subfield code="x">0974-3006</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:52</subfield><subfield code="g">year:2024</subfield><subfield code="g">number:2</subfield><subfield code="g">month:02</subfield><subfield code="g">pages:315-326</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12524-024-01815-3</subfield><subfield code="z">lizenzpflichtig</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_SPRINGER</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_11</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_31</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_32</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_39</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_40</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_60</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_62</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_63</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_65</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_69</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_70</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_73</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_74</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_90</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_95</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_100</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_105</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_110</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_120</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_138</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_150</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_151</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_152</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_161</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_170</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_171</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_187</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_224</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_230</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_250</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_281</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_285</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_293</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_370</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_602</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_636</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_702</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2001</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2003</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2004</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2005</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2006</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2007</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2009</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2010</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2011</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2015</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2025</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2026</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2027</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2031</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2034</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2037</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2038</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2039</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2044</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2048</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2049</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2050</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2055</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2056</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2057</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2059</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2061</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2064</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2065</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2068</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2088</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2093</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2106</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2107</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2108</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2110</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2111</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2113</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2118</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2122</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2129</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2143</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2144</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2147</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2148</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2152</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2153</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2188</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2190</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2232</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2336</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2446</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2470</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2472</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2507</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2522</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2548</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4035</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4037</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4046</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4125</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4126</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4242</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4246</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4249</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4251</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4305</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4306</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4307</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4313</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4322</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4323</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4324</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4325</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4326</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4328</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4333</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4334</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4335</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4336</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4338</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4393</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4700</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">52</subfield><subfield code="j">2024</subfield><subfield code="e">2</subfield><subfield code="c">02</subfield><subfield code="h">315-326</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
|
author |
Radhakrishnan, Ramachandran |
spellingShingle |
