Microglial subtypes: diversity within the microglial community

Abstract Microglia are brain‐resident macrophages forming the first active immune barrier in the central nervous system. They fulfill multiple functions across development and adulthood and under disease conditions. Current understanding revolves around microglia acquiring distinct phenotypes upon e...
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Autor*in:	Stratoulias, Vassilis [verfasserIn] Venero, Jose Luis [verfasserIn] Tremblay, Marie‐Ève [verfasserIn] Joseph, Bertrand [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2019

Schlagwörter:	disease heterogeneity homeostasis microglia subtypes

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s) 2019

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: The EMBO Journal - Nature Publishing Group UK, 2023, 38(2019), 17 vom: 02. Aug.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:38 ; year:2019 ; number:17 ; day:02 ; month:08

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.15252/embj.2019101997

Katalog-ID:	SPR058016139

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520			\|a Abstract Microglia are brain‐resident macrophages forming the first active immune barrier in the central nervous system. They fulfill multiple functions across development and adulthood and under disease conditions. Current understanding revolves around microglia acquiring distinct phenotypes upon exposure to extrinsic cues in their environment. However, emerging evidence suggests that microglia display differences in their functions that are not exclusively driven by their milieu, rather by the unique properties these cells possess. This microglial intrinsic heterogeneity has been largely overlooked, favoring the prevailing view that microglia are a single‐cell type endowed with spectacular plasticity, allowing them to acquire multiple phenotypes and thereby fulfill their numerous functions in health and disease. Here, we review the evidence that microglia might form a community of cells in which each member (or “subtype”) displays intrinsic properties and performs unique functions. Distinctive features and functional implications of several microglial subtypes are considered, across contexts of health and disease. Finally, we suggest that microglial subtype categorization shall be based on function and we propose ways for studying them. Hence, we advocate that plasticity (reaction states) and diversity (subtypes) should both be considered when studying the multitasking microglia.
520			\|a Graphical Abstract Bertrand Joseph and colleagues discuss the complexities and heterogeneity of the resident macrophage cells that play key roles in CNS immune responses, suggesting function‐based categorizations and ways for further studies.
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allfields	10.15252/embj.2019101997 doi (DE-627)SPR058016139 (SPR)embj.2019101997-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Stratoulias, Vassilis verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-9724-6589 aut Microglial subtypes: diversity within the microglial community 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Microglia are brain‐resident macrophages forming the first active immune barrier in the central nervous system. They fulfill multiple functions across development and adulthood and under disease conditions. Current understanding revolves around microglia acquiring distinct phenotypes upon exposure to extrinsic cues in their environment. However, emerging evidence suggests that microglia display differences in their functions that are not exclusively driven by their milieu, rather by the unique properties these cells possess. This microglial intrinsic heterogeneity has been largely overlooked, favoring the prevailing view that microglia are a single‐cell type endowed with spectacular plasticity, allowing them to acquire multiple phenotypes and thereby fulfill their numerous functions in health and disease. Here, we review the evidence that microglia might form a community of cells in which each member (or “subtype”) displays intrinsic properties and performs unique functions. Distinctive features and functional implications of several microglial subtypes are considered, across contexts of health and disease. Finally, we suggest that microglial subtype categorization shall be based on function and we propose ways for studying them. Hence, we advocate that plasticity (reaction states) and diversity (subtypes) should both be considered when studying the multitasking microglia. Graphical Abstract Bertrand Joseph and colleagues discuss the complexities and heterogeneity of the resident macrophage cells that play key roles in CNS immune responses, suggesting function‐based categorizations and ways for further studies. disease (dpeaa)DE-He213 heterogeneity (dpeaa)DE-He213 homeostasis (dpeaa)DE-He213 microglia (dpeaa)DE-He213 subtypes (dpeaa)DE-He213 Venero, Jose Luis verfasserin aut Tremblay, Marie‐Ève verfasserin aut Joseph, Bertrand verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-5655-9979 aut Enthalten in The EMBO Journal Nature Publishing Group UK, 2023 38(2019), 17 vom: 02. Aug. (DE-627)266022529 (DE-600)1467419-1 1460-2075 nnns volume:38 year:2019 number:17 day:02 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embj.2019101997 X:SPRINGER Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_72 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_168 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_211 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4029 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4116 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4155 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4311 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4314 GBV_ILN_4318 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4598 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 38 2019 17 02 08
