Energetic analysis and economic viability of active atmospheric water generation technologies
Abstract Water scarcity is a growing global and systematic problem in regions with low groundwater availability. Atmospheric water generation (AWG) technologies are an innovative solution to the water shortage problem, as atmospheric water vapor is a readily available resource even in arid regions,...
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| Autor*in: |
Potyka, Julius [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2024 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© The Author(s) 2024 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Discover applied sciences - Springer International Publishing, 2024, 6(2024), 4 vom: 20. März |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:6 ; year:2024 ; number:4 ; day:20 ; month:03 |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s42452-024-05746-z |
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SPR055232795 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Water scarcity is a growing global and systematic problem in regions with low groundwater availability. Atmospheric water generation (AWG) technologies are an innovative solution to the water shortage problem, as atmospheric water vapor is a readily available resource even in arid regions, with the drawback of high energy consumption. In this paper, the viability of AWG technologies on an energy and economic level is investigated by thermodynamic modeling of three main active AWG systems consisting of cooling condensation, adsorption and absorption processes. A location analysis model is developed to evaluate the performance based on representative weather data of temperature, pressure and relative humidity over a period of one year to account for seasonal shifts and daily variations in climatic conditions. The specific energy consumption kWh/kg, water production trend and total specific cost are calculated for each technology. Water production by seawater desalination at the nearest coastline and transportation to the site by tanker truck, as well as bottled water prices, are used as benchmarks to assess economic viability. The results show that active AWG systems can only be an economically viable alternative if the water consumption site is relatively far from the coast or other water-rich regions and low electricity costs are available (distance >600 km, electricity price <0.10 US$/kWh). Compared to bottled water, all AWG technologies are in a competitive price range. Absorption systems have an energy efficiency advantage over conventional cooling condensation and adsorption systems (cooling condensation: average 0.42 kWh/kg; absorption: average 0.38 kWh/kg; adsorption: average 1.16 kWh/kg), but require a higher degree of process and plant design development. However, because of the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be considered as a complementary supply to conventional water sources. | ||
| 520 | |a Article Highlights Modelling of three main atmospheric water generation systems using thermodynamic models to compare energy efficiency.Active atmospheric water generation systems can be energetically and economically feasible in beneficial circumstances.Due to the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be seen as an additional supply to conventional water sources. | ||
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10.1007/s42452-024-05746-z doi (DE-627)SPR055232795 (SPR)s42452-024-05746-z-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Potyka, Julius verfasserin aut Energetic analysis and economic viability of active atmospheric water generation technologies 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2024 Abstract Water scarcity is a growing global and systematic problem in regions with low groundwater availability. Atmospheric water generation (AWG) technologies are an innovative solution to the water shortage problem, as atmospheric water vapor is a readily available resource even in arid regions, with the drawback of high energy consumption. In this paper, the viability of AWG technologies on an energy and economic level is investigated by thermodynamic modeling of three main active AWG systems consisting of cooling condensation, adsorption and absorption processes. A location analysis model is developed to evaluate the performance based on representative weather data of temperature, pressure and relative humidity over a period of one year to account for seasonal shifts and daily variations in climatic conditions. The specific energy consumption kWh/kg, water production trend and total specific cost are calculated for each technology. Water production by seawater desalination at the nearest coastline and transportation to the site by tanker truck, as well as bottled water prices, are used as benchmarks to assess economic viability. The results show that active AWG systems can only be an economically viable alternative if the water consumption site is relatively far from the coast or other water-rich regions and low electricity costs are available (distance >600 km, electricity price <0.10 US$/kWh). Compared to bottled water, all AWG technologies are in a competitive price range. Absorption systems have an energy efficiency advantage over conventional cooling condensation and adsorption systems (cooling condensation: average 0.42 kWh/kg; absorption: average 0.38 kWh/kg; adsorption: average 1.16 kWh/kg), but require a higher degree of process and plant design development. However, because of the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be considered as a complementary supply to conventional water sources. Article Highlights Modelling of three main atmospheric water generation systems using thermodynamic models to compare energy efficiency.Active atmospheric water generation systems can be energetically and economically feasible in beneficial circumstances.Due to the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be seen as an additional supply to conventional water sources. Atmospheric water generation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Atmospheric water harvesting (dpeaa)DE-He213 Absorption (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adsorption (dpeaa)DE-He213 Desorption (dpeaa)DE-He213 Condensation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Dalibard, Antoine aut Tovar, Günter aut Enthalten in Discover applied sciences Springer International Publishing, 2024 6(2024), 4 vom: 20. März Online-Ressource (DE-627)1882945751 (DE-600)3181295-8 3004-9261 nnns volume:6 year:2024 number:4 day:20 month:03 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-05746-z kostenfrei Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2024 4 20 03 |