Radhakrishnan, Ramachandran misc Image compression misc Principal component analysis misc Dimensionality reduction misc Open CV (Open-Source Computer Vision Library) misc Background masking Pixel Reduction of High-Resolution Image Using Principal Component Analysis |
authorStr |
Radhakrishnan, Ramachandran |
ppnlink_with_tag_str_mv |
@@773@@(DE-627)573088853 |
format |
electronic Article |
delete_txt_mv |
keep |
author_role |
aut aut aut aut aut aut aut aut aut aut aut |
collection |
springer |
remote_str |
true |
illustrated |
Not Illustrated |
issn |
0974-3006 |
topic_title |
Pixel Reduction of High-Resolution Image Using Principal Component Analysis Image compression (dpeaa)DE-He213 Principal component analysis (dpeaa)DE-He213 Dimensionality reduction (dpeaa)DE-He213 Open CV (Open-Source Computer Vision Library) (dpeaa)DE-He213 Background masking (dpeaa)DE-He213 |
topic |
misc Image compression misc Principal component analysis misc Dimensionality reduction misc Open CV (Open-Source Computer Vision Library) misc Background masking |
topic_unstemmed |
misc Image compression misc Principal component analysis misc Dimensionality reduction misc Open CV (Open-Source Computer Vision Library) misc Background masking |
topic_browse |
misc Image compression misc Principal component analysis misc Dimensionality reduction misc Open CV (Open-Source Computer Vision Library) misc Background masking |
format_facet |
Elektronische Aufsätze Aufsätze Elektronische Ressource |
format_main_str_mv |
Text Zeitschrift/Artikel |
carriertype_str_mv |
cr |
hierarchy_parent_title |
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing |
hierarchy_parent_id |
573088853 |
hierarchy_top_title |
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing |
isfreeaccess_txt |
false |
familylinks_str_mv |
(DE-627)573088853 (DE-600)2439566-3 |
title |
Pixel Reduction of High-Resolution Image Using Principal Component Analysis |
ctrlnum |
(DE-627)SPR055057985 (SPR)s12524-024-01815-3-e |
title_full |
Pixel Reduction of High-Resolution Image Using Principal Component Analysis |
author_sort |
Radhakrishnan, Ramachandran |
journal |
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing |
journalStr |
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing |
lang_code |
eng |
isOA_bool |
false |
recordtype |
marc |
publishDateSort |
2024 |
contenttype_str_mv |
txt |
container_start_page |
315 |
author_browse |
Radhakrishnan, Ramachandran Thirunavukkarasu, Manimegalai Thandaiah Prabu, R. Ramkumar, G. Saravanakumar, S. Gopalan, Anitha Rama Lahari, V. Anusha, B. Ahammad, Shaik Hasane Rashed, Ahmed Nabih Zaki Hossain, Md. Amzad |
container_volume |
52 |
format_se |
Elektronische Aufsätze |
author-letter |
Radhakrishnan, Ramachandran |
doi_str_mv |
10.1007/s12524-024-01815-3 |
normlink |
(ORCID)0000-0002-5338-1623 |
normlink_prefix_str_mv |
(orcid)0000-0002-5338-1623 |
title_sort |
pixel reduction of high-resolution image using principal component analysis |
title_auth |
Pixel Reduction of High-Resolution Image Using Principal Component Analysis |
abstract |
Abstract A high-definition picture needs more storage space and occupies the memory. For a model to run efficiently, we need to provide a good-quality image, but as we know, we should load a lot of data to obtain accurate results. While it is often applied for compressing or reducing the dimensionality of high-resolution images, it is not specifically designed for pixel reduction. However, we can use principal component analysis (PCA) to achieve pixel reduction by treating the image as a matrix and applying PCA on its pixel values. It is important to note that while PCA can reduce the dimensionality of an image, it does not necessarily reduce the storage size unless the image has a high number of pixels compared to the number of components retained. Experimental results indicate that principal component analysis (PCA) proves effective in addressing these challenges by efficiently reducing the dimensionality of image data while retaining the principal properties of the original image. This reduction in dimensionality not only mitigates data transmission issues but also results in more efficient storage utilization. Additionally, reducing the number of pixels through PCA may result in some loss of detail and image quality. For this reason, we choose PCA, an efficient algorithm for reducing high-dimensional data. In machine learning, a picture with so many pixels will be considered high-dimensional data. The principal component analysis is a decomposition algorithm. It is a fundamental decomposition algorithm which reduces the dimensions in a dataset. Discovering the new variables, referred to as principal components, serves to streamline the solution to the eigenvalue/eigenvectors problem. PCA can be characterized as an adaptive data analysis technology since these variables are crafted to adjust to diverse data types and structures. Comparative analysis proves that the proposed method is more efficient. The study converts the image's pixel dimension from the original data, attaining a pixel rate of 3,155,200-to-100-pixel rate. Therefore, converting a 9,465,600-byte image to a 300-byte image, pixel is usually 3 bytes. Further research will be investigating an alternative dimension reduction approach for solving nonlinear problem space with correlated variables. © Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
abstractGer |
Abstract A high-definition picture needs more storage space and occupies the memory. For a model to run efficiently, we need to provide a good-quality image, but as we know, we should load a lot of data to obtain accurate results. While it is often applied for compressing or reducing the dimensionality of high-resolution images, it is not specifically designed for pixel reduction. However, we can use principal component analysis (PCA) to achieve pixel reduction by treating the image as a matrix and applying PCA on its pixel values. It is important to note that while PCA can reduce the dimensionality of an image, it does not necessarily reduce the storage size unless the image has a high number of pixels compared to the number of components retained. Experimental results indicate that principal component analysis (PCA) proves effective in addressing these challenges by efficiently reducing the dimensionality of image data while retaining the principal properties of the original image. This reduction in dimensionality not only mitigates data transmission issues but also results in more efficient storage utilization. Additionally, reducing the number of pixels through PCA may result in some loss of detail and image quality. For this reason, we choose PCA, an efficient algorithm for reducing high-dimensional data. In machine learning, a picture with so many pixels will be considered high-dimensional data. The principal component analysis is a decomposition algorithm. It is a fundamental decomposition algorithm which reduces the dimensions in a dataset. Discovering the new variables, referred to as principal components, serves to streamline the solution to the eigenvalue/eigenvectors problem. PCA can be characterized as an adaptive data analysis technology since these variables are crafted to adjust to diverse data types and structures. Comparative analysis proves that the proposed method is more efficient. The study converts the image's pixel dimension from the original data, attaining a pixel rate of 3,155,200-to-100-pixel rate. Therefore, converting a 9,465,600-byte image to a 300-byte image, pixel is usually 3 bytes. Further research will be investigating an alternative dimension reduction approach for solving nonlinear problem space with correlated variables. © Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract A high-definition picture needs