Does time matter? Intraspecific diversity of ribosomal RNA genes in lineages of the allopolyploid model grass Brachypodium hybridum with different evolutionary ages

Background Polyploidisation often results in genome rearrangements that may involve changes in both the single-copy sequences and the repetitive genome fraction. In this study, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of repetitive DNA, with a particular focus on ribosomal DNA (rDNA), in Brachypodium hybridum (2n = 4x = 30, subgenome composition DDSS), an allotetraploid resulting from a natural cross between two diploid species that resemble the modern B. distachyon (2n = 10; DD) and B. stacei (2n = 20; SS). Taking advantage of the recurrent origin of B. hybridum, we investigated two genotypes, Bhyb26 and ABR113, differing markedly in their evolutionary age (1.4 and 0.14 Mya, respectively) and which resulted from opposite cross directions. To identify the origin of rDNA loci we employed cytogenetic and molecular methods (FISH, gCAPS and Southern hybridisation), phylogenetic and genomic approaches. Results Unlike the general maintenance of doubled gene dosage in B. hybridum, the rRNA genes showed a remarkable tendency towards diploidisation at both locus and unit levels. While the partial elimination of 35S rDNA units occurred in the younger ABR113 lineage, unidirectional elimination of the entire locus was observed in the older Bhyb26 lineage. Additionally, a novel 5S rDNA family was amplified in Bhyb26 replacing the parental units. The 35S and 5S rDNA units were preferentially eliminated from the S- and D-subgenome, respectively. Thus, in the more ancient B. hybridum lineage, Bhyb26, 5S and 35S rRNA genes are likely expressed from different subgenomes, highlighting the complexity of polyploid regulatory networks. Conclusion Comparative analyses between two B. hybridum lineages of distinct evolutionary ages revealed that although the recent lineage ABR113 exhibited an additive pattern of rDNA loci distribution, the ancient lineage Bhyb26 demonstrated a pronounced tendency toward diploidisation manifested by the reduction in the number of both 35S and 5S loci. In conclusion, the age of the allopolyploid appears to be a decisive factor in rDNA turnover in B. hybridum. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Trunova, Dana [verfasserIn] Borowska-Zuchowska, Natalia [verfasserIn] Mykhailyk, Serhii [verfasserIn] Xia, Kai [verfasserIn] Zhu, Yuanbin [verfasserIn] Sancho, Ruben [verfasserIn] Rojek-Jelonek, Magdalena [verfasserIn] Garcia, Sònia [verfasserIn] Wang, Kai [verfasserIn] Catalan, Pilar [verfasserIn] Kovarik, Ales [verfasserIn] Hasterok, Robert [verfasserIn] Kolano, Bozena [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2024

Schlagwörter:	rDNA loci 5S rDNA NTS nrITS 35S rDNA IGS, FISH

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s) 2024

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: BMC plant biology - BioMed Central, 2001, 24(2024), 1 vom: 18. Okt.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:24 ; year:2024 ; number:1 ; day:18 ; month:10

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s12870-024-05658-5

Katalog-ID:	SPR057845611

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245	1	0	\|a Does time matter? Intraspecific diversity of ribosomal RNA genes in lineages of the allopolyploid model grass Brachypodium hybridum with different evolutionary ages
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520			\|a Background Polyploidisation often results in genome rearrangements that may involve changes in both the single-copy sequences and the repetitive genome fraction. In this study, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of repetitive DNA, with a particular focus on ribosomal DNA (rDNA), in Brachypodium hybridum (2n = 4x = 30, subgenome composition DDSS), an allotetraploid resulting from a natural cross between two diploid species that resemble the modern B. distachyon (2n = 10; DD) and B. stacei (2n = 20; SS). Taking advantage of the recurrent origin of B. hybridum, we investigated two genotypes, Bhyb26 and ABR113, differing markedly in their evolutionary age (1.4 and 0.14 Mya, respectively) and which resulted from opposite cross directions. To identify the origin of rDNA loci we employed cytogenetic and molecular methods (FISH, gCAPS and Southern hybridisation), phylogenetic and genomic approaches. Results Unlike the general maintenance of doubled gene dosage in B. hybridum, the rRNA genes showed a remarkable tendency towards diploidisation at both locus and unit levels. While the partial elimination of 35S rDNA units occurred in the younger ABR113 lineage, unidirectional elimination of the entire locus was observed in the older Bhyb26 lineage. Additionally, a novel 5S rDNA family was amplified in Bhyb26 replacing the parental units. The 35S and 5S rDNA units were preferentially eliminated from the S- and D-subgenome, respectively. Thus, in the more ancient B. hybridum lineage, Bhyb26, 5S and 35S rRNA genes are likely expressed from different subgenomes, highlighting the complexity of polyploid regulatory networks. Conclusion Comparative analyses between two B. hybridum lineages of distinct evolutionary ages revealed that although the recent lineage ABR113 exhibited an additive pattern of rDNA loci distribution, the ancient lineage Bhyb26 demonstrated a pronounced tendency toward diploidisation manifested by the reduction in the number of both 35S and 5S loci. In conclusion, the age of the allopolyploid appears to be a decisive factor in rDNA turnover in B. hybridum.
