MgO as a cure modifier for reducing the conventional rubber vulcanization temperature at water's boiling point with improved vulcanization kinetics

Abstract In this investigation, MgO was employed as a secondary cure activator to decrease the rubber curing temperature. To study the curing kinetics at various temperatures, the moving die rheometer (MDR) measurement technique was utilized, and Coran kinetic models of accelerated sulfur vulcanizat...
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Autor*in:	Alam, Md Najib [verfasserIn] Kumar, Vineet [verfasserIn] Jeong, Minhu [verfasserIn] Park, Sang-Shin [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2024

Schlagwörter:	Rubber vulcanization Cure activator Magnesium oxide Kinetics Activation energy

Anmerkung:	© The Polymer Society, Taipei 2024

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Journal of polymer research - Springer Netherlands, 1994, 31(2024), 5 vom: Mai
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:31 ; year:2024 ; number:5 ; month:05

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s10965-024-03990-w

Katalog-ID:	SPR055794386

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245	1	0	\|a MgO as a cure modifier for reducing the conventional rubber vulcanization temperature at water's boiling point with improved vulcanization kinetics
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520			\|a Abstract In this investigation, MgO was employed as a secondary cure activator to decrease the rubber curing temperature. To study the curing kinetics at various temperatures, the moving die rheometer (MDR) measurement technique was utilized, and Coran kinetic models of accelerated sulfur vulcanization were adopted. Results from the curing studies revealed that the inclusion of MgO, along with ZnO as the primary cure activator in the traditional vulcanization system, substantially reduced the optimal curing time. The diminished scorch safety time indicated that MgO accelerated the decomposition of accelerator and sulfur, leading to the rapid formation of zinc-based active sulfurating compounds. These compounds contributed to an improved vulcanization rate with lower activation energies. Even when used as the sole cure activator, MgO exhibited higher activation energies for crosslinking but achieved a reduced optimum cure time due to the accelerated decomposition of curatives, resulting in swift formation of final cross-links. A small quantity of 1 phr (per hundred grams of rubber) MgO in the conventional vulcanization system effectively lowered the vulcanization temperature to the boiling point of water, accompanied by an increased vulcanization rate and reduced activation energies of vulcanization reactions. This low-temperature vulcanization approach opens possibilities for critical structures previously challenging to vulcanize through simple molding processes, ushering in a new era in rubber vulcanization.
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650		4	\|a Kinetics \|7 (dpeaa)DE-He213
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allfields	10.1007/s10965-024-03990-w doi (DE-627)SPR055794386 (SPR)s10965-024-03990-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 540 VZ 35.00 bkl Alam, Md Najib verfasserin aut MgO as a cure modifier for reducing the conventional rubber vulcanization temperature at water's boiling point with improved vulcanization kinetics 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Polymer Society, Taipei 2024 Abstract In this investigation, MgO was employed as a secondary cure activator to decrease the rubber curing temperature. To study the curing kinetics at various temperatures, the moving die rheometer (MDR) measurement technique was utilized, and Coran kinetic models of accelerated sulfur vulcanization were adopted. Results from the curing studies revealed that the inclusion of MgO, along with ZnO as the primary cure activator in the traditional vulcanization system, substantially reduced the optimal curing time. The diminished scorch safety time indicated that MgO accelerated the decomposition of accelerator and sulfur, leading to the rapid formation of zinc-based active sulfurating compounds. These compounds contributed to an improved vulcanization rate with lower activation energies. Even when used as the sole cure activator, MgO exhibited higher activation energies for crosslinking but achieved a reduced optimum cure time due to the accelerated decomposition of curatives, resulting in swift formation of final cross-links. A small quantity of 1 phr (per hundred grams of rubber) MgO in the conventional vulcanization system effectively lowered the vulcanization temperature to the boiling point of water, accompanied by an increased vulcanization rate and reduced activation energies of vulcanization reactions. This low-temperature vulcanization approach opens possibilities for critical structures previously challenging to vulcanize through simple molding processes, ushering in a new era in rubber vulcanization. Rubber vulcanization (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cure activator (dpeaa)DE-He213 Magnesium oxide (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kinetics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Activation energy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kumar, Vineet verfasserin aut Jeong, Minhu verfasserin aut Park, Sang-Shin verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-1201-558X aut Enthalten in Journal of polymer research Springer Netherlands, 1994 31(2024), 5 vom: Mai (DE-627)340872098 (DE-600)2065616-6 1572-8935 nnns volume:31 year:2024 number:5 month:05 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-024-03990-w X:SPRINGER Resolving-System lizenzpflichtig Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 35.00 VZ AR 31 2024 5 05