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10.1007/s42452-024-05746-z doi (DE-627)SPR055232795 (SPR)s42452-024-05746-z-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Potyka, Julius verfasserin aut Energetic analysis and economic viability of active atmospheric water generation technologies 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2024 Abstract Water scarcity is a growing global and systematic problem in regions with low groundwater availability. Atmospheric water generation (AWG) technologies are an innovative solution to the water shortage problem, as atmospheric water vapor is a readily available resource even in arid regions, with the drawback of high energy consumption. In this paper, the viability of AWG technologies on an energy and economic level is investigated by thermodynamic modeling of three main active AWG systems consisting of cooling condensation, adsorption and absorption processes. A location analysis model is developed to evaluate the performance based on representative weather data of temperature, pressure and relative humidity over a period of one year to account for seasonal shifts and daily variations in climatic conditions. The specific energy consumption kWh/kg, water production trend and total specific cost are calculated for each technology. Water production by seawater desalination at the nearest coastline and transportation to the site by tanker truck, as well as bottled water prices, are used as benchmarks to assess economic viability. The results show that active AWG systems can only be an economically viable alternative if the water consumption site is relatively far from the coast or other water-rich regions and low electricity costs are available (distance >600 km, electricity price <0.10 US$/kWh). Compared to bottled water, all AWG technologies are in a competitive price range. Absorption systems have an energy efficiency advantage over conventional cooling condensation and adsorption systems (cooling condensation: average 0.42 kWh/kg; absorption: average 0.38 kWh/kg; adsorption: average 1.16 kWh/kg), but require a higher degree of process and plant design development. However, because of the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be considered as a complementary supply to conventional water sources. Article Highlights Modelling of three main atmospheric water generation systems using thermodynamic models to compare energy efficiency.Active atmospheric water generation systems can be energetically and economically feasible in beneficial circumstances.Due to the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be seen as an additional supply to conventional water sources. Atmospheric water generation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Atmospheric water harvesting (dpeaa)DE-He213 Absorption (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adsorption (dpeaa)DE-He213 Desorption (dpeaa)DE-He213 Condensation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Dalibard, Antoine aut Tovar, Günter aut Enthalten in Discover applied sciences Springer International Publishing, 2024 6(2024), 4 vom: 20. März Online-Ressource (DE-627)1882945751 (DE-600)3181295-8 3004-9261 nnns volume:6 year:2024 number:4 day:20 month:03 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-05746-z kostenfrei Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2024 4 20 03 |
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10.1007/s42452-024-05746-z doi (DE-627)SPR055232795 (SPR)s42452-024-05746-z-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Potyka, Julius verfasserin aut Energetic analysis and economic viability of active atmospheric water generation technologies 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2024 Abstract Water scarcity is a growing global and systematic problem in regions with low groundwater availability. Atmospheric water generation (AWG) technologies are an innovative solution to the water shortage problem, as atmospheric water vapor is a readily available resource even in arid regions, with the drawback of high energy consumption. In this paper, the viability of AWG technologies on an energy and economic level is investigated by thermodynamic modeling of three main active AWG systems consisting of cooling condensation, adsorption and absorption processes. A location analysis model is developed to evaluate the performance based on representative weather data of temperature, pressure and relative humidity over a period of one year to account for seasonal shifts and daily variations in climatic conditions. The specific energy consumption kWh/kg, water production trend and total specific cost are calculated for each technology. Water production by seawater desalination at the nearest coastline and transportation to the site by tanker truck, as well as bottled water prices, are used as benchmarks to assess economic viability. The results show that active AWG systems can only be an economically viable alternative if the water consumption site is relatively far from the coast or other water-rich regions and low electricity costs are available (distance >600 km, electricity price <0.10 US$/kWh). Compared to bottled water, all AWG technologies are in a competitive price range. Absorption systems have an energy efficiency advantage over conventional cooling condensation and adsorption systems (cooling condensation: average 0.42 kWh/kg; absorption: average 0.38 kWh/kg; adsorption: average 1.16 kWh/kg), but