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allfields	10.1186/s12870-024-05658-5 doi (DE-627)SPR057845611 (SPR)s12870-024-05658-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 580 610 VZ 12 ssgn 44.41 bkl Trunova, Dana verfasserin aut Does time matter? Intraspecific diversity of ribosomal RNA genes in lineages of the allopolyploid model grass Brachypodium hybridum with different evolutionary ages 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2024 Background Polyploidisation often results in genome rearrangements that may involve changes in both the single-copy sequences and the repetitive genome fraction. In this study, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of repetitive DNA, with a particular focus on ribosomal DNA (rDNA), in Brachypodium hybridum (2n = 4x = 30, subgenome composition DDSS), an allotetraploid resulting from a natural cross between two diploid species that resemble the modern B. distachyon (2n = 10; DD) and B. stacei (2n = 20; SS). Taking advantage of the recurrent origin of B. hybridum, we investigated two genotypes, Bhyb26 and ABR113, differing markedly in their evolutionary age (1.4 and 0.14 Mya, respectively) and which resulted from opposite cross directions. To identify the origin of rDNA loci we employed cytogenetic and molecular methods (FISH, gCAPS and Southern hybridisation), phylogenetic and genomic approaches. Results Unlike the general maintenance of doubled gene dosage in B. hybridum, the rRNA genes showed a remarkable tendency towards diploidisation at both locus and unit levels. While the partial elimination of 35S rDNA units occurred in the younger ABR113 lineage, unidirectional elimination of the entire locus was observed in the older Bhyb26 lineage. Additionally, a novel 5S rDNA family was amplified in Bhyb26 replacing the parental units. The 35S and 5S rDNA units were preferentially eliminated from the S- and D-subgenome, respectively. Thus, in the more ancient B. hybridum lineage, Bhyb26, 5S and 35S rRNA genes are likely expressed from different subgenomes, highlighting the complexity of polyploid regulatory networks. Conclusion Comparative analyses between two B. hybridum lineages of distinct evolutionary ages revealed that although the recent lineage ABR113 exhibited an additive pattern of rDNA loci distribution, the ancient lineage Bhyb26 demonstrated a pronounced tendency toward diploidisation manifested by the reduction in the number of both 35S and 5S loci. In conclusion, the age of the allopolyploid appears to be a decisive factor in rDNA turnover in B. hybridum. rDNA loci (dpeaa)DE-He213 5S rDNA NTS (dpeaa)DE-He213 nrITS (dpeaa)DE-He213 35S rDNA IGS, FISH (dpeaa)DE-He213 Borowska-Zuchowska, Natalia verfasserin aut Mykhailyk, Serhii verfasserin aut Xia, Kai verfasserin aut Zhu, Yuanbin verfasserin aut Sancho, Ruben verfasserin aut Rojek-Jelonek, Magdalena verfasserin aut Garcia, Sònia verfasserin aut Wang, Kai verfasserin aut Catalan, Pilar verfasserin aut Kovarik, Ales verfasserin aut Hasterok, Robert verfasserin aut Kolano, Bozena verfasserin aut Enthalten in BMC plant biology BioMed Central, 2001 24(2024), 1 vom: 18. Okt. (DE-627)335489060 (DE-600)2059868-3 1471-2229 nnns volume:24 year:2024 number:1 day:18 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05658-5 X:SPRINGER Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_72 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4029 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4116 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4155 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 44.41 VZ AR 24 2024 1 18 10
spelling	10.1186/s12870-024-05658-5 doi (DE-627)SPR057845611 (SPR)s12870-024-05658-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 580 610 VZ 12 ssgn 44.41 bkl Trunova, Dana verfasserin aut Does time matter? Intraspecific diversity of ribosomal RNA genes in lineages of the allopolyploid model grass Brachypodium hybridum with different evolutionary ages 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2024 Background Polyploidisation often results in genome rearrangements that may involve changes in both the single-copy sequences and the repetitive genome fraction. In this study, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of repetitive DNA, with a particular focus on ribosomal DNA (rDNA), in Brachypodium hybridum (2n = 4x = 30, subgenome composition DDSS), an allotetraploid resulting from a natural cross between two diploid species that resemble the modern B. distachyon (2n = 10; DD) and B. stacei (2n = 20; SS). Taking advantage of the recurrent origin of B. hybridum, we investigated two genotypes, Bhyb26 and ABR113, differing markedly in their evolutionary age (1.4 and 0.14 Mya, respectively) and which resulted from opposite cross directions. To identify the origin of rDNA loci we