spelling	10.1007/s10965-024-03990-w doi (DE-627)SPR055794386 (SPR)s10965-024-03990-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 540 VZ 35.00 bkl Alam, Md Najib verfasserin aut MgO as a cure modifier for reducing the conventional rubber vulcanization temperature at water's boiling point with improved vulcanization kinetics 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Polymer Society, Taipei 2024 Abstract In this investigation, MgO was employed as a secondary cure activator to decrease the rubber curing temperature. To study the curing kinetics at various temperatures, the moving die rheometer (MDR) measurement technique was utilized, and Coran kinetic models of accelerated sulfur vulcanization were adopted. Results from the curing studies revealed that the inclusion of MgO, along with ZnO as the primary cure activator in the traditional vulcanization system, substantially reduced the optimal curing time. The diminished scorch safety time indicated that MgO accelerated the decomposition of accelerator and sulfur, leading to the rapid formation of zinc-based active sulfurating compounds. These compounds contributed to an improved vulcanization rate with lower activation energies. Even when used as the sole cure activator, MgO exhibited higher activation energies for crosslinking but achieved a reduced optimum cure time due to the accelerated decomposition of curatives, resulting in swift formation of final cross-links. A small quantity of 1 phr (per hundred grams of rubber) MgO in the conventional vulcanization system effectively lowered the vulcanization temperature to the boiling point of water, accompanied by an increased vulcanization rate and reduced activation energies of vulcanization reactions. This low-temperature vulcanization approach opens possibilities for critical structures previously challenging to vulcanize through simple molding processes, ushering in a new era in rubber vulcanization. Rubber vulcanization (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cure activator (dpeaa)DE-He213 Magnesium oxide (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kinetics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Activation energy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kumar, Vineet verfasserin aut Jeong, Minhu verfasserin aut Park, Sang-Shin verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-1201-558X aut Enthalten in Journal of polymer research Springer Netherlands, 1994 31(2024), 5 vom: Mai (DE-627)340872098 (DE-600)2065616-6 1572-8935 nnns volume:31 year:2024 number:5 month:05 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-024-03990-w X:SPRINGER Resolving-System lizenzpflichtig Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 35.00 VZ AR 31 2024 5 05
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s10965-024-03990-w doi (DE-627)SPR055794386 (SPR)s10965-024-03990-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 540 VZ 35.00 bkl Alam, Md Najib verfasserin aut MgO as a cure modifier for reducing the conventional rubber vulcanization temperature at water's boiling point with improved vulcanization kinetics 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Polymer Society, Taipei 2024 Abstract In this investigation, MgO was employed as a secondary cure activator to decrease the rubber curing temperature. To study the curing kinetics at various temperatures, the moving die rheometer (MDR) measurement technique was utilized, and Coran kinetic models of accelerated sulfur vulcanization were adopted. Results from the curing studies revealed that the inclusion of MgO, along with ZnO as the primary cure activator in the traditional vulcanization system, substantially reduced the optimal curing time. The diminished scorch safety time indicated that MgO accelerated the decomposition of accelerator and sulfur, leading to the rapid formation of zinc-based active sulfurating compounds. These compounds contributed to an improved vulcanization rate with lower activation energies. Even when used as the sole cure activator, MgO exhibited higher activation energies for crosslinking but achieved a reduced optimum cure time due to the accelerated decomposition of curatives, resulting in swift formation of final cross-links. A small quantity of 1 phr (per hundred grams of rubber) MgO in the conventional vulcanization system effectively lowered the vulcanization temperature to the boiling point of water, accompanied by an increased vulcanization rate and reduced activation energies of vulcanization reactions. This low-temperature vulcanization approach opens possibilities for critical structures previously challenging to vulcanize through simple molding processes, ushering in a new era in rubber vulcanization. Rubber vulcanization (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cure activator (dpeaa)DE-He213 Magnesium oxide (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kinetics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Activation energy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kumar, Vineet verfasserin aut Jeong, Minhu verfasserin aut Park, Sang-Shin verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-1201-558X aut Enthalten in Journal of polymer research Springer Netherlands, 1994 31(2024), 5 vom: Mai (DE-627)340872098 (DE-600)2065616-6 1572-8935 nnns volume:31 year:2024 number:5 month:05 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-024-03990-w X:SPRINGER Resolving-System lizenzpflichtig Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 35.00 VZ AR 31 2024 5 05
