Emergence of the B.1.214.2 SARS-CoV-2 lineage with an Omicron-like spike insertion and a unique upper airway immune signature

Abstract We investigate the emergence, mutation profile, and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.214.2, first identified in Belgium in January 2021. This variant, featuring a 3-amino acid insertion in the spike protein similar to the Omicron variant, was speculated to enhance transmissibility or...
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Autor*in:	Holtz, Andrew [verfasserIn] Van Weyenbergh, Johan [verfasserIn] Hong, Samuel L. [verfasserIn] Cuypers, Lize [verfasserIn] O’Toole, Áine [verfasserIn] Dudas, Gytis [verfasserIn] Gerdol, Marco [verfasserIn] Potter, Barney I. [verfasserIn] Ntoumi, Francine [verfasserIn] Mapanguy, Claujens Chastel Mfoutou [verfasserIn] Vanmechelen, Bert [verfasserIn] Wawina-Bokalanga, Tony [verfasserIn] Van Holm, Bram [verfasserIn] Menezes, Soraya Maria [verfasserIn] Soubotko, Katja [verfasserIn] Van Pottelbergh, Gijs [verfasserIn] Wollants, Elke [verfasserIn] Vermeersch, Pieter [verfasserIn] Jacob, Ann-Sophie [verfasserIn] Maes, Brigitte [verfasserIn] Obbels, Dagmar [verfasserIn] Matheeussen, Veerle [verfasserIn] Martens, Geert [verfasserIn] Gras, Jérémie [verfasserIn] Verhasselt, Bruno [verfasserIn] Laffut, Wim [verfasserIn] Vael, Carl [verfasserIn] Goegebuer, Truus [verfasserIn] van der Kant, Rob [verfasserIn] Rousseau, Frederic [verfasserIn] Schymkowitz, Joost [verfasserIn] Serrano, Luis [verfasserIn] Delgado, Javier [verfasserIn] Wenseleers, Tom [verfasserIn] Bours, Vincent [verfasserIn] André, Emmanuel [verfasserIn] Suchard, Marc A. [verfasserIn] Rambaut, Andrew [verfasserIn] Dellicour, Simon [verfasserIn] Maes, Piet [verfasserIn] Durkin, Keith [verfasserIn] Baele, Guy [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2024

Schlagwörter:	SARS-CoV-2 Genomic epidemiology Phylogeography Phylodynamics Disease spread COVID-19

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s) 2024

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: BMC infectious diseases - BioMed Central, 2001, 24(2024), 1 vom: 10. Okt.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:24 ; year:2024 ; number:1 ; day:10 ; month:10

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s12879-024-09967-w

Katalog-ID:	SPR05774601X

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520			\|a Abstract We investigate the emergence, mutation profile, and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.214.2, first identified in Belgium in January 2021. This variant, featuring a 3-amino acid insertion in the spike protein similar to the Omicron variant, was speculated to enhance transmissibility or immune evasion. Initially detected in international travelers, it substantially transmitted in Central Africa, Belgium, Switzerland, and France, peaking in April 2021. Our travel-aware phylogeographic analysis, incorporating travel history, estimated the origin to the Republic of the Congo, with primary European entry through France and Belgium, and multiple smaller introductions during the epidemic. We correlate its spread with human travel patterns and air passenger data. Further, upon reviewing national reports of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in Belgian nursing homes, we found this strain caused moderately severe outcomes (8.7% case fatality ratio). A distinct nasopharyngeal immune response was observed in elderly patients, characterized by 80% unique signatures, higher B- and T-cell activation, increased type I IFN signaling, and reduced NK, Th17, and complement system activation, compared to similar outbreaks. This unique immune response may explain the variant's epidemiological behavior and underscores the need for nasal vaccine strategies against emerging variants.