require a higher degree of process and plant design development. However, because of the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be considered as a complementary supply to conventional water sources. Article Highlights Modelling of three main atmospheric water generation systems using thermodynamic models to compare energy efficiency.Active atmospheric water generation systems can be energetically and economically feasible in beneficial circumstances.Due to the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be seen as an additional supply to conventional water sources. Atmospheric water generation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Atmospheric water harvesting (dpeaa)DE-He213 Absorption (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adsorption (dpeaa)DE-He213 Desorption (dpeaa)DE-He213 Condensation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Dalibard, Antoine aut Tovar, Günter aut Enthalten in Discover applied sciences Springer International Publishing, 2024 6(2024), 4 vom: 20. März Online-Ressource (DE-627)1882945751 (DE-600)3181295-8 3004-9261 nnns volume:6 year:2024 number:4 day:20 month:03 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-05746-z kostenfrei Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2024 4 20 03 |
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10.1007/s42452-024-05746-z doi (DE-627)SPR055232795 (SPR)s42452-024-05746-z-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Potyka, Julius verfasserin aut Energetic analysis and economic viability of active atmospheric water generation technologies 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2024 Abstract Water scarcity is a growing global and systematic problem in regions with low groundwater availability. Atmospheric water generation (AWG) technologies are an innovative solution to the water shortage problem, as atmospheric water vapor is a readily available resource even in arid regions, with the drawback of high energy consumption. In this paper, the viability of AWG technologies on an energy and economic level is investigated by thermodynamic modeling of three main active AWG systems consisting of cooling condensation, adsorption and absorption processes. A location analysis model is developed to evaluate the performance based on representative weather data of temperature, pressure and relative humidity over a period of one year to account for seasonal shifts and daily variations in climatic conditions. The specific energy consumption kWh/kg, water production trend and total specific cost are calculated for each technology. Water production by seawater desalination at the nearest coastline and transportation to the site by tanker truck, as well as bottled water prices, are used as benchmarks to assess economic viability. The results show that active AWG systems can only be an economically viable alternative if the water consumption site is relatively far from the coast or other water-rich regions and low electricity costs are available (distance >600 km, electricity price <0.10 US$/kWh). Compared to bottled water, all AWG technologies are in a competitive price range. Absorption systems have an energy efficiency advantage over conventional cooling condensation and adsorption systems (cooling condensation: average 0.42 kWh/kg; absorption: average 0.38 kWh/kg; adsorption: average 1.16 kWh/kg), but require a higher degree of process and plant design development. However, because of the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be considered as a complementary supply to conventional water sources. Article Highlights Modelling of three main atmospheric water generation systems using thermodynamic models to compare energy efficiency.Active atmospheric water generation systems can be energetically and economically feasible in beneficial circumstances.Due to the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be seen as an additional supply to conventional water sources. Atmospheric water generation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Atmospheric water harvesting (dpeaa)DE-He213 Absorption (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adsorption (dpeaa)DE-He213 Desorption (dpeaa)DE-He213 Condensation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Dalibard, Antoine aut Tovar, Günter aut Enthalten in Discover applied sciences Springer International Publishing, 2024 6(2024), 4 vom: 20. März Online-Ressource (DE-627)1882945751 (DE-600)3181295-8 3004-9261 nnns volume:6 year:2024 number:4 day:20 month:03 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-05746-z kostenfrei Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2024 4 20 03 |
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10.1007/s42452-024-05746-z doi (DE-627)SPR055232795 (SPR)s42452-024-05746-z-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Potyka, Julius verfasserin aut Energetic analysis and economic viability of active atmospheric water generation technologies 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2024 Abstract Water scarcity is a growing global and systematic problem in regions with low groundwater availability. Atmospheric water generation (AWG) technologies are an innovative solution to the water shortage problem, as atmospheric water vapor is a readily available resource even in arid regions, with the drawback of high energy consumption. In this paper, the viability of AWG technologies on an energy and economic level is investigated by thermodynamic modeling of three main active AWG systems consisting of cooling condensation, adsorption and absorption processes. A location analysis model is developed to evaluate the performance based on representative weather data of temperature, pressure and relative humidity over a period of one year to account for seasonal shifts and daily variations in climatic conditions. The specific energy consumption kWh/kg, water production trend and total specific cost are calculated for each technology. Water production by seawater desalination at the nearest coastline and transportation to the site by tanker truck, as well as