employed cytogenetic and molecular methods (FISH, gCAPS and Southern hybridisation), phylogenetic and genomic approaches. Results Unlike the general maintenance of doubled gene dosage in B. hybridum, the rRNA genes showed a remarkable tendency towards diploidisation at both locus and unit levels. While the partial elimination of 35S rDNA units occurred in the younger ABR113 lineage, unidirectional elimination of the entire locus was observed in the older Bhyb26 lineage. Additionally, a novel 5S rDNA family was amplified in Bhyb26 replacing the parental units. The 35S and 5S rDNA units were preferentially eliminated from the S- and D-subgenome, respectively. Thus, in the more ancient B. hybridum lineage, Bhyb26, 5S and 35S rRNA genes are likely expressed from different subgenomes, highlighting the complexity of polyploid regulatory networks. Conclusion Comparative analyses between two B. hybridum lineages of distinct evolutionary ages revealed that although the recent lineage ABR113 exhibited an additive pattern of rDNA loci distribution, the ancient lineage Bhyb26 demonstrated a pronounced tendency toward diploidisation manifested by the reduction in the number of both 35S and 5S loci. In conclusion, the age of the allopolyploid appears to be a decisive factor in rDNA turnover in B. hybridum. rDNA loci (dpeaa)DE-He213 5S rDNA NTS (dpeaa)DE-He213 nrITS (dpeaa)DE-He213 35S rDNA IGS, FISH (dpeaa)DE-He213 Borowska-Zuchowska, Natalia verfasserin aut Mykhailyk, Serhii verfasserin aut Xia, Kai verfasserin aut Zhu, Yuanbin verfasserin aut Sancho, Ruben verfasserin aut Rojek-Jelonek, Magdalena verfasserin aut Garcia, Sònia verfasserin aut Wang, Kai verfasserin aut Catalan, Pilar verfasserin aut Kovarik, Ales verfasserin aut Hasterok, Robert verfasserin aut Kolano, Bozena verfasserin aut Enthalten in BMC plant biology BioMed Central, 2001 24(2024), 1 vom: 18. Okt. (DE-627)335489060 (DE-600)2059868-3 1471-2229 nnns volume:24 year:2024 number:1 day:18 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05658-5 X:SPRINGER Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_72 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4029 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4116 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4155 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 44.41 VZ AR 24 2024 1 18 10
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s12870-024-05658-5 doi (DE-627)SPR057845611 (SPR)s12870-024-05658-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 580 610 VZ 12 ssgn 44.41 bkl Trunova, Dana verfasserin aut Does time matter? Intraspecific diversity of ribosomal RNA genes in lineages of the allopolyploid model grass Brachypodium hybridum with different evolutionary ages 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2024 Background Polyploidisation often results in genome rearrangements that may involve changes in both the single-copy sequences and the repetitive genome fraction. In this study, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of repetitive DNA, with a particular focus on ribosomal DNA (rDNA), in Brachypodium hybridum (2n = 4x = 30, subgenome composition DDSS), an allotetraploid resulting from a natural cross between two diploid species that resemble the modern B. distachyon (2n = 10; DD) and B. stacei (2n = 20; SS). Taking advantage of the recurrent origin of B. hybridum, we investigated two genotypes, Bhyb26 and ABR113, differing markedly in their evolutionary age (1.4 and 0.14 Mya, respectively) and which resulted from opposite cross directions. To identify the origin of rDNA loci we employed cytogenetic and molecular methods (FISH, gCAPS and Southern hybridisation), phylogenetic and genomic approaches. Results Unlike the general maintenance of doubled gene dosage in B. hybridum, the rRNA genes showed a remarkable tendency towards diploidisation at both locus and unit levels. While the partial elimination of 35S rDNA units occurred in the younger ABR113 lineage, unidirectional elimination of the entire locus was observed in the older Bhyb26 lineage. Additionally, a novel 5S rDNA family was amplified in Bhyb26 replacing the parental units. The 35S and 5S rDNA units were preferentially eliminated from the S- and D-subgenome, respectively. Thus, in the more ancient B. hybridum lineage, Bhyb26, 5S and 35S rRNA genes are likely expressed from different subgenomes, highlighting the complexity of polyploid regulatory networks. Conclusion Comparative analyses between two B. hybridum lineages of distinct evolutionary ages revealed that although the recent lineage ABR113 exhibited an additive pattern of rDNA loci distribution, the ancient lineage Bhyb26 demonstrated a pronounced tendency toward diploidisation manifested by the reduction in the number of both 35S and 5S loci. In conclusion, the age of the