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allfields	10.1186/s12879-024-09967-w doi (DE-627)SPR05774601X (SPR)s12879-024-09967-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 VZ 44.00 bkl Holtz, Andrew verfasserin aut Emergence of the B.1.214.2 SARS-CoV-2 lineage with an Omicron-like spike insertion and a unique upper airway immune signature 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2024 Abstract We investigate the emergence, mutation profile, and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.214.2, first identified in Belgium in January 2021. This variant, featuring a 3-amino acid insertion in the spike protein similar to the Omicron variant, was speculated to enhance transmissibility or immune evasion. Initially detected in international travelers, it substantially transmitted in Central Africa, Belgium, Switzerland, and France, peaking in April 2021. Our travel-aware phylogeographic analysis, incorporating travel history, estimated the origin to the Republic of the Congo, with primary European entry through France and Belgium, and multiple smaller introductions during the epidemic. We correlate its spread with human travel patterns and air passenger data. Further, upon reviewing national reports of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in Belgian nursing homes, we found this strain caused moderately severe outcomes (8.7% case fatality ratio). A distinct nasopharyngeal immune response was observed in elderly patients, characterized by 80% unique signatures, higher B- and T-cell activation, increased type I IFN signaling, and reduced NK, Th17, and complement system activation, compared to similar outbreaks. This unique immune response may explain the variant's epidemiological behavior and underscores the need for nasal vaccine strategies against emerging variants. SARS-CoV-2 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Genomic epidemiology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Phylogeography (dpeaa)DE-He213 Phylodynamics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Disease spread (dpeaa)DE-He213 COVID-19 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Van Weyenbergh, Johan verfasserin aut Hong, Samuel L. verfasserin aut Cuypers, Lize verfasserin aut O’Toole, Áine verfasserin aut Dudas, Gytis verfasserin aut Gerdol, Marco verfasserin aut Potter, Barney I. verfasserin aut Ntoumi, Francine verfasserin aut Mapanguy, Claujens Chastel Mfoutou verfasserin aut Vanmechelen, Bert verfasserin aut Wawina-Bokalanga, Tony verfasserin aut Van Holm, Bram verfasserin aut Menezes, Soraya Maria verfasserin aut Soubotko, Katja verfasserin aut Van Pottelbergh, Gijs verfasserin aut Wollants, Elke verfasserin aut Vermeersch, Pieter verfasserin aut Jacob, Ann-Sophie verfasserin aut Maes, Brigitte verfasserin aut Obbels, Dagmar verfasserin aut Matheeussen, Veerle verfasserin aut Martens, Geert verfasserin aut Gras, Jérémie verfasserin aut Verhasselt, Bruno verfasserin aut Laffut, Wim verfasserin aut Vael, Carl verfasserin aut Goegebuer, Truus verfasserin aut van der Kant, Rob verfasserin aut Rousseau, Frederic verfasserin aut Schymkowitz, Joost verfasserin aut Serrano, Luis verfasserin aut Delgado, Javier verfasserin aut Wenseleers, Tom verfasserin aut Bours, Vincent verfasserin aut André, Emmanuel verfasserin aut Suchard, Marc A. verfasserin aut Rambaut, Andrew verfasserin aut Dellicour, Simon verfasserin aut Maes, Piet verfasserin aut Durkin, Keith verfasserin aut Baele, Guy verfasserin aut Enthalten in BMC infectious diseases BioMed Central, 2001 24(2024), 1 vom: 10. Okt. (DE-627)326645381 (DE-600)2041550-3 1471-2334 nnns volume:24 year:2024 number:1 day:10 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09967-w X:SPRINGER Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_72 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 44.00 VZ AR 24 2024 1 10 10