spelling	10.15252/embj.2019101997 doi (DE-627)SPR058016139 (SPR)embj.2019101997-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Stratoulias, Vassilis verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-9724-6589 aut Microglial subtypes: diversity within the microglial community 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Microglia are brain‐resident macrophages forming the first active immune barrier in the central nervous system. They fulfill multiple functions across development and adulthood and under disease conditions. Current understanding revolves around microglia acquiring distinct phenotypes upon exposure to extrinsic cues in their environment. However, emerging evidence suggests that microglia display differences in their functions that are not exclusively driven by their milieu, rather by the unique properties these cells possess. This microglial intrinsic heterogeneity has been largely overlooked, favoring the prevailing view that microglia are a single‐cell type endowed with spectacular plasticity, allowing them to acquire multiple phenotypes and thereby fulfill their numerous functions in health and disease. Here, we review the evidence that microglia might form a community of cells in which each member (or “subtype”) displays intrinsic properties and performs unique functions. Distinctive features and functional implications of several microglial subtypes are considered, across contexts of health and disease. Finally, we suggest that microglial subtype categorization shall be based on function and we propose ways for studying them. Hence, we advocate that plasticity (reaction states) and diversity (subtypes) should both be considered when studying the multitasking microglia. Graphical Abstract Bertrand Joseph and colleagues discuss the complexities and heterogeneity of the resident macrophage cells that play key roles in CNS immune responses, suggesting function‐based categorizations and ways for further studies. disease (dpeaa)DE-He213 heterogeneity (dpeaa)DE-He213 homeostasis (dpeaa)DE-He213 microglia (dpeaa)DE-He213 subtypes (dpeaa)DE-He213 Venero, Jose Luis verfasserin aut Tremblay, Marie‐Ève verfasserin aut Joseph, Bertrand verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-5655-9979 aut Enthalten in The EMBO Journal Nature Publishing Group UK, 2023 38(2019), 17 vom: 02. Aug. (DE-627)266022529 (DE-600)1467419-1 1460-2075 nnns volume:38 year:2019 number:17 day:02 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embj.2019101997 X:SPRINGER Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_72 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_168 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_211 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4029 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4116 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4155 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4311 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4314 GBV_ILN_4318 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4598 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 38 2019 17 02 08
allfields_unstemmed	10.15252/embj.2019101997 doi (DE-627)SPR058016139 (SPR)embj.2019101997-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Stratoulias, Vassilis verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-9724-6589 aut Microglial subtypes: diversity within the microglial community 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Microglia are brain‐resident macrophages forming the first active immune barrier in the central nervous system. They fulfill multiple functions across development and adulthood and under disease conditions. Current understanding revolves around microglia acquiring distinct phenotypes upon exposure to extrinsic cues in their environment. However, emerging evidence suggests that microglia display differences in their functions that are not exclusively driven by their milieu, rather by the unique properties these cells possess. This microglial intrinsic heterogeneity has been largely overlooked, favoring the prevailing view that microglia are a single‐cell type endowed with spectacular plasticity, allowing them to acquire multiple phenotypes and thereby fulfill their numerous functions in health and disease. Here, we review the evidence that microglia might form a community of cells in which each member (or “subtype”) displays intrinsic properties and performs unique functions. Distinctive features and functional implications of several microglial subtypes are considered, across contexts of health and disease. Finally, we suggest that microglial subtype categorization shall be based on function and we propose ways for studying them. Hence, we advocate that plasticity (reaction states) and diversity (subtypes) should both be considered when studying the multitasking microglia. Graphical Abstract Bertrand Joseph and colleagues discuss the complexities and heterogeneity of the resident macrophage cells that play key roles in CNS immune responses, suggesting function‐based categorizations and ways for further studies. disease (dpeaa)DE-He213 heterogeneity (dpeaa)DE-He213 homeostasis (dpeaa)DE-He213 microglia (dpeaa)DE-He213 subtypes (dpeaa)DE-He213 Venero, Jose Luis verfasserin aut Tremblay, Marie‐Ève verfasserin aut Joseph, Bertrand verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-5655-9979 aut Enthalten in The EMBO Journal Nature Publishing Group UK, 2023 38(2019), 17 vom: 02. Aug. (DE-627)266022529 (DE-600)1467419-1 1460-2075 nnns volume:38 year:2019 number:17 day:02 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embj.2019101997 X:SPRINGER Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_72 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_168 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_211 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4029 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4116 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4155 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4311 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4314 GBV_ILN_4318 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4598 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 38 2019 17 02 08