allopolyploid appears to be a decisive factor in rDNA turnover in B. hybridum. rDNA loci (dpeaa)DE-He213 5S rDNA NTS (dpeaa)DE-He213 nrITS (dpeaa)DE-He213 35S rDNA IGS, FISH (dpeaa)DE-He213 Borowska-Zuchowska, Natalia verfasserin aut Mykhailyk, Serhii verfasserin aut Xia, Kai verfasserin aut Zhu, Yuanbin verfasserin aut Sancho, Ruben verfasserin aut Rojek-Jelonek, Magdalena verfasserin aut Garcia, Sònia verfasserin aut Wang, Kai verfasserin aut Catalan, Pilar verfasserin aut Kovarik, Ales verfasserin aut Hasterok, Robert verfasserin aut Kolano, Bozena verfasserin aut Enthalten in BMC plant biology BioMed Central, 2001 24(2024), 1 vom: 18. Okt. (DE-627)335489060 (DE-600)2059868-3 1471-2229 nnns volume:24 year:2024 number:1 day:18 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05658-5 X:SPRINGER Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_72 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4029 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4116 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4155 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 44.41 VZ AR 24 2024 1 18 10
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s12870-024-05658-5 doi (DE-627)SPR057845611 (SPR)s12870-024-05658-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 580 610 VZ 12 ssgn 44.41 bkl Trunova, Dana verfasserin aut Does time matter? Intraspecific diversity of ribosomal RNA genes in lineages of the allopolyploid model grass Brachypodium hybridum with different evolutionary ages 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2024 Background Polyploidisation often results in genome rearrangements that may involve changes in both the single-copy sequences and the repetitive genome fraction. In this study, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of repetitive DNA, with a particular focus on ribosomal DNA (rDNA), in Brachypodium hybridum (2n = 4x = 30, subgenome composition DDSS), an allotetraploid resulting from a natural cross between two diploid species that resemble the modern B. distachyon (2n = 10; DD) and B. stacei (2n = 20; SS). Taking advantage of the recurrent origin of B. hybridum, we investigated two genotypes, Bhyb26 and ABR113, differing markedly in their evolutionary age (1.4 and 0.14 Mya, respectively) and which resulted from opposite cross directions. To identify the origin of rDNA loci we employed cytogenetic and molecular methods (FISH, gCAPS and Southern hybridisation), phylogenetic and genomic approaches. Results Unlike the general maintenance of doubled gene dosage in B. hybridum, the rRNA genes showed a remarkable tendency towards diploidisation at both locus and unit levels. While the partial elimination of 35S rDNA units occurred in the younger ABR113 lineage, unidirectional elimination of the entire locus was observed in the older Bhyb26 lineage. Additionally, a novel 5S rDNA family was amplified in Bhyb26 replacing the parental units. The 35S and 5S rDNA units were preferentially eliminated from the S- and D-subgenome, respectively. Thus, in the more ancient B. hybridum lineage, Bhyb26, 5S and 35S rRNA genes are likely expressed from different subgenomes, highlighting the complexity of polyploid regulatory networks. Conclusion Comparative analyses between two B. hybridum lineages of distinct evolutionary ages revealed that although the recent lineage ABR113 exhibited an additive pattern of rDNA loci distribution, the ancient lineage Bhyb26 demonstrated a pronounced tendency toward diploidisation manifested by the reduction in the number of both 35S and 5S loci. In conclusion, the age of the allopolyploid appears to be a decisive factor in rDNA turnover in B. hybridum. rDNA loci (dpeaa)DE-He213 5S rDNA NTS (dpeaa)DE-He213 nrITS (dpeaa)DE-He213 35S rDNA IGS, FISH (dpeaa)DE-He213 Borowska-Zuchowska, Natalia verfasserin aut Mykhailyk, Serhii verfasserin aut Xia, Kai verfasserin aut Zhu, Yuanbin verfasserin aut Sancho, Ruben verfasserin aut Rojek-Jelonek, Magdalena verfasserin aut Garcia, Sònia verfasserin aut Wang, Kai verfasserin aut Catalan, Pilar verfasserin aut Kovarik, Ales verfasserin aut Hasterok, Robert verfasserin aut Kolano, Bozena verfasserin aut Enthalten in BMC plant biology BioMed Central, 2001 24(2024), 1 vom: 18. Okt. (DE-627)335489060 (DE-600)2059868-3 1471-2229 nnns volume:24 year:2024 number:1 day:18 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05658-5 X:SPRINGER Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_72 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4029 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4116 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4155 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 44.41 VZ AR 24 2024 1 18 10