spelling	10.1186/s12879-024-09967-w doi (DE-627)SPR05774601X (SPR)s12879-024-09967-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 VZ 44.00 bkl Holtz, Andrew verfasserin aut Emergence of the B.1.214.2 SARS-CoV-2 lineage with an Omicron-like spike insertion and a unique upper airway immune signature 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2024 Abstract We investigate the emergence, mutation profile, and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.214.2, first identified in Belgium in January 2021. This variant, featuring a 3-amino acid insertion in the spike protein similar to the Omicron variant, was speculated to enhance transmissibility or immune evasion. Initially detected in international travelers, it substantially transmitted in Central Africa, Belgium, Switzerland, and France, peaking in April 2021. Our travel-aware phylogeographic analysis, incorporating travel history, estimated the origin to the Republic of the Congo, with primary European entry through France and Belgium, and multiple smaller introductions during the epidemic. We correlate its spread with human travel patterns and air passenger data. Further, upon reviewing national reports of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in Belgian nursing homes, we found this strain caused moderately severe outcomes (8.7% case fatality ratio). A distinct nasopharyngeal immune response was observed in elderly patients, characterized by 80% unique signatures, higher B- and T-cell activation, increased type I IFN signaling, and reduced NK, Th17, and complement system activation, compared to similar outbreaks. This unique immune response may explain the variant's epidemiological behavior and underscores the need for nasal vaccine strategies against emerging variants. SARS-CoV-2 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Genomic epidemiology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Phylogeography (dpeaa)DE-He213 Phylodynamics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Disease spread (dpeaa)DE-He213 COVID-19 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Van Weyenbergh, Johan verfasserin aut Hong, Samuel L. verfasserin aut Cuypers, Lize verfasserin aut O’Toole, Áine verfasserin aut Dudas, Gytis verfasserin aut Gerdol, Marco verfasserin aut Potter, Barney I. verfasserin aut Ntoumi, Francine verfasserin aut Mapanguy, Claujens Chastel Mfoutou verfasserin aut Vanmechelen, Bert verfasserin aut Wawina-Bokalanga, Tony verfasserin aut Van Holm, Bram verfasserin aut Menezes, Soraya Maria verfasserin aut Soubotko, Katja verfasserin aut Van Pottelbergh, Gijs verfasserin aut Wollants, Elke verfasserin aut Vermeersch, Pieter verfasserin aut Jacob, Ann-Sophie verfasserin aut Maes, Brigitte verfasserin aut Obbels, Dagmar verfasserin aut Matheeussen, Veerle verfasserin aut Martens, Geert verfasserin aut Gras, Jérémie verfasserin aut Verhasselt, Bruno verfasserin aut Laffut, Wim verfasserin aut Vael, Carl verfasserin aut Goegebuer, Truus verfasserin aut van der Kant, Rob verfasserin aut Rousseau, Frederic verfasserin aut Schymkowitz, Joost verfasserin aut Serrano, Luis verfasserin aut Delgado, Javier verfasserin aut Wenseleers, Tom verfasserin aut Bours, Vincent verfasserin aut André, Emmanuel verfasserin aut Suchard, Marc A. verfasserin aut Rambaut, Andrew verfasserin aut Dellicour, Simon verfasserin aut Maes, Piet verfasserin aut Durkin, Keith verfasserin aut Baele, Guy verfasserin aut Enthalten in BMC infectious diseases BioMed Central, 2001 24(2024), 1 vom: 10. Okt. (DE-627)326645381 (DE-600)2041550-3 1471-2334 nnns volume:24 year:2024 number:1 day:10 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09967-w X:SPRINGER Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_72 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 44.00 VZ AR 24 2024 1 10 10
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s12879-024-09967-w doi (DE-627)SPR05774601X (SPR)s12879-024-09967-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 VZ 44.00 bkl Holtz, Andrew verfasserin aut Emergence of the B.1.214.2 SARS-CoV-2 lineage with an Omicron-like spike insertion and a unique upper airway immune signature 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2024 Abstract We investigate the emergence, mutation profile, and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.214.2, first identified in Belgium in January 2021. This variant, featuring a 3-amino acid insertion in the spike protein similar to the Omicron variant, was speculated to enhance transmissibility or immune evasion. Initially detected in international travelers, it substantially transmitted in Central Africa, Belgium, Switzerland, and France, peaking in April 2021. Our travel-aware phylogeographic analysis, incorporating travel history, estimated the origin to the Republic of the Congo, with primary European entry through France and Belgium, and multiple smaller introductions during the epidemic. We correlate its spread with human travel patterns and air