allfieldsGer	10.15252/embj.2019101997 doi (DE-627)SPR058016139 (SPR)embj.2019101997-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Stratoulias, Vassilis verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-9724-6589 aut Microglial subtypes: diversity within the microglial community 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Microglia are brain‐resident macrophages forming the first active immune barrier in the central nervous system. They fulfill multiple functions across development and adulthood and under disease conditions. Current understanding revolves around microglia acquiring distinct phenotypes upon exposure to extrinsic cues in their environment. However, emerging evidence suggests that microglia display differences in their functions that are not exclusively driven by their milieu, rather by the unique properties these cells possess. This microglial intrinsic heterogeneity has been largely overlooked, favoring the prevailing view that microglia are a single‐cell type endowed with spectacular plasticity, allowing them to acquire multiple phenotypes and thereby fulfill their numerous functions in health and disease. Here, we review the evidence that microglia might form a community of cells in which each member (or “subtype”) displays intrinsic properties and performs unique functions. Distinctive features and functional implications of several microglial subtypes are considered, across contexts of health and disease. Finally, we suggest that microglial subtype categorization shall be based on function and we propose ways for studying them. Hence, we advocate that plasticity (reaction states) and diversity (subtypes) should both be considered when studying the multitasking microglia. Graphical Abstract Bertrand Joseph and colleagues discuss the complexities and heterogeneity of the resident macrophage cells that play key roles in CNS immune responses, suggesting function‐based categorizations and ways for further studies. disease (dpeaa)DE-He213 heterogeneity (dpeaa)DE-He213 homeostasis (dpeaa)DE-He213 microglia (dpeaa)DE-He213 subtypes (dpeaa)DE-He213 Venero, Jose Luis verfasserin aut Tremblay, Marie‐Ève verfasserin aut Joseph, Bertrand verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-5655-9979 aut Enthalten in The EMBO Journal Nature Publishing Group UK, 2023 38(2019), 17 vom: 02. Aug. (DE-627)266022529 (DE-600)1467419-1 1460-2075 nnns volume:38 year:2019 number:17 day:02 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embj.2019101997 X:SPRINGER Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_72 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_168 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_211 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4029 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4116 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4155 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4311 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4314 GBV_ILN_4318 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4598 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 38 2019 17 02 08
allfieldsSound	10.15252/embj.2019101997 doi (DE-627)SPR058016139 (SPR)embj.2019101997-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Stratoulias, Vassilis verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-9724-6589 aut Microglial subtypes: diversity within the microglial community 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Microglia are brain‐resident macrophages forming the first active immune barrier in the central nervous system. They fulfill multiple functions across development and adulthood and under disease conditions. Current understanding revolves around microglia acquiring distinct phenotypes upon exposure to extrinsic cues in their environment. However, emerging evidence suggests that microglia display differences in their functions that are not exclusively driven by their milieu, rather by the unique properties these cells possess. This microglial intrinsic heterogeneity has been largely overlooked, favoring the prevailing view that microglia are a single‐cell type endowed with spectacular plasticity, allowing them to acquire multiple phenotypes and thereby fulfill their numerous functions in health and disease. Here, we review the evidence that microglia might form a community of cells in which each member (or “subtype”) displays intrinsic properties and performs unique functions. Distinctive features and functional implications of several microglial subtypes are considered, across contexts of health and disease. Finally, we suggest that microglial subtype categorization shall be based on function and we propose ways for studying them. Hence, we advocate that plasticity (reaction states) and diversity (subtypes) should both be considered when studying the multitasking microglia. Graphical Abstract Bertrand Joseph and colleagues discuss the complexities and heterogeneity of the resident macrophage cells that play key roles in CNS immune responses, suggesting function‐based categorizations and ways for further studies. disease (dpeaa)DE-He213 heterogeneity (dpeaa)DE-He213 homeostasis (dpeaa)DE-He213 microglia (dpeaa)DE-He213 subtypes (dpeaa)DE-He213 Venero, Jose Luis verfasserin aut Tremblay, Marie‐Ève verfasserin aut Joseph, Bertrand verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-5655-9979 aut Enthalten in The EMBO Journal Nature Publishing Group UK, 2023 38(2019), 17 vom: 02. Aug. (DE-627)266022529 (DE-600)1467419-1 1460-2075 nnns volume:38 year:2019 number:17 day:02 month:08 https://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embj.2019101997 X:SPRINGER Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext SYSFLAG_0 GBV_SPRINGER GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_72 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_168 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_211 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_266 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4029 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4116 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4155 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4311 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4314 GBV_ILN_4318 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4598 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 38 2019 17 02 08
language	English
source	Enthalten in The EMBO Journal 38(2019), 17 vom: 02. Aug. volume:38 year:2019 number:17 day:02 month:08
sourceStr	Enthalten in The EMBO Journal 38(2019), 17 vom: 02. Aug. volume:38 year:2019 number:17 day:02 month:08
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	disease heterogeneity homeostasis microglia subtypes
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container_title	The EMBO Journal
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Stratoulias, Vassilis @@aut@@ Venero, Jose Luis @@aut@@ Tremblay, Marie‐Ève @@aut@@ Joseph, Bertrand @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2019-08-02T00:00:00Z
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id	SPR058016139
language_de	englisch
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author	Stratoulias, Vassilis