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s12870-024-05658-5 doi (DE-627)SPR057845611 (SPR)s12870-024-05658-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 580 610 VZ 12 ssgn 44.41 bkl Trunova, Dana verfasserin aut Does time matter? Intraspecific diversity of ribosomal RNA genes in lineages of the allopolyploid model grass Brachypodium hybridum with different evolutionary ages 2024 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2024 Background Polyploidisation often results in genome rearrangements that may involve changes in both the single-copy sequences and the repetitive genome fraction. In this study, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of repetitive DNA, with a particular focus on ribosomal DNA (rDNA), in Brachypodium hybridum (2n = 4x = 30, subgenome composition DDSS), an allotetraploid resulting from a natural cross between two diploid species that resemble the modern B. distachyon (2n = 10; DD) and B. stacei (2n = 20; SS). Taking advantage of the recurrent origin of B. hybridum, we investigated two genotypes, Bhyb26 and ABR113, differing markedly in their evolutionary age (1.4 and 0.14 Mya, respectively) and which resulted from opposite cross directions. To identify the origin of rDNA loci we employed cytogenetic and molecular methods (FISH, gCAPS and Southern hybridisation), phylogenetic and genomic approaches. Results Unlike the general maintenance of doubled gene dosage in B. hybridum, the rRNA genes showed a remarkable tendency towards diploidisation at both locus and unit levels. While the partial elimination of 35S rDNA units occurred in the younger ABR113 lineage, unidirectional elimination of the entire locus was observed in the older Bhyb26 lineage. Additionally, a novel 5S rDNA family was amplified in Bhyb26 replacing the parental units. The 35S and 5S rDNA units were preferentially eliminated from the S- and D-subgenome, respectively. Thus, in the more ancient B. hybridum lineage, Bhyb26, 5S and 35S rRNA genes are likely expressed from different subgenomes, highlighting the complexity of polyploid regulatory networks. Conclusion Comparative analyses between two B. hybridum lineages of distinct evolutionary ages revealed that although the recent lineage ABR113 exhibited an additive pattern of rDNA loci distribution, the ancient lineage Bhyb26 demonstrated a pronounced tendency toward diploidisation manifested by the reduction in the number of both 35S and 5S loci. In conclusion, the age of the allopolyploid appears to be a decisive factor in rDNA turnover in B. hybridum. rDNA loci (dpeaa)DE-He213 5S rDNA NTS (dpeaa)DE-He213 nrITS (dpeaa)DE-He213 35S rDNA IGS, FISH (dpeaa)DE-He213 Borowska-Zuchowska, Natalia verfasserin aut Mykhailyk, Serhii verfasserin aut Xia, Kai verfasserin aut Zhu, Yuanbin verfasserin aut Sancho, Ruben verfasserin aut Rojek-Jelonek, Magdalena verfasserin aut Garcia, Sònia verfasserin aut Wang, Kai verfasserin aut Catalan, Pilar verfasserin aut Kovarik, Ales verfasserin aut Hasterok, Robert verfasserin aut Kolano, Bozena verfasserin aut Enthalten in BMC plant biology BioMed Central, 2001 24(2024), 1 vom: 18. Okt. (DE-627)335489060 (DE-600)2059868-3 1471-2229 nnns volume:24 year:2024 number:1 day:18 month:10 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05658-5 X:SPRINGER Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OPC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_72 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4029 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4116 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4155 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 44.41 VZ AR 24 2024 1 18 10
language	English
source	Enthalten in BMC plant biology 24(2024), 1 vom: 18. Okt. volume:24 year:2024 number:1 day:18 month:10
sourceStr	Enthalten in BMC plant biology 24(2024), 1 vom: 18. Okt. volume:24 year:2024 number:1 day:18 month:10
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	rDNA loci 5S rDNA NTS nrITS 35S rDNA IGS, FISH
dewey-raw	580
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	BMC plant biology
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Trunova, Dana @@aut@@ Borowska-Zuchowska, Natalia @@aut@@ Mykhailyk, Serhii @@aut@@ Xia, Kai @@aut@@ Zhu, Yuanbin @@aut@@ Sancho, Ruben @@aut@@ Rojek-Jelonek, Magdalena @@aut@@ Garcia, Sònia @@aut@@ Wang, Kai @@aut@@ Catalan, Pilar @@aut@@ Kovarik, Ales @@aut@@ Hasterok, Robert @@aut@@ Kolano, Bozena @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2024-10-18T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	335489060
dewey-sort	3580
id	SPR057845611
language_de	englisch