passenger data. Further, upon reviewing national reports of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in Belgian nursing homes, we found this strain caused moderately severe outcomes (8.7% case fatality ratio). A distinct nasopharyngeal immune response was observed in elderly patients, characterized by 80% unique signatures, higher B- and T-cell activation, increased type I IFN signaling, and reduced NK, Th17, and complement system activation, compared to similar outbreaks. This unique immune response may explain the variant's epidemiological behavior and underscores the need for nasal vaccine strategies against emerging variants. SARS-CoV-2 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Genomic epidemiology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Phylogeography (dpeaa)DE-He213 Phylodynamics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Disease spread (dpeaa)DE-He213 COVID-19 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Van Weyenbergh, Johan verfasserin aut Hong, Samuel L. verfasserin aut Cuypers, Lize verfasserin aut O’Toole, Áine verfasserin aut Dudas, Gytis verfasserin aut Gerdol, Marco verfasserin aut Potter, Barney I. verfasserin aut Ntoumi, Francine verfasserin aut Mapanguy, Claujens Chastel Mfoutou verfasserin aut Vanmechelen, Bert verfasserin aut Wawina-Bokalanga, Tony verfasserin aut Van Holm, Bram verfasserin aut Menezes, Soraya Maria verfasserin aut Soubotko, Katja verfasserin aut Van Pottelbergh, Gijs verfasserin aut Wollants, Elke verfasserin aut Vermeersch, Pieter verfasserin aut Jacob, Ann-Sophie verfasserin aut Maes, Brigitte verfasserin aut Obbels, Dagmar verfasserin aut Matheeussen, Veerle verfasserin aut Martens, Geert verfasserin aut Gras, Jérémie verfasserin aut Verhasselt, Bruno verfasserin aut Laffut, Wim verfasserin aut Vael, Carl verfasserin aut Goegebuer, Truus verfasserin aut van der Kant, Rob verfasserin aut Rousseau, Frederic verfasserin aut Schymkowitz, Joost verfasserin aut Serrano, Luis verfasserin aut Delgado, Javier verfasserin aut Wenseleers, Tom verfasserin aut Bours, Vincent verfasserin aut André, Emmanuel verfasserin aut Suchard, Marc A. verfasserin aut Rambaut, Andrew verfasserin aut Dellicour, Simon verfasserin aut Maes, Piet verfasserin aut Durkin, Keith verfasserin aut Baele, Guy verfasserin aut Enthalten in BMC infectious diseases BioMed Central, 2001 24(2024), 1 vom: 10. Okt. (DE-627)326645381 (DE-600)2041550-3 1471-2334 nnns volume:24 year:2024 number:1 day:10 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09967-w X:SPRINGER Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_72 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 44.00 VZ AR 24 2024 1 10 10
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s12879-024-09967-w doi (DE-627)SPR05774601X (SPR)s12879-024-09967-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 VZ 44.00 bkl Holtz, Andrew verfasserin aut Emergence of the B.1.214.2 SARS-CoV-2 lineage with an Omicron-like spike insertion and a unique upper airway immune signature 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2024 Abstract We investigate the emergence, mutation profile, and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.214.2, first identified in Belgium in January 2021. This variant, featuring a 3-amino acid insertion in the spike protein similar to the Omicron variant, was speculated to enhance transmissibility or immune evasion. Initially detected in international travelers, it substantially transmitted in Central Africa, Belgium, Switzerland, and France, peaking in April 2021. Our travel-aware phylogeographic analysis, incorporating travel history, estimated the origin to the Republic of the Congo, with primary European entry through France and Belgium, and multiple smaller introductions during the epidemic. We correlate its spread with human travel patterns and air passenger data. Further, upon reviewing national reports of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in Belgian nursing homes, we found this strain caused moderately severe outcomes (8.7% case fatality ratio). A distinct nasopharyngeal immune response was observed in elderly patients, characterized by 80% unique signatures, higher B- and T-cell activation, increased type I IFN signaling, and reduced NK, Th17, and complement system activation, compared to similar outbreaks. This unique immune response may explain the variant's epidemiological behavior and underscores