more storage space and occupies the memory. For a model to run efficiently, we need to provide a good-quality image, but as we know, we should load a lot of data to obtain accurate results. While it is often applied for compressing or reducing the dimensionality of high-resolution images, it is not specifically designed for pixel reduction. However, we can use principal component analysis (PCA) to achieve pixel reduction by treating the image as a matrix and applying PCA on its pixel values. It is important to note that while PCA can reduce the dimensionality of an image, it does not necessarily reduce the storage size unless the image has a high number of pixels compared to the number of components retained. Experimental results indicate that principal component analysis (PCA) proves effective in addressing these challenges by efficiently reducing the dimensionality of image data while retaining the principal properties of the original image. This reduction in dimensionality not only mitigates data transmission issues but also results in more efficient storage utilization. Additionally, reducing the number of pixels through PCA may result in some loss of detail and image quality. For this reason, we choose PCA, an efficient algorithm for reducing high-dimensional data. In machine learning, a picture with so many pixels will be considered high-dimensional data. The principal component analysis is a decomposition algorithm. It is a fundamental decomposition algorithm which reduces the dimensions in a dataset. Discovering the new variables, referred to as principal components, serves to streamline the solution to the eigenvalue/eigenvectors problem. PCA can be characterized as an adaptive data analysis technology since these variables are crafted to adjust to diverse data types and structures. Comparative analysis proves that the proposed method is more efficient. The study converts the image's pixel dimension from the original data, attaining a pixel rate of 3,155,200-to-100-pixel rate. Therefore, converting a 9,465,600-byte image to a 300-byte image, pixel is usually 3 bytes. Further research will be investigating an alternative dimension reduction approach for solving nonlinear problem space with correlated variables. © Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
collection_details |
GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 |
container_issue |
2 |
title_short |
Pixel Reduction of High-Resolution Image Using Principal Component Analysis |
url |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12524-024-01815-3 |
remote_bool |
true |
author2 |
Thirunavukkarasu, Manimegalai Thandaiah Prabu, R. Ramkumar, G. Saravanakumar, S. Gopalan, Anitha Rama Lahari, V. Anusha, B. Ahammad, Shaik Hasane Rashed, Ahmed Nabih Zaki Hossain, Md. Amzad |
author2Str |
Thirunavukkarasu, Manimegalai Thandaiah Prabu, R. Ramkumar, G. Saravanakumar, S. Gopalan, Anitha Rama Lahari, V. Anusha, B. Ahammad, Shaik Hasane Rashed, Ahmed Nabih Zaki Hossain, Md. Amzad |
ppnlink |
573088853 |
mediatype_str_mv |
c |
isOA_txt |
false |
hochschulschrift_bool |
false |
doi_str |
10.1007/s12524-024-01815-3 |
up_date |
2024-07-04T04:00:57.275Z |
_version_ |
1803619566640693248 |
fullrecord_marcxml |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000naa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">SPR055057985</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20240308064702.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">240308s2024 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1007/s12524-024-01815-3</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)SPR055057985</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(SPR)s12524-024-01815-3-e</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Radhakrishnan, Ramachandran</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Pixel Reduction of High-Resolution Image Using Principal Component Analysis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2024</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract A high-definition picture needs more storage space and occupies the memory. For a model to run efficiently, we need to provide a good-quality image, but as we know, we should load a lot of data to obtain accurate results. While it is often applied for compressing or reducing the dimensionality of high-resolution images, it is not specifically designed for pixel reduction. However, we can use principal component analysis (PCA) to achieve pixel reduction by treating the image as a matrix and applying PCA on its pixel values. It is important to note that while PCA can reduce the dimensionality of an image, it does not necessarily reduce the storage size unless the image has a high number of pixels compared to the number of components retained. Experimental results indicate that principal component analysis (PCA) proves effective in addressing these challenges by efficiently reducing the dimensionality of image data while retaining the principal properties of the original image. This reduction in dimensionality not only mitigates data transmission issues but also results in more efficient storage utilization. Additionally, reducing the number of pixels through PCA may result in some loss of detail and image quality. For this reason, we choose PCA, an efficient algorithm for reducing high-dimensional data. In machine learning, a picture with so many pixels will be considered high-dimensional data. The principal component analysis is a decomposition algorithm. It is a fundamental decomposition algorithm which reduces the dimensions in a dataset. Discovering the new variables, referred to as principal components, serves to streamline the solution to the eigenvalue/eigenvectors problem. PCA can be characterized as an adaptive data analysis technology since these variables are crafted to adjust to diverse data types and structures. Comparative analysis proves that the proposed method is more efficient. The study converts the image's pixel dimension from the original data, attaining a pixel rate of 3,155,200-to-100-pixel rate. Therefore, converting a 9,465,600-byte image to a 300-byte image, pixel is usually 3 bytes. Further research will be investigating an alternative dimension reduction approach for solving nonlinear problem space with correlated variables.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Image compression</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Principal component analysis</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Dimensionality reduction</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Open CV (Open-Source Computer Vision Library)</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Background masking</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Thirunavukkarasu, Manimegalai</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Thandaiah Prabu, R.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ramkumar, G.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Saravanakumar, S.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Gopalan, Anitha</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Rama Lahari, V.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Anusha, B.