spellingShingle	Stratoulias, Vassilis misc disease misc heterogeneity misc homeostasis misc microglia misc subtypes Microglial subtypes: diversity within the microglial community
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topic_title	Microglial subtypes: diversity within the microglial community disease (dpeaa)DE-He213 heterogeneity (dpeaa)DE-He213 homeostasis (dpeaa)DE-He213 microglia (dpeaa)DE-He213 subtypes (dpeaa)DE-He213
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title	Microglial subtypes: diversity within the microglial community
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title_full	Microglial subtypes: diversity within the microglial community
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title_sort	microglial subtypes: diversity within the microglial community
title_auth	Microglial subtypes: diversity within the microglial community
abstract	Abstract Microglia are brain‐resident macrophages forming the first active immune barrier in the central nervous system. They fulfill multiple functions across development and adulthood and under disease conditions. Current understanding revolves around microglia acquiring distinct phenotypes upon exposure to extrinsic cues in their environment. However, emerging evidence suggests that microglia display differences in their functions that are not exclusively driven by their milieu, rather by the unique properties these cells possess. This microglial intrinsic heterogeneity has been largely overlooked, favoring the prevailing view that microglia are a single‐cell type endowed with spectacular plasticity, allowing them to acquire multiple phenotypes and thereby fulfill their numerous functions in health and disease. Here, we review the evidence that microglia might form a community of cells in which each member (or “subtype”) displays intrinsic properties and performs unique functions. Distinctive features and functional implications of several microglial subtypes are considered, across contexts of health and disease. Finally, we suggest that microglial subtype categorization shall be based on function and we propose ways for studying them. Hence, we advocate that plasticity (reaction states) and diversity (subtypes) should both be considered when studying the multitasking microglia. Graphical Abstract Bertrand Joseph and colleagues discuss the complexities and heterogeneity of the resident macrophage cells that play key roles in CNS immune responses, suggesting function‐based categorizations and ways for further studies. © The Author(s) 2019
abstractGer	Abstract Microglia are brain‐resident macrophages forming the first active immune barrier in the central nervous system. They fulfill multiple functions across development and adulthood and under disease conditions. Current understanding revolves around microglia acquiring distinct phenotypes upon exposure to extrinsic cues in their environment. However, emerging evidence suggests that microglia display differences in their functions that are not exclusively driven by their milieu, rather by the unique properties these cells possess. This microglial intrinsic heterogeneity has been largely overlooked, favoring the prevailing view that microglia are a single‐cell type endowed with spectacular plasticity, allowing them to acquire multiple phenotypes and thereby fulfill their numerous functions in health and disease. Here, we review the evidence that microglia might form a community of cells in which each member (or “subtype”) displays intrinsic properties and performs unique functions. Distinctive features and functional implications of several microglial subtypes are considered, across contexts of health and disease. Finally, we suggest that microglial subtype categorization shall be based on function and we propose ways for studying them. Hence, we advocate that plasticity (reaction states) and diversity (subtypes) should both be considered when studying the multitasking microglia. Graphical Abstract Bertrand Joseph and colleagues discuss the complexities and heterogeneity of the resident macrophage cells that play key roles in CNS immune responses, suggesting function‐based categorizations and ways for further studies. © The Author(s) 2019
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Microglia are brain‐resident macrophages forming the first active immune barrier in the central nervous system. They fulfill multiple functions across development and adulthood and under disease conditions. Current understanding revolves around microglia acquiring distinct phenotypes upon exposure to extrinsic cues in their environment. However, emerging evidence suggests that microglia display differences in their functions that are not exclusively driven by their milieu, rather by the unique properties these cells possess. This microglial intrinsic heterogeneity has been largely overlooked, favoring the prevailing view that microglia are a single‐cell type endowed with spectacular plasticity, allowing them to acquire multiple phenotypes and thereby fulfill their numerous functions in health and disease. Here, we review the evidence that microglia might form a community of cells in which each member (or “subtype”) displays intrinsic properties and performs unique functions. Distinctive features and functional implications of several microglial subtypes are considered, across contexts of health and disease. Finally, we suggest that microglial subtype categorization shall be based on function and we propose ways for studying them. Hence, we advocate that plasticity (reaction states) and diversity (subtypes) should both be considered when studying the multitasking microglia. Graphical Abstract Bertrand Joseph and colleagues discuss the complexities and heterogeneity of the resident macrophage cells that play key roles in CNS immune responses, suggesting function‐based categorizations and ways for further studies. © The Author(s) 2019
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container_issue	17
title_short	Microglial subtypes: diversity within the microglial community
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embj.2019101997
remote_bool	true
author2	Venero, Jose Luis Tremblay, Marie‐Ève Joseph, Bertrand
author2Str	Venero, Jose Luis Tremblay, Marie‐Ève Joseph, Bertrand
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doi_str	10.15252/embj.2019101997
up_date	2024-10-24T04:56:22.029Z
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Microglial subtypes: diversity within the microglial community

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