the need for nasal vaccine strategies against emerging variants. SARS-CoV-2 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Genomic epidemiology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Phylogeography (dpeaa)DE-He213 Phylodynamics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Disease spread (dpeaa)DE-He213 COVID-19 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Van Weyenbergh, Johan verfasserin aut Hong, Samuel L. verfasserin aut Cuypers, Lize verfasserin aut O’Toole, Áine verfasserin aut Dudas, Gytis verfasserin aut Gerdol, Marco verfasserin aut Potter, Barney I. verfasserin aut Ntoumi, Francine verfasserin aut Mapanguy, Claujens Chastel Mfoutou verfasserin aut Vanmechelen, Bert verfasserin aut Wawina-Bokalanga, Tony verfasserin aut Van Holm, Bram verfasserin aut Menezes, Soraya Maria verfasserin aut Soubotko, Katja verfasserin aut Van Pottelbergh, Gijs verfasserin aut Wollants, Elke verfasserin aut Vermeersch, Pieter verfasserin aut Jacob, Ann-Sophie verfasserin aut Maes, Brigitte verfasserin aut Obbels, Dagmar verfasserin aut Matheeussen, Veerle verfasserin aut Martens, Geert verfasserin aut Gras, Jérémie verfasserin aut Verhasselt, Bruno verfasserin aut Laffut, Wim verfasserin aut Vael, Carl verfasserin aut Goegebuer, Truus verfasserin aut van der Kant, Rob verfasserin aut Rousseau, Frederic verfasserin aut Schymkowitz, Joost verfasserin aut Serrano, Luis verfasserin aut Delgado, Javier verfasserin aut Wenseleers, Tom verfasserin aut Bours, Vincent verfasserin aut André, Emmanuel verfasserin aut Suchard, Marc A. verfasserin aut Rambaut, Andrew verfasserin aut Dellicour, Simon verfasserin aut Maes, Piet verfasserin aut Durkin, Keith verfasserin aut Baele, Guy verfasserin aut Enthalten in BMC infectious diseases BioMed Central, 2001 24(2024), 1 vom: 10. Okt. (DE-627)326645381 (DE-600)2041550-3 1471-2334 nnns volume:24 year:2024 number:1 day:10 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09967-w X:SPRINGER Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_72 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 44.00 VZ AR 24 2024 1 10 10
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s12879-024-09967-w doi (DE-627)SPR05774601X (SPR)s12879-024-09967-w-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 VZ 44.00 bkl Holtz, Andrew verfasserin aut Emergence of the B.1.214.2 SARS-CoV-2 lineage with an Omicron-like spike insertion and a unique upper airway immune signature 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2024 Abstract We investigate the emergence, mutation profile, and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.214.2, first identified in Belgium in January 2021. This variant, featuring a 3-amino acid insertion in the spike protein similar to the Omicron variant, was speculated to enhance transmissibility or immune evasion. Initially detected in international travelers, it substantially transmitted in Central Africa, Belgium, Switzerland, and France, peaking in April 2021. Our travel-aware phylogeographic analysis, incorporating travel history, estimated the origin to the Republic of the Congo, with primary European entry through France and Belgium, and multiple smaller introductions during the epidemic. We correlate its spread with human travel patterns and air passenger data. Further, upon reviewing national reports of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in Belgian nursing homes, we found this strain caused moderately severe outcomes (8.7% case fatality ratio). A distinct nasopharyngeal immune response was observed in elderly patients, characterized by 80% unique signatures, higher B- and T-cell activation, increased type I IFN signaling, and reduced NK, Th17, and complement system activation, compared to similar outbreaks. This unique immune response may explain the variant's epidemiological behavior and underscores the need for nasal vaccine strategies against emerging variants. SARS-CoV-2 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Genomic epidemiology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Phylogeography (dpeaa)DE-He213 Phylodynamics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Disease spread (dpeaa)DE-He213 COVID-19 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Van Weyenbergh, Johan verfasserin aut Hong, Samuel L. verfasserin aut Cuypers, Lize verfasserin aut O’Toole, Áine verfasserin aut Dudas, Gytis verfasserin aut Gerdol, Marco verfasserin