fullrecord	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000naa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">SPR057845611</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20241018064826.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">241018s2024 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1186/s12870-024-05658-5</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)SPR057845611</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(SPR)s12870-024-05658-5-e</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">580</subfield><subfield code="a">610</subfield><subfield code="q">VZ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">12</subfield><subfield code="2">ssgn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">44.41</subfield><subfield code="2">bkl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Trunova, Dana</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Does time matter? Intraspecific diversity of ribosomal RNA genes in lineages of the allopolyploid model grass Brachypodium hybridum with different evolutionary ages</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2024</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© The Author(s) 2024</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Background Polyploidisation often results in genome rearrangements that may involve changes in both the single-copy sequences and the repetitive genome fraction. In this study, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of repetitive DNA, with a particular focus on ribosomal DNA (rDNA), in Brachypodium hybridum (2n = 4x = 30, subgenome composition DDSS), an allotetraploid resulting from a natural cross between two diploid species that resemble the modern B. distachyon (2n = 10; DD) and B. stacei (2n = 20; SS). Taking advantage of the recurrent origin of B. hybridum, we investigated two genotypes, Bhyb26 and ABR113, differing markedly in their evolutionary age (1.4 and 0.14 Mya, respectively) and which resulted from opposite cross directions. To identify the origin of rDNA loci we employed cytogenetic and molecular methods (FISH, gCAPS and Southern hybridisation), phylogenetic and genomic approaches. Results Unlike the general maintenance of doubled gene dosage in B. hybridum, the rRNA genes showed a remarkable tendency towards diploidisation at both locus and unit levels. While the partial elimination of 35S rDNA units occurred in the younger ABR113 lineage, unidirectional elimination of the entire locus was observed in the older Bhyb26 lineage. Additionally, a novel 5S rDNA family was amplified in Bhyb26 replacing the parental units. The 35S and 5S rDNA units were preferentially eliminated from the S- and D-subgenome, respectively. Thus, in the more ancient B. hybridum lineage, Bhyb26, 5S and 35S rRNA genes are likely expressed from different subgenomes, highlighting the complexity of polyploid regulatory networks. Conclusion Comparative analyses between two B. hybridum lineages of distinct evolutionary ages revealed that although the recent lineage ABR113 exhibited an additive pattern of rDNA loci distribution, the ancient lineage Bhyb26 demonstrated a pronounced tendency toward diploidisation manifested by the reduction in the number of both 35S and 5S loci. 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author	Trunova, Dana
spellingShingle	Trunova, Dana ddc 580 ssgn 12 bkl 44.41 misc rDNA loci misc 5S rDNA NTS misc nrITS misc 35S rDNA IGS, FISH Does time matter? Intraspecific diversity of ribosomal RNA genes in lineages of the allopolyploid model grass Brachypodium hybridum with different evolutionary ages
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topic_title	580 610 VZ 12 ssgn 44.41 bkl Does time matter? Intraspecific diversity of ribosomal RNA genes in lineages of the allopolyploid model grass Brachypodium hybridum with different evolutionary ages rDNA loci (dpeaa)DE-He213 5S rDNA NTS (dpeaa)DE-He213 nrITS (dpeaa)DE-He213 35S rDNA IGS, FISH (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	ddc 580 ssgn 12 bkl 44.41 misc rDNA loci misc 5S rDNA NTS misc nrITS misc 35S rDNA IGS, FISH
topic_unstemmed	ddc 580 ssgn 12 bkl 44.41 misc rDNA loci misc 5S rDNA NTS misc nrITS misc 35S rDNA IGS, FISH
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title	Does time matter? Intraspecific diversity of ribosomal RNA genes in lineages of the allopolyploid model grass Brachypodium hybridum with different evolutionary ages
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title_full	Does time matter? Intraspecific diversity of ribosomal RNA genes in lineages of the allopolyploid model grass Brachypodium hybridum with different evolutionary ages
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author_browse	Trunova, Dana Borowska-Zuchowska, Natalia Mykhailyk, Serhii Xia, Kai Zhu, Yuanbin Sancho, Ruben Rojek-Jelonek, Magdalena Garcia, Sònia Wang, Kai Catalan, Pilar Kovarik, Ales Hasterok, Robert Kolano, Bozena
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title_sort	does time matter? intraspecific diversity of ribosomal rna genes in lineages of the allopolyploid model grass brachypodium hybridum with different evolutionary ages