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s10965-024-03990-w doi (DE-627)SPR055794386 (SPR)s10965-024-03990-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 540 VZ 35.00 bkl Alam, Md Najib verfasserin aut MgO as a cure modifier for reducing the conventional rubber vulcanization temperature at water's boiling point with improved vulcanization kinetics 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Polymer Society, Taipei 2024 Abstract In this investigation, MgO was employed as a secondary cure activator to decrease the rubber curing temperature. To study the curing kinetics at various temperatures, the moving die rheometer (MDR) measurement technique was utilized, and Coran kinetic models of accelerated sulfur vulcanization were adopted. Results from the curing studies revealed that the inclusion of MgO, along with ZnO as the primary cure activator in the traditional vulcanization system, substantially reduced the optimal curing time. The diminished scorch safety time indicated that MgO accelerated the decomposition of accelerator and sulfur, leading to the rapid formation of zinc-based active sulfurating compounds. These compounds contributed to an improved vulcanization rate with lower activation energies. Even when used as the sole cure activator, MgO exhibited higher activation energies for crosslinking but achieved a reduced optimum cure time due to the accelerated decomposition of curatives, resulting in swift formation of final cross-links. A small quantity of 1 phr (per hundred grams of rubber) MgO in the conventional vulcanization system effectively lowered the vulcanization temperature to the boiling point of water, accompanied by an increased vulcanization rate and reduced activation energies of vulcanization reactions. This low-temperature vulcanization approach opens possibilities for critical structures previously challenging to vulcanize through simple molding processes, ushering in a new era in rubber vulcanization. Rubber vulcanization (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cure activator (dpeaa)DE-He213 Magnesium oxide (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kinetics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Activation energy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kumar, Vineet verfasserin aut Jeong, Minhu verfasserin aut Park, Sang-Shin verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-1201-558X aut Enthalten in Journal of polymer research Springer Netherlands, 1994 31(2024), 5 vom: Mai (DE-627)340872098 (DE-600)2065616-6 1572-8935 nnns volume:31 year:2024 number:5 month:05 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-024-03990-w X:SPRINGER Resolving-System lizenzpflichtig Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 35.00 VZ AR 31 2024 5 05
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s10965-024-03990-w doi (DE-627)SPR055794386 (SPR)s10965-024-03990-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 540 VZ 35.00 bkl Alam, Md Najib verfasserin aut MgO as a cure modifier for reducing the conventional rubber vulcanization temperature at water's boiling point with improved vulcanization kinetics 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Polymer Society, Taipei 2024 Abstract In this investigation, MgO was employed as a secondary cure activator to decrease the rubber curing temperature. To study the curing kinetics at various temperatures, the moving die rheometer (MDR) measurement technique was utilized, and Coran kinetic models of accelerated sulfur vulcanization were adopted. Results from the curing studies revealed that the inclusion of MgO, along with ZnO as the primary cure activator in the traditional vulcanization system, substantially reduced the optimal curing time. The diminished scorch safety time indicated that MgO accelerated the decomposition of accelerator and sulfur, leading to the rapid formation of zinc-based active sulfurating compounds. These compounds contributed to an improved vulcanization rate with lower activation energies. Even when used as the sole cure activator, MgO exhibited higher activation energies for crosslinking but achieved a reduced optimum cure time due to the accelerated decomposition of curatives, resulting in swift formation of final cross-links. A small quantity of 1 phr (per hundred grams of rubber) MgO in the conventional vulcanization system effectively lowered the vulcanization temperature to the boiling point of water, accompanied by an increased vulcanization rate and reduced activation energies of vulcanization reactions. This low-temperature vulcanization approach opens possibilities for critical structures previously challenging to vulcanize through simple molding processes, ushering in a new era in rubber vulcanization. Rubber vulcanization (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cure activator (dpeaa)DE-He213 Magnesium oxide (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kinetics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Activation energy (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kumar, Vineet verfasserin aut Jeong, Minhu verfasserin aut Park, Sang-Shin verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-1201-558X aut Enthalten in Journal of polymer research Springer Netherlands, 1994 31(2024), 5 vom: Mai (DE-627)340872098 (DE-600)2065616-6 1572-8935 nnns volume:31 year:2024 number:5 month:05 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-024-03990-w X:SPRINGER Resolving-System lizenzpflichtig Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 35.00 VZ AR 31 2024 5 05