aut Potter, Barney I. verfasserin aut Ntoumi, Francine verfasserin aut Mapanguy, Claujens Chastel Mfoutou verfasserin aut Vanmechelen, Bert verfasserin aut Wawina-Bokalanga, Tony verfasserin aut Van Holm, Bram verfasserin aut Menezes, Soraya Maria verfasserin aut Soubotko, Katja verfasserin aut Van Pottelbergh, Gijs verfasserin aut Wollants, Elke verfasserin aut Vermeersch, Pieter verfasserin aut Jacob, Ann-Sophie verfasserin aut Maes, Brigitte verfasserin aut Obbels, Dagmar verfasserin aut Matheeussen, Veerle verfasserin aut Martens, Geert verfasserin aut Gras, Jérémie verfasserin aut Verhasselt, Bruno verfasserin aut Laffut, Wim verfasserin aut Vael, Carl verfasserin aut Goegebuer, Truus verfasserin aut van der Kant, Rob verfasserin aut Rousseau, Frederic verfasserin aut Schymkowitz, Joost verfasserin aut Serrano, Luis verfasserin aut Delgado, Javier verfasserin aut Wenseleers, Tom verfasserin aut Bours, Vincent verfasserin aut André, Emmanuel verfasserin aut Suchard, Marc A. verfasserin aut Rambaut, Andrew verfasserin aut Dellicour, Simon verfasserin aut Maes, Piet verfasserin aut Durkin, Keith verfasserin aut Baele, Guy verfasserin aut Enthalten in BMC infectious diseases BioMed Central, 2001 24(2024), 1 vom: 10. Okt. (DE-627)326645381 (DE-600)2041550-3 1471-2334 nnns volume:24 year:2024 number:1 day:10 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09967-w X:SPRINGER Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_72 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 44.00 VZ AR 24 2024 1 10 10
language	English
source	Enthalten in BMC infectious diseases 24(2024), 1 vom: 10. Okt. volume:24 year:2024 number:1 day:10 month:10
sourceStr	Enthalten in BMC infectious diseases 24(2024), 1 vom: 10. Okt. volume:24 year:2024 number:1 day:10 month:10
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	SARS-CoV-2 Genomic epidemiology Phylogeography Phylodynamics Disease spread COVID-19
dewey-raw	610
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container_title	BMC infectious diseases
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Holtz, Andrew @@aut@@ Van Weyenbergh, Johan @@aut@@ Hong, Samuel L. @@aut@@ Cuypers, Lize @@aut@@ O’Toole, Áine @@aut@@ Dudas, Gytis @@aut@@ Gerdol, Marco @@aut@@ Potter, Barney I. @@aut@@ Ntoumi, Francine @@aut@@ Mapanguy, Claujens Chastel Mfoutou @@aut@@ Vanmechelen, Bert @@aut@@ Wawina-Bokalanga, Tony @@aut@@ Van Holm, Bram @@aut@@ Menezes, Soraya Maria @@aut@@ Soubotko, Katja @@aut@@ Van Pottelbergh, Gijs @@aut@@ Wollants, Elke @@aut@@ Vermeersch, Pieter @@aut@@ Jacob, Ann-Sophie @@aut@@ Maes, Brigitte @@aut@@ Obbels, Dagmar @@aut@@ Matheeussen, Veerle @@aut@@ Martens, Geert @@aut@@ Gras, Jérémie @@aut@@ Verhasselt, Bruno @@aut@@ Laffut, Wim @@aut@@ Vael, Carl @@aut@@ Goegebuer, Truus @@aut@@ van der Kant, Rob @@aut@@ Rousseau, Frederic @@aut@@ Schymkowitz, Joost @@aut@@ Serrano, Luis @@aut@@ Delgado, Javier @@aut@@ Wenseleers, Tom @@aut@@ Bours, Vincent @@aut@@ André, Emmanuel @@aut@@ Suchard, Marc A. @@aut@@ Rambaut, Andrew @@aut@@ Dellicour, Simon @@aut@@ Maes, Piet @@aut@@ Durkin, Keith @@aut@@ Baele, Guy @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2024-10-10T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	326645381
dewey-sort	3610
id	SPR05774601X
language_de	englisch
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This variant, featuring a 3-amino acid insertion in the spike protein similar to the Omicron variant, was speculated to enhance transmissibility or immune evasion. Initially detected in international travelers, it substantially transmitted in Central Africa, Belgium, Switzerland, and France, peaking in April 2021. Our travel-aware phylogeographic analysis, incorporating travel history, estimated the origin to the Republic of the Congo, with primary European entry through France and Belgium, and multiple smaller introductions during the epidemic. We correlate its spread with human travel patterns and air passenger data. Further, upon reviewing national reports of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in Belgian nursing homes, we found this strain caused moderately severe outcomes (8.7% case fatality ratio). 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author	Holtz, Andrew
spellingShingle	Holtz, Andrew ddc 610 bkl 44.00 misc SARS-CoV-2 misc Genomic epidemiology misc Phylogeography misc Phylodynamics misc Disease spread misc COVID-19 Emergence of the B.1.214.2 SARS-CoV-2 lineage with an Omicron-like spike insertion and a unique upper airway immune signature