title_auth	Does time matter? Intraspecific diversity of ribosomal RNA genes in lineages of the allopolyploid model grass Brachypodium hybridum with different evolutionary ages
abstract	Background Polyploidisation often results in genome rearrangements that may involve changes in both the single-copy sequences and the repetitive genome fraction. In this study, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of repetitive DNA, with a particular focus on ribosomal DNA (rDNA), in Brachypodium hybridum (2n = 4x = 30, subgenome composition DDSS), an allotetraploid resulting from a natural cross between two diploid species that resemble the modern B. distachyon (2n = 10; DD) and B. stacei (2n = 20; SS). Taking advantage of the recurrent origin of B. hybridum, we investigated two genotypes, Bhyb26 and ABR113, differing markedly in their evolutionary age (1.4 and 0.14 Mya, respectively) and which resulted from opposite cross directions. To identify the origin of rDNA loci we employed cytogenetic and molecular methods (FISH, gCAPS and Southern hybridisation), phylogenetic and genomic approaches. Results Unlike the general maintenance of doubled gene dosage in B. hybridum, the rRNA genes showed a remarkable tendency towards diploidisation at both locus and unit levels. While the partial elimination of 35S rDNA units occurred in the younger ABR113 lineage, unidirectional elimination of the entire locus was observed in the older Bhyb26 lineage. Additionally, a novel 5S rDNA family was amplified in Bhyb26 replacing the parental units. The 35S and 5S rDNA units were preferentially eliminated from the S- and D-subgenome, respectively. Thus, in the more ancient B. hybridum lineage, Bhyb26, 5S and 35S rRNA genes are likely expressed from different subgenomes, highlighting the complexity of polyploid regulatory networks. Conclusion Comparative analyses between two B. hybridum lineages of distinct evolutionary ages revealed that although the recent lineage ABR113 exhibited an additive pattern of rDNA loci distribution, the ancient lineage Bhyb26 demonstrated a pronounced tendency toward diploidisation manifested by the reduction in the number of both 35S and 5S loci. In conclusion, the age of the allopolyploid appears to be a decisive factor in rDNA turnover in B. hybridum. © The Author(s) 2024
abstractGer	Background Polyploidisation often results in genome rearrangements that may involve changes in both the single-copy sequences and the repetitive genome fraction. In this study, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of repetitive DNA, with a particular focus on ribosomal DNA (rDNA), in Brachypodium hybridum (2n = 4x = 30, subgenome composition DDSS), an allotetraploid resulting from a natural cross between two diploid species that resemble the modern B. distachyon (2n = 10; DD) and B. stacei (2n = 20; SS). Taking advantage of the recurrent origin of B. hybridum, we investigated two genotypes, Bhyb26 and ABR113, differing markedly in their evolutionary age (1.4 and 0.14 Mya, respectively) and which resulted from opposite cross directions. To identify the origin of rDNA loci we employed cytogenetic and molecular methods (FISH, gCAPS and Southern hybridisation), phylogenetic and genomic approaches. Results Unlike the general maintenance of doubled gene dosage in B. hybridum, the rRNA genes showed a remarkable tendency towards diploidisation at both locus and unit levels. While the partial elimination of 35S rDNA units occurred in the younger ABR113 lineage, unidirectional elimination of the entire locus was observed in the older Bhyb26 lineage. Additionally, a novel 5S rDNA family was amplified in Bhyb26 replacing the parental units. The 35S and 5S rDNA units were preferentially eliminated from the S- and D-subgenome, respectively. Thus, in the more ancient B. hybridum lineage, Bhyb26, 5S and 35S rRNA genes are likely expressed from different subgenomes, highlighting the complexity of polyploid regulatory networks. Conclusion Comparative analyses between two B. hybridum lineages of distinct evolutionary ages revealed that although the recent lineage ABR113 exhibited an additive pattern of rDNA loci distribution, the ancient lineage Bhyb26 demonstrated a pronounced tendency toward diploidisation manifested by the reduction in the number of both 35S and 5S loci. In conclusion, the age of the allopolyploid appears to be a decisive factor in rDNA turnover in B. hybridum. © The Author(s) 2024