bottled water prices, are used as benchmarks to assess economic viability. The results show that active AWG systems can only be an economically viable alternative if the water consumption site is relatively far from the coast or other water-rich regions and low electricity costs are available (distance >600 km, electricity price <0.10 US$/kWh). Compared to bottled water, all AWG technologies are in a competitive price range. Absorption systems have an energy efficiency advantage over conventional cooling condensation and adsorption systems (cooling condensation: average 0.42 kWh/kg; absorption: average 0.38 kWh/kg; adsorption: average 1.16 kWh/kg), but require a higher degree of process and plant design development. However, because of the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be considered as a complementary supply to conventional water sources. Article Highlights Modelling of three main atmospheric water generation systems using thermodynamic models to compare energy efficiency.Active atmospheric water generation systems can be energetically and economically feasible in beneficial circumstances.Due to the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be seen as an additional supply to conventional water sources. Atmospheric water generation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Atmospheric water harvesting (dpeaa)DE-He213 Absorption (dpeaa)DE-He213 Adsorption (dpeaa)DE-He213 Desorption (dpeaa)DE-He213 Condensation (dpeaa)DE-He213 Dalibard, Antoine aut Tovar, Günter aut Enthalten in Discover applied sciences Springer International Publishing, 2024 6(2024), 4 vom: 20. März Online-Ressource (DE-627)1882945751 (DE-600)3181295-8 3004-9261 nnns volume:6 year:2024 number:4 day:20 month:03 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-05746-z kostenfrei Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2024 4 20 03 |
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energetic analysis and economic viability of active atmospheric water generation technologies |
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Energetic analysis and economic viability of active atmospheric water generation technologies |
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Abstract Water scarcity is a growing global and systematic problem in regions with low groundwater availability. Atmospheric water generation (AWG) technologies are an innovative solution to the water shortage problem, as atmospheric water vapor is a readily available resource even in arid regions, with the drawback of high energy consumption. In this paper, the viability of AWG technologies on an energy and economic level is investigated by thermodynamic modeling of three main active AWG systems consisting of cooling condensation, adsorption and absorption processes. A location analysis model is developed to evaluate the performance based on representative weather data of temperature, pressure and relative humidity over a period of one year to account for seasonal shifts and daily variations in climatic conditions. The specific energy consumption kWh/kg, water production trend and total specific cost are calculated for each technology. Water production by seawater desalination at the nearest coastline and transportation to the site by tanker truck, as well as bottled water prices, are used as benchmarks to assess economic viability. The results show that active AWG systems can only be an economically viable alternative if the water consumption site is relatively far from the coast or other water-rich regions and low electricity costs are available (distance >600 km, electricity price <0.10 US$/kWh). Compared to bottled water, all AWG technologies are in a competitive price range. Absorption systems have an energy efficiency advantage over conventional cooling condensation and adsorption systems (cooling condensation: average 0.42 kWh/kg; absorption: average 0.38 kWh/kg; adsorption: average 1.16 kWh/kg), but require a higher degree of process and plant design development. However, because of the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be considered as a complementary supply to conventional water sources. Article Highlights Modelling of three main atmospheric water generation systems using thermodynamic models to compare energy efficiency.Active atmospheric water generation systems can be energetically and economically feasible in beneficial circumstances.Due to the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be seen as an additional supply to conventional water sources. © The Author(s) 2024 |
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Abstract Water scarcity is a growing global and systematic problem in regions with low groundwater availability. Atmospheric water generation (AWG) technologies are an innovative solution to the water shortage problem, as atmospheric water vapor is a readily available resource even in arid regions, with the drawback of high energy consumption. In this paper, the viability of AWG technologies on an energy and economic level is investigated by thermodynamic modeling of three main active AWG systems consisting of cooling condensation, adsorption and absorption processes. A location analysis model is developed to evaluate the performance based on representative weather data of temperature, pressure and relative humidity over a period of one year to account for seasonal shifts and daily variations in climatic conditions. The specific energy consumption kWh/kg, water production trend and total specific cost are calculated for each technology. Water production by seawater desalination at the nearest coastline and transportation to the site by tanker truck, as well as bottled water prices, are used as benchmarks to assess economic viability. The results show that active AWG systems can only be an economically viable alternative if the water consumption site is relatively far from the coast or other water-rich regions and low electricity costs are available (distance >600 km, electricity price <0.10 US$/kWh). Compared to bottled water, all AWG technologies are in a competitive price range. Absorption systems have an energy efficiency advantage over conventional cooling condensation and adsorption systems (cooling condensation: average 0.42 kWh/kg; absorption: average 0.38 kWh/kg; adsorption: average 1.16 kWh/kg), but require a higher degree of process and plant design development. However, because of the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be considered as a complementary supply to conventional water sources. Article Highlights Modelling of three main atmospheric water generation systems using thermodynamic models to compare energy efficiency.Active atmospheric water generation systems can be energetically and economically feasible in beneficial circumstances.Due to the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be seen as an additional supply to conventional water sources. © The Author(s) 2024 |