language	English
source	Enthalten in Journal of polymer research 31(2024), 5 vom: Mai volume:31 year:2024 number:5 month:05
sourceStr	Enthalten in Journal of polymer research 31(2024), 5 vom: Mai volume:31 year:2024 number:5 month:05
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Rubber vulcanization Cure activator Magnesium oxide Kinetics Activation energy
dewey-raw	540
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	Journal of polymer research
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Alam, Md Najib @@aut@@ Kumar, Vineet @@aut@@ Jeong, Minhu @@aut@@ Park, Sang-Shin @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2024-05-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	340872098
dewey-sort	3540
id	SPR055794386
language_de	englisch
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author	Alam, Md Najib
spellingShingle	Alam, Md Najib ddc 540 bkl 35.00 misc Rubber vulcanization misc Cure activator misc Magnesium oxide misc Kinetics misc Activation energy MgO as a cure modifier for reducing the conventional rubber vulcanization temperature at water's boiling point with improved vulcanization kinetics
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topic_title	540 VZ 35.00 bkl MgO as a cure modifier for reducing the conventional rubber vulcanization temperature at water's boiling point with improved vulcanization kinetics Rubber vulcanization (dpeaa)DE-He213 Cure activator (dpeaa)DE-He213 Magnesium oxide (dpeaa)DE-He213 Kinetics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Activation energy (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	ddc 540 bkl 35.00 misc Rubber vulcanization misc Cure activator misc Magnesium oxide misc Kinetics misc Activation energy
topic_unstemmed	ddc 540 bkl 35.00 misc Rubber vulcanization misc Cure activator misc Magnesium oxide misc Kinetics misc Activation energy
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title	MgO as a cure modifier for reducing the conventional rubber vulcanization temperature at water's boiling point with improved vulcanization kinetics
ctrlnum	(DE-627)SPR055794386 (SPR)s10965-024-03990-w-e
title_full	MgO as a cure modifier for reducing the conventional rubber vulcanization temperature at water's boiling point with improved vulcanization kinetics
author_sort	Alam, Md Najib
journal	Journal of polymer research
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author_browse	Alam, Md Najib Kumar, Vineet Jeong, Minhu Park, Sang-Shin
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title_sort	mgo as a cure modifier for reducing the conventional rubber vulcanization temperature at water's boiling point with improved vulcanization kinetics
title_auth	MgO as a cure modifier for reducing the conventional rubber vulcanization temperature at water's boiling point with improved vulcanization kinetics
abstract	Abstract In this investigation, MgO was employed as a secondary cure activator to decrease the rubber curing temperature. To study the curing kinetics at various temperatures, the moving die rheometer (MDR) measurement technique was utilized, and Coran kinetic models of accelerated sulfur vulcanization were adopted. Results from the curing studies revealed that the inclusion of MgO, along with ZnO as the primary cure activator in the traditional vulcanization system, substantially reduced the optimal curing time. The diminished scorch safety time indicated that MgO accelerated the decomposition of accelerator and sulfur, leading to the rapid formation of zinc-based active sulfurating compounds. These compounds contributed to an improved vulcanization rate with lower activation energies. Even when used as the sole cure activator, MgO exhibited higher activation energies for crosslinking but achieved a reduced optimum cure time due to the accelerated decomposition of curatives, resulting in swift formation of final cross-links. A small quantity of 1 phr (per hundred grams of rubber) MgO in the conventional vulcanization system effectively lowered the vulcanization temperature to the boiling point of water, accompanied by an increased vulcanization rate and reduced activation energies of vulcanization reactions. This low-temperature vulcanization approach opens possibilities for critical structures previously challenging to vulcanize through simple molding processes, ushering in a new era in rubber vulcanization. © The Polymer Society, Taipei 2024