abstract_unstemmed	Background Polyploidisation often results in genome rearrangements that may involve changes in both the single-copy sequences and the repetitive genome fraction. In this study, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of repetitive DNA, with a particular focus on ribosomal DNA (rDNA), in Brachypodium hybridum (2n = 4x = 30, subgenome composition DDSS), an allotetraploid resulting from a natural cross between two diploid species that resemble the modern B. distachyon (2n = 10; DD) and B. stacei (2n = 20; SS). Taking advantage of the recurrent origin of B. hybridum, we investigated two genotypes, Bhyb26 and ABR113, differing markedly in their evolutionary age (1.4 and 0.14 Mya, respectively) and which resulted from opposite cross directions. To identify the origin of rDNA loci we employed cytogenetic and molecular methods (FISH, gCAPS and Southern hybridisation), phylogenetic and genomic approaches. Results Unlike the general maintenance of doubled gene dosage in B. hybridum, the rRNA genes showed a remarkable tendency towards diploidisation at both locus and unit levels. While the partial elimination of 35S rDNA units occurred in the younger ABR113 lineage, unidirectional elimination of the entire locus was observed in the older Bhyb26 lineage. Additionally, a novel 5S rDNA family was amplified in Bhyb26 replacing the parental units. The 35S and 5S rDNA units were preferentially eliminated from the S- and D-subgenome, respectively. Thus, in the more ancient B. hybridum lineage, Bhyb26, 5S and 35S rRNA genes are likely expressed from different subgenomes, highlighting the complexity of polyploid regulatory networks. Conclusion Comparative analyses between two B. hybridum lineages of distinct evolutionary ages revealed that although the recent lineage ABR113 exhibited an additive pattern of rDNA loci distribution, the ancient lineage Bhyb26 demonstrated a pronounced tendency toward diploidisation manifested by the reduction in the number of both 35S and 5S loci. In conclusion, the age of the allopolyploid appears to be a decisive factor in rDNA turnover in B. hybridum. © The Author(s) 2024
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title_short	Does time matter? Intraspecific diversity of ribosomal RNA genes in lineages of the allopolyploid model grass Brachypodium hybridum with different evolutionary ages
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05658-5
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up_date	2024-10-18T04:52:03.915Z
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Intraspecific diversity of ribosomal RNA genes in lineages of the allopolyploid model grass Brachypodium hybridum with different evolutionary ages</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2024</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© The Author(s) 2024</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Background Polyploidisation often results in genome rearrangements that may involve changes in both the single-copy sequences and the repetitive genome fraction. In this study, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of repetitive DNA, with a particular focus on ribosomal DNA (rDNA), in Brachypodium hybridum (2n = 4x = 30, subgenome composition DDSS), an allotetraploid resulting from a natural cross between two diploid species that resemble the modern B. distachyon (2n = 10; DD) and B. stacei (2n = 20; SS). Taking advantage of the recurrent origin of B. hybridum, we investigated two genotypes, Bhyb26 and ABR113, differing markedly in their evolutionary age (1.4 and 0.14 Mya, respectively) and which resulted from opposite cross directions. To identify the origin of rDNA loci we employed cytogenetic and molecular methods (FISH, gCAPS and Southern hybridisation), phylogenetic and genomic approaches. Results Unlike the general maintenance of doubled gene dosage in B. hybridum, the rRNA genes showed a remarkable tendency towards diploidisation at both locus and unit levels. While the partial elimination of 35S rDNA units occurred in the younger ABR113 lineage, unidirectional elimination of the entire locus was observed in the older Bhyb26 lineage. Additionally, a novel 5S rDNA family was amplified in Bhyb26 replacing the parental units. The 35S and 5S rDNA units were preferentially eliminated from the S- and D-subgenome, respectively. Thus, in the more ancient B. hybridum lineage, Bhyb26, 5S and 35S rRNA genes are likely expressed from different subgenomes, highlighting the complexity of polyploid regulatory networks. Conclusion Comparative analyses between two B. hybridum lineages of distinct evolutionary ages revealed that although the recent lineage ABR113 exhibited an additive pattern of rDNA loci distribution, the ancient lineage Bhyb26 demonstrated a pronounced tendency toward diploidisation manifested by the reduction in the number of both 35S and 5S loci. 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Does time matter? Intraspecific diversity of ribosomal RNA genes in lineages of the allopolyploid model grass Brachypodium hybridum with different evolutionary ages

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