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Abstract Water scarcity is a growing global and systematic problem in regions with low groundwater availability. Atmospheric water generation (AWG) technologies are an innovative solution to the water shortage problem, as atmospheric water vapor is a readily available resource even in arid regions, with the drawback of high energy consumption. In this paper, the viability of AWG technologies on an energy and economic level is investigated by thermodynamic modeling of three main active AWG systems consisting of cooling condensation, adsorption and absorption processes. A location analysis model is developed to evaluate the performance based on representative weather data of temperature, pressure and relative humidity over a period of one year to account for seasonal shifts and daily variations in climatic conditions. The specific energy consumption kWh/kg, water production trend and total specific cost are calculated for each technology. Water production by seawater desalination at the nearest coastline and transportation to the site by tanker truck, as well as bottled water prices, are used as benchmarks to assess economic viability. The results show that active AWG systems can only be an economically viable alternative if the water consumption site is relatively far from the coast or other water-rich regions and low electricity costs are available (distance >600 km, electricity price <0.10 US$/kWh). Compared to bottled water, all AWG technologies are in a competitive price range. Absorption systems have an energy efficiency advantage over conventional cooling condensation and adsorption systems (cooling condensation: average 0.42 kWh/kg; absorption: average 0.38 kWh/kg; adsorption: average 1.16 kWh/kg), but require a higher degree of process and plant design development. However, because of the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be considered as a complementary supply to conventional water sources. Article Highlights Modelling of three main atmospheric water generation systems using thermodynamic models to compare energy efficiency.Active atmospheric water generation systems can be energetically and economically feasible in beneficial circumstances.Due to the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be seen as an additional supply to conventional water sources. © The Author(s) 2024 |
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Water production by seawater desalination at the nearest coastline and transportation to the site by tanker truck, as well as bottled water prices, are used as benchmarks to assess economic viability. The results show that active AWG systems can only be an economically viable alternative if the water consumption site is relatively far from the coast or other water-rich regions and low electricity costs are available (distance >600 km, electricity price <0.10 US$/kWh). Compared to bottled water, all AWG technologies are in a competitive price range. Absorption systems have an energy efficiency advantage over conventional cooling condensation and adsorption systems (cooling condensation: average 0.42 kWh/kg; absorption: average 0.38 kWh/kg; adsorption: average 1.16 kWh/kg), but require a higher degree of process and plant design development. However, because of the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be considered as a complementary supply to conventional water sources.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Article Highlights Modelling of three main atmospheric water generation systems using thermodynamic models to compare energy efficiency.Active atmospheric water generation systems can be energetically and economically feasible in beneficial circumstances.Due to the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be seen as an additional supply to conventional water sources.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Atmospheric water generation</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Atmospheric water harvesting</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Absorption</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Adsorption</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Desorption</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Condensation</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Dalibard, Antoine</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Tovar, Günter</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Discover applied sciences</subfield><subfield code="d">Springer International Publishing, 2024</subfield><subfield code="g">6(2024), 4 vom: 20. März</subfield><subfield code="h">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)1882945751</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)3181295-8</subfield><subfield code="x">3004-9261</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:6</subfield><subfield code="g">year:2024</subfield><subfield code="g">number:4</subfield><subfield code="g">day:20</subfield><subfield code="g">month:03</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-05746-z</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_SPRINGER</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" 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