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topic_title	610 VZ 44.00 bkl Emergence of the B.1.214.2 SARS-CoV-2 lineage with an Omicron-like spike insertion and a unique upper airway immune signature SARS-CoV-2 (dpeaa)DE-He213 Genomic epidemiology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Phylogeography (dpeaa)DE-He213 Phylodynamics (dpeaa)DE-He213 Disease spread (dpeaa)DE-He213 COVID-19 (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	ddc 610 bkl 44.00 misc SARS-CoV-2 misc Genomic epidemiology misc Phylogeography misc Phylodynamics misc Disease spread misc COVID-19
topic_unstemmed	ddc 610 bkl 44.00 misc SARS-CoV-2 misc Genomic epidemiology misc Phylogeography misc Phylodynamics misc Disease spread misc COVID-19
topic_browse	ddc 610 bkl 44.00 misc SARS-CoV-2 misc Genomic epidemiology misc Phylogeography misc Phylodynamics misc Disease spread misc COVID-19
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title	Emergence of the B.1.214.2 SARS-CoV-2 lineage with an Omicron-like spike insertion and a unique upper airway immune signature
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title_full	Emergence of the B.1.214.2 SARS-CoV-2 lineage with an Omicron-like spike insertion and a unique upper airway immune signature
author_sort	Holtz, Andrew
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author_browse	Holtz, Andrew Van Weyenbergh, Johan Hong, Samuel L. Cuypers, Lize O’Toole, Áine Dudas, Gytis Gerdol, Marco Potter, Barney I. Ntoumi, Francine Mapanguy, Claujens Chastel Mfoutou Vanmechelen, Bert Wawina-Bokalanga, Tony Van Holm, Bram Menezes, Soraya Maria Soubotko, Katja Van Pottelbergh, Gijs Wollants, Elke Vermeersch, Pieter Jacob, Ann-Sophie Maes, Brigitte Obbels, Dagmar Matheeussen, Veerle Martens, Geert Gras, Jérémie Verhasselt, Bruno Laffut, Wim Vael, Carl Goegebuer, Truus van der Kant, Rob Rousseau, Frederic Schymkowitz, Joost Serrano, Luis Delgado, Javier Wenseleers, Tom Bours, Vincent André, Emmanuel Suchard, Marc A. Rambaut, Andrew Dellicour, Simon Maes, Piet Durkin, Keith Baele, Guy
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title_sort	emergence of the b.1.214.2 sars-cov-2 lineage with an omicron-like spike insertion and a unique upper airway immune signature
title_auth	Emergence of the B.1.214.2 SARS-CoV-2 lineage with an Omicron-like spike insertion and a unique upper airway immune signature
abstract	Abstract We investigate the emergence, mutation profile, and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.214.2, first identified in Belgium in January 2021. This variant, featuring a 3-amino acid insertion in the spike protein similar to the Omicron variant, was speculated to enhance transmissibility or immune evasion. Initially detected in international travelers, it substantially transmitted in Central Africa, Belgium, Switzerland, and France, peaking in April 2021. Our travel-aware phylogeographic analysis, incorporating travel history, estimated the origin to the Republic of the Congo, with primary European entry through France and Belgium, and multiple smaller introductions during the epidemic. We correlate its spread with human travel patterns and air passenger data. Further, upon reviewing national reports of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in Belgian nursing homes, we found this strain caused moderately severe outcomes (8.7% case fatality ratio). A distinct nasopharyngeal immune response was observed in elderly patients, characterized by 80% unique signatures, higher B- and T-cell activation, increased type I IFN signaling, and reduced NK, Th17, and complement system activation, compared to similar outbreaks. This unique immune response may explain the variant's epidemiological behavior and underscores the need for nasal vaccine strategies against emerging variants. © The Author(s) 2024