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ahammad, Shaik Hasane</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Rashed, Ahmed Nabih Zaki</subfield><subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0002-5338-1623</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Hossain, Md. Amzad</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing</subfield><subfield code="d">Neu Delhi : Springer India, 2008</subfield><subfield code="g">52(2024), 2 vom: Feb., Seite 315-326</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)573088853</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)2439566-3</subfield><subfield code="x">0974-3006</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:52</subfield><subfield code="g">year:2024</subfield><subfield code="g">number:2</subfield><subfield code="g">month:02</subfield><subfield code="g">pages:315-326</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12524-024-01815-3</subfield><subfield code="z">lizenzpflichtig</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_SPRINGER</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_11</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_31</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_32</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_39</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_40</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_60</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_62</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_63</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_65</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_69</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_70</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_73</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_74</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_90</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_95</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_100</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_105</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_110</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_120</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_138</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_150</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_151</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_152</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_161</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_170</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_171</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_187</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_224</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_230</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_250</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_281</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_285</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_293</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_370</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_602</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_636</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_702</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2001</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2003</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2004</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2005</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2006</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2007</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2009</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2010</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2011</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2015</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2025</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2026</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2027</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2031</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2034</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2037</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2038</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2039</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2044</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2048</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2049</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2050</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2055</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2056</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2057</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2059</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2061</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2064</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2065</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2068</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2088</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2093</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2106</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2107</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2108</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2110</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2111</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2113</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2118</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2122</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2129</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2143</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2144</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2147</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2148</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2152</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2153</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2188</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2190</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2232</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2336</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2446</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2470</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2472</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2507</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2522</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2548</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4035</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4037</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4046</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4125</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4126</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4242</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4246</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4249</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4251</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4305</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4306</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4307</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4313</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4322</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4323</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4324</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4325</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4326</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4328</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4333</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4334</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4335</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4336</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4338</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4393</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4700</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">52</subfield><subfield code="j">2024</subfield><subfield code="e">2</subfield><subfield code="c">02</subfield><subfield code="h">315-326</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
|
score |
7.3995123 |