abstractGer	Abstract In this investigation, MgO was employed as a secondary cure activator to decrease the rubber curing temperature. To study the curing kinetics at various temperatures, the moving die rheometer (MDR) measurement technique was utilized, and Coran kinetic models of accelerated sulfur vulcanization were adopted. Results from the curing studies revealed that the inclusion of MgO, along with ZnO as the primary cure activator in the traditional vulcanization system, substantially reduced the optimal curing time. The diminished scorch safety time indicated that MgO accelerated the decomposition of accelerator and sulfur, leading to the rapid formation of zinc-based active sulfurating compounds. These compounds contributed to an improved vulcanization rate with lower activation energies. Even when used as the sole cure activator, MgO exhibited higher activation energies for crosslinking but achieved a reduced optimum cure time due to the accelerated decomposition of curatives, resulting in swift formation of final cross-links. A small quantity of 1 phr (per hundred grams of rubber) MgO in the conventional vulcanization system effectively lowered the vulcanization temperature to the boiling point of water, accompanied by an increased vulcanization rate and reduced activation energies of vulcanization reactions. This low-temperature vulcanization approach opens possibilities for critical structures previously challenging to vulcanize through simple molding processes, ushering in a new era in rubber vulcanization. © The Polymer Society, Taipei 2024
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract In this investigation, MgO was employed as a secondary cure activator to decrease the rubber curing temperature. To study the curing kinetics at various temperatures, the moving die rheometer (MDR) measurement technique was utilized, and Coran kinetic models of accelerated sulfur vulcanization were adopted. Results from the curing studies revealed that the inclusion of MgO, along with ZnO as the primary cure activator in the traditional vulcanization system, substantially reduced the optimal curing time. The diminished scorch safety time indicated that MgO accelerated the decomposition of accelerator and sulfur, leading to the rapid formation of zinc-based active sulfurating compounds. These compounds contributed to an improved vulcanization rate with lower activation energies. Even when used as the sole cure activator, MgO exhibited higher activation energies for crosslinking but achieved a reduced optimum cure time due to the accelerated decomposition of curatives, resulting in swift formation of final cross-links. A small quantity of 1 phr (per hundred grams of rubber) MgO in the conventional vulcanization system effectively lowered the vulcanization temperature to the boiling point of water, accompanied by an increased vulcanization rate and reduced activation energies of vulcanization reactions. This low-temperature vulcanization approach opens possibilities for critical structures previously challenging to vulcanize through simple molding processes, ushering in a new era in rubber vulcanization. © The Polymer Society, Taipei 2024
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title_short	MgO as a cure modifier for reducing the conventional rubber vulcanization temperature at water's boiling point with improved vulcanization kinetics
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-024-03990-w
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author2	Kumar, Vineet Jeong, Minhu Park, Sang-Shin
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doi_str	10.1007/s10965-024-03990-w
up_date	2024-07-03T18:03:31.685Z
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To study the curing kinetics at various temperatures, the moving die rheometer (MDR) measurement technique was utilized, and Coran kinetic models of accelerated sulfur vulcanization were adopted. Results from the curing studies revealed that the inclusion of MgO, along with ZnO as the primary cure activator in the traditional vulcanization system, substantially reduced the optimal curing time. The diminished scorch safety time indicated that MgO accelerated the decomposition of accelerator and sulfur, leading to the rapid formation of zinc-based active sulfurating compounds. These compounds contributed to an improved vulcanization rate with lower activation energies. Even when used as the sole cure activator, MgO exhibited higher activation energies for crosslinking but achieved a reduced optimum cure time due to the accelerated decomposition of curatives, resulting in swift formation of final cross-links. A small quantity of 1 phr (per hundred grams of rubber) MgO in the conventional vulcanization system effectively lowered the vulcanization temperature to the boiling point of water, accompanied by an increased vulcanization rate and reduced activation energies of vulcanization reactions. This low-temperature vulcanization approach opens possibilities for critical structures previously challenging to vulcanize through simple molding processes, ushering in a new era in rubber vulcanization.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Rubber vulcanization</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Cure activator</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Magnesium oxide</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Kinetics</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Activation energy</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kumar, 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MgO as a cure modifier for reducing the conventional rubber vulcanization temperature at water's boiling point with improved vulcanization kinetics

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