abstractGer	Abstract We investigate the emergence, mutation profile, and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.214.2, first identified in Belgium in January 2021. This variant, featuring a 3-amino acid insertion in the spike protein similar to the Omicron variant, was speculated to enhance transmissibility or immune evasion. Initially detected in international travelers, it substantially transmitted in Central Africa, Belgium, Switzerland, and France, peaking in April 2021. Our travel-aware phylogeographic analysis, incorporating travel history, estimated the origin to the Republic of the Congo, with primary European entry through France and Belgium, and multiple smaller introductions during the epidemic. We correlate its spread with human travel patterns and air passenger data. Further, upon reviewing national reports of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in Belgian nursing homes, we found this strain caused moderately severe outcomes (8.7% case fatality ratio). A distinct nasopharyngeal immune response was observed in elderly patients, characterized by 80% unique signatures, higher B- and T-cell activation, increased type I IFN signaling, and reduced NK, Th17, and complement system activation, compared to similar outbreaks. This unique immune response may explain the variant's epidemiological behavior and underscores the need for nasal vaccine strategies against emerging variants. © The Author(s) 2024
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract We investigate the emergence, mutation profile, and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.214.2, first identified in Belgium in January 2021. This variant, featuring a 3-amino acid insertion in the spike protein similar to the Omicron variant, was speculated to enhance transmissibility or immune evasion. Initially detected in international travelers, it substantially transmitted in Central Africa, Belgium, Switzerland, and France, peaking in April 2021. Our travel-aware phylogeographic analysis, incorporating travel history, estimated the origin to the Republic of the Congo, with primary European entry through France and Belgium, and multiple smaller introductions during the epidemic. We correlate its spread with human travel patterns and air passenger data. Further, upon reviewing national reports of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in Belgian nursing homes, we found this strain caused moderately severe outcomes (8.7% case fatality ratio). A distinct nasopharyngeal immune response was observed in elderly patients, characterized by 80% unique signatures, higher B- and T-cell activation, increased type I IFN signaling, and reduced NK, Th17, and complement system activation, compared to similar outbreaks. This unique immune response may explain the variant's epidemiological behavior and underscores the need for nasal vaccine strategies against emerging variants. © The Author(s) 2024
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title_short	Emergence of the B.1.214.2 SARS-CoV-2 lineage with an Omicron-like spike insertion and a unique upper airway immune signature
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09967-w
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author2	Van Weyenbergh, Johan Hong, Samuel L. Cuypers, Lize O’Toole, Áine Dudas, Gytis Gerdol, Marco Potter, Barney I. Ntoumi, Francine Mapanguy, Claujens Chastel Mfoutou Vanmechelen, Bert Wawina-Bokalanga, Tony Van Holm, Bram Menezes, Soraya Maria Soubotko, Katja Van Pottelbergh, Gijs Wollants, Elke Vermeersch, Pieter Jacob, Ann-Sophie Maes, Brigitte Obbels, Dagmar Matheeussen, Veerle Martens, Geert Gras, Jérémie Verhasselt, Bruno Laffut, Wim Vael, Carl Goegebuer, Truus van der Kant, Rob Rousseau, Frederic Schymkowitz, Joost Serrano, Luis Delgado, Javier Wenseleers, Tom Bours, Vincent André, Emmanuel Suchard, Marc A. Rambaut, Andrew Dellicour, Simon Maes, Piet Durkin, Keith Baele, Guy
author2Str	Van Weyenbergh, Johan Hong, Samuel L. Cuypers, Lize O’Toole, Áine Dudas, Gytis Gerdol, Marco Potter, Barney I. Ntoumi, Francine Mapanguy, Claujens Chastel Mfoutou Vanmechelen, Bert Wawina-Bokalanga, Tony Van Holm, Bram Menezes, Soraya Maria Soubotko, Katja Van Pottelbergh, Gijs Wollants, Elke Vermeersch, Pieter Jacob, Ann-Sophie Maes, Brigitte Obbels, Dagmar Matheeussen, Veerle Martens, Geert Gras, Jérémie Verhasselt, Bruno Laffut, Wim Vael, Carl Goegebuer, Truus van der Kant, Rob Rousseau, Frederic Schymkowitz, Joost Serrano, Luis Delgado, Javier Wenseleers, Tom Bours, Vincent André, Emmanuel Suchard, Marc A. Rambaut, Andrew Dellicour, Simon Maes, Piet Durkin, Keith Baele, Guy
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up_date	2024-10-11T04:49:35.282Z
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Emergence of the B.1.214.2 SARS-CoV-2 lineage with an Omicron-like spike insertion and